福建及台湾海峡地震预警工程架构探索

福建及台湾海峡是海陆板块碰撞到板内地震活动过渡带 ,东侧毗邻台湾板缘地震带 ,西侧为福建内陆板内地震活动区。这是得天独厚的观测研究大陆边缘地震构造带强震活动及板块动力学的良好地域。当前 ,我国进入全面建设小康社会历史时期 ,为防御地震造成社会灾害 ,实现以人为本 ,防患于未然 ,势必需要建构一个实用化的地震预警工程及其机制。本文即是在对福建及台湾海峡近 30多年以来观测研究的基础上 ,提出应用现代空间技术、数字地震、计算机网络等技术架构地震预警工程与机制的一种设想。     

绿色能源,世纪工程--西气东输工程

西气东输工程是国家实施西部大开发战略的重要举措.在鄂尔多斯盆地和塔里木盆地进行的大规模天然气勘探工作表明,可以为西气东输工程准备较为充分的天然气可采储量.同时,根据对河南、安徽、江苏、浙江和上海等五省市天然气需求的预测,天然气需求市场的形势良好.西气东输工程是中国境内第一条达到国际标准的大口径、高压力、长距离输气管道.通过技术攻关和高新技术的应用,西气东输工程从管材及制管、焊接、内涂敷、压缩机增压系统优化、自动化控制到流量计量和焊接的无损检测技术等方面都取得了突破性进展.西气东输工程跨越多个自然环境区和地质构造区带,在工程可行性研究中就环境保护和地质灾害的预防做了大量的研究工作,提出了一系列的保护和预防措施.     

地下水对地电前兆影响的实验研究

以含水岩土为样本，研究了不同含水率，不同矿化度，不同压力，不同温度以及岩土层中重力水面的不等高度状态下岩土电阻率的定量变化，实验表明，岩土介质电阻率与所含水的特性有十分密切的关系，该实验首次把地下水前兆与地地前兆作为一个整体，来研究地者之间的内在联系，并分析其相关特征。     

陕西小秦岭地区太华群的重新厘定

陕西小秦岭地区太华群变质岩与国内外许多高级片麻岩区类似，存在大量的深成花岗质片麻岩体，它们经过多期变质变形作用，形成具不同基础岩石类型的多相片麻岩。本文在吸收前人研究成果的基础上，依据区内岩石组合的岩石学、岩石地球化学等特征，将原划太华群重新厘定为太华岩群、翁岔铺片麻岩套、太峪岭片麻岩套、佛头崖单元、罗斑花岗伟晶岩及葫芦沟变砂岩，并首次在本区建立了相应的构─岩石单位体系。     

Low-angle reflectivity modeling of land clutter

In this letter, a practical mean reflectivity model of radar land clutter (LC) for the complex system design of ground-based radars involved in low-angle targets on some typical terrains is studied using the inductive reasoning method. The functional relationships between the radar parameters and radar surface clutter backscattering are analyzed. Following the recent research work in the area of reflectivity modeling of LC in the literature, the least squares method is employed to estimate the model parameters. The model is validated using reliable practical data and shown to outperform other models in accuracy.     

Oil source analysis of Upper Tertiary Shawan Formation in Chepaizi area,in the northwest margin of Junggar basin

Well che89, located in the Chepaizi area in the northwest margin of Junggar basin, acquires high production industrial oil flow, which is an important breakthrough in the exploration of the south foreland slope area of Junggar basin. The Chepaizi area is near two hydrocarbon generation depressions of Sikeshu and Shawan, which have sets of hydrocarbon source rock of Carboniferous to Jurassic as well as Upper Tertiary. Geological and geochemical parameters are proper for the accumulation of mixed source crude oil. Carbon isotope, group composition and biomarkers of crude oil in Upper Tertiary of well Che89 show that the features of crude oil in Upper Tertiary Shawan Formation are between that of Permian and Jurassic, some of them are similar to these two, and some are of difference, they should be the mixed source of Permian and Jurassic. Geochemical analysis and geological study show that sand extract of Lower Tertiary Wulunguhe Formation has the same source as the crude oil and sand extract of Upper Tertiary Shawan Formation, but they are not charged in the same period. Oil/gas of Wulunguhe Formation is charged before Upper Tertiary sedimentation, and suffered serious biodegradation and oxidation and rinsing, which provide a proof in another aspect that the crude oil of Upper Tertiary Shawan Formation of well Che89 is not from hydrocarbon source rock of Lower Tertiary.

