Correction to: Assessing real options in urban surface water flood risk management under climate change

Windblown dust originating in China and Mongolia causes health effects and agricultural damage in its source areas and causes Asian dust events in Japan. An early warning system that could be combined with weather forecasts would be helpful in preventing serious damage. However, it is difficult to specify source areas of dust with current dust modeling systems because land surface information, including vegetation coverage and land surface soil water content, is inadequate. To find and monitor dust source regions, a semi-real-time dust erodibility map was developed based on MODIS satellite data that focuses particularly on the threshold wind speed in a target area of northeast Asia including China and Mongolia (35°–50°N, 75°–120°E). The mapping system incorporates satellite data on snow cover, areas of frozen soil, surface soil water content, and vegetation cover.     

Dynamic Response and Mechanical Behaviours of Geogrid for High Earth-rockfill Dams

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - Due to the complexity of the interaction between the geogrid and the soil interface in high earth-rock dams, the method of replacing the grid with steel...     

GRAPES全球奇异向量方法改进及试验分析

基于总能量模的奇异向量扰动常用于构造集合预报的初始条件。以建立GRAPES（Global and Regional Assimilation PrEdiction System）全球集合预报系统为目的,基于前期研发的GRAPES全球模式奇异向量方法,在GRAPES全球切线性模式和伴随模式2.0版的框架下,开展了引入线性化边界层方案来改善奇异向量结构,并提高奇异向量计算效率的研究。通过连续试验,从奇异向量的扰动能量结构、扰动能量谱及扰动空间分布等方面,综合分析改进GRAPES全球奇异向量的结构及演变特征。试验结果表明,改进后的GRAPES奇异向量方法有效抑制了之前扰动能量在近地面层不合理的快速增长,同时,奇异向量最优扰动的结构更客观地体现了中高纬度区域大气初始条件中的斜压不稳定扰动及其演变,如在初始时刻奇异向量扰动能量主要位于对流层中层,并呈现出随高度向西倾斜的大气斜压特征;经过线性化演变,扰动能量向较大水平尺度转移,并在垂直结构上表现出向对流层高层上传及向对流层低层下传的特征等。针对GRAPES奇异向量迭代求解中伴随模式计算耗时为主的情况,改进伴随模式中广义共轭余差方案的调用方式,并采用大内存存储法来提高其计算效率,进而将奇异向量总计算时间缩短了25%。总之,改进后的GRAPES奇异向量方法,可应用于构建面向业务应用的GRAPES全球集合预报系统。      

Preface of “Earthquake,volcanism, and physical oceanography”

Marine Geophysical Research -     

Methods Comparison for Microsatellite Marker Development： Different Isolation Methods, Different Yield Efficiency

Microsatellite markers have become one kind of the most important molecular tools used in various researches. A large number of microsatellite markers are required for the whole genome survey in the fields of molecular ecology, quantitative genetics and genomics. Therefore, it is extremely necessary to select several versatile, low-cost, efficient and time- and labor-saving methods to develop a large panel of microsatellite markers. In this study, we used Zhikong scallop (Chlamys farreri) as the target species to compare the efficiency of the five methods derived from three strategies for microsatellite marker development. The results showed that the strategy of constructing small insert genomic DNA library resulted in poor efficiency, while the microsatellite-enriched strategy highly improved the isolation efficiency. Although the mining public database strategy is time- and cost-saving, it is difficult to obtain a large number of microsatellite markers, mainly due to the limited sequence data of non-model species deposited in public databases. Based on the results in this study, we recommend two methods, microsatellite-enriched library construction method and FIASCO-colony hybridization method, for large-scale microsatellite marker development. Both methods were derived from the mi-crosatellite-enriched strategy. The experimental results obtained from Zhikong scallop also provide the reference for microsatellite marker development in other species with large genomes.     

Growth and feed efficiency of juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed formulated diets containing different levels of poultry by-product meal

This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a protein source in the culture ofLitopenaeus vannamei. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to near to commercial diet with about 40% protein and 7.5% lipid. Fish meal was replaced by 0, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 100% of PBM (diets 1-7). The diet with 100% fish meal was used as a control (diet 1). Post-larvae were reared in an indoor semi-closed re-circulating system. Each dietary treatment was tested in 4 replicate tanks (260 L) of 40 shrimp, arranged in a completely randomized design. The shrimps were hand-fed for three times a day to near-satiation (0700, 1200 and 1800) for 60d. Percentage weight gain, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body composition of shrimps were measured. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance among shrimps fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). However, shrimps fed diet 7 (100% fish meal replacement) had significantly lower (P<0.05) growth than those fed diets 1-5 (0-60% fish meal replacement). Shrimp fed diets 2-4 (30%-50% fish meal replacement) showed significantly higher growth than those fed diets 6 and 7 (70% and 100% fish meal replacement, respectively). Survival ranged from 94.7% to 100.0% and did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among different experimental diets. No differences in body composition were found among shrimps fed different diets. These results showed that up to 70% of fish meal protein can be replaced by PBM without adversely affecting the growth, survival, FCR, PER and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei.     

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陆海社会经济关系及其演进研究综述

陆域与海域的社会经济发展是沿海区域可持续发展的重要表现,共同作用于沿海区域经济,但在长期“重陆轻海”的理念下,陆域与海域社会经济关系并未得到有序发展,两者需在长期发展中寻求社会经济关系的平衡点,促进沿海区域绿色协调发展。从海洋经济与沿海陆域经济发展、陆海联动、陆海一体化、陆海统筹等4个方面综述了陆海社会经济关系的研究进展,并指出未来陆海社会经济关系研究应突破现有的研究视角与方法;加强陆海社会经济统计指标体系的构建研究;注重陆海社会经济不同尺度下的时空序列研究;强化陆海社会经济战略下综合性管理监督机制;同时优化其理论体系的构建,注重实践性与对比性的研究。