     

Trace element and REE geochemistry of the Zhewang gold deposit,southeastern Guizhou Province,China

The quartz vein-type gold deposits are widely hosted by the Neoproterozoic （Xiajiang Group） epimeta- morphic clastic rock series in southeastern Guizhou Province, China. The Zhewang gold deposit studied in this paper occurs in the second lithologieal member of the Pinglue Formation of the Xiajiang Group. Trace element geochemis- try of host rocks, quartz veins and arsenopyrite has revealed that ore-forming fluid was enriched in sulphophile ele- ments such as Au, Ag, As, Sb, Pb and Zn, and simultaneously concentrated some magmaphile elements such as W and Mo, which probably provides some evidence for multi-stage mineralization or overprinting of magmatic hydro- therm. Quartz veins and arsenopyrite were characterized by depletion in HFSE and enrichment in LREE. Hf/Sm, Nb/La and Th/La imply that the ore-forming fluid was probably a NaC1-H20 solution system enriched in more C1 than F; Th/U values reflect the strong reducibility of the ore-forming fluid, coincident with the sulfide assemblages. The values of Co/Ni reflect that magmatic fluids may have partly participated in the ore-forming process and Y/Ho values have proved that the ore-forming fluid was associated with metamorphism and exotic hydrotherm which has reformed former quartz veins during late mineralization. The concentrations of REE, Eu anomalies and Ce anomalies of this deposit display that ore-forming elements mainly were derived from host rocks and possibly from a mixed deep source, and the ore-forming fluid was mixed by dominant metamorphic fluid and minor other sources. The physical-chemical conditions of ore-forming fluid changed from the initial stage to the late stage. The metamorphic fluid is responsible for the mineralization. Therefore, the Zhewang gold deposit is classified as a quartz vein-type gold deposit which may have been reformed by magmatic fluids during the late stage.     

Prediction of tropical cyclone frequency with a wavelet neural network model incorporating natural orthogonal expansion and combined weights

A nonlinear wavelet neural network (WNN) model with natural orthogonal expansion (NOE) and combined weights is constructed to predict the annual frequency of tropical cyclones (TCF) occurring over the coastal regions of Southern China. Combined weights are obtained by calculating categorical weights, based on the particle swarm projection pursuit, and ranking weights, based on fuzzy mathematics, followed by optimization. The global monthly mean heights at 500?hPa and sea-surface temperature fields are used as two predictors. The linear and nonlinear information of the predictors with reduced dimensions is gathered through the NOE and combined weights, respectively, and treated as the input into the WNN model. This model is first trained with the 55-year (i.e., 1950?C2004) TCF data and then used to predict annual TCFs for the subsequent 5?years (i.e., 2005?C2009). Results show that the mean absolute and relative errors are 0.6175 and 9.34?%, respectively. The impacts of the combined weights, NOE and WNN as well as the traditional multi-regression approach on the TCF prediction are examined. Results show superior performance of the WNN-based model in the annual TCF prediction.     

粤东塌山含锡花岗斑岩原生铝质矿物特征和成因

粤东塌山含锡花岗斑岩以岩脉产出，侵位年龄１３８Ｍａ，含不等数量的原生铝质矿物，如红柱石、铁铝榴石、铁叶云母和白云母等。根据产出特征，红柱石被区分为两个世代，石榴子石分为三个结晶时期。结合全岩为过铝质（Ａ／ＮＫＣ＝１．２３４），高的Ｋ２Ｏ／Ｎａ２Ｏ（２．１５）、Ｒｂ／Ｓｒ（３．１０）、Ｋ／Ｒｂ（２１５）比和ＩＳｒ值（０．７１３１），低的εＮｄ（Ｔ）值（－７．４）和长石铅同位素组成相似于造山带铅演化模     

利用彭曼公式计算潜在蒸发的高度订正方法

英国学者H.L.彭曼推导的计算潜在蒸发公式,具有较可靠的物理基础和较精确的计算等优点,被国内、外学者广泛应用。 彭曼公式