南极阿德雷岛不同基底中真菌的分离培养及初步鉴定

为了探索南极真菌的多样性,进一步揭示其生态学角色和筛选有特定酶活性菌株,本研究对中国第27次南极科学考察采集自阿德雷岛的6份样品进行了真菌的分离培养及其胞外酶活性测定。从6份样品中共分离得到168株真菌,其中大型海藻腐烂物样品中分离到的真菌种类和数量最多,占所分离菌株总数的34.6%;对选取的15株代表菌株进行了真菌ITS1-5.8S-ITS2序列鉴定,结果表明它们分属于4个纲,8个属,其中青霉属5株,假散囊菌属、地丝菌属和枝孢属各2株,生赤壳属、曲霉属、出芽短梗霉属和unclassified Onygenales各 1株,该结果表明南极地区具有丰富的真菌物种多样性,其优势类群青霉菌。胞外酶测定显示产淀粉酶、蛋白酶和纤维素酶产生菌分别占供试菌株的64.6%、45.1%、14.6%,产纤维素酶的菌株可能在南极物质能量循环中扮演着重要角色。     

低温脂肪酶基因在巴斯德毕赤酵母中的高效表达

通过PCR技术扩增得到南极适冷菌低温脂肪酶基因lip-948,将其与表达载体pPIC9K连接后转化巴斯德毕赤酵母GS115,通过筛选得到高效表达低温脂肪酶的酵母菌株,该菌株发酵48 h后上清液中脂肪酶活力达到27.5 U·mL-1,普遍高于其他细菌低温脂肪酶在毕赤酵母中的表达活性.     

Characterization of SNAP-25 gene from marine teleostean, Lateolabrax japonicus

The t-SNARE protein SNAP-25 (synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa) plays an essential role in regulating fusion between the vesicle and plasma membranes during exocytosis. To clone and characterize SNAP-25 gene, the first step in the functional study of SNARE proteins in marine teleostean, was to obtain the cDNA of sea perch SNAP-25 (SPsn25) by RT-PCR and RACE-PCR amplification of a Japanese sea perch. The full-length cDNA of 831bp contains a CDS of 615 bp, coding 204 amino acid residues, and a 5′UTR of 219bp. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that SPsn25 corresponds with SNAP-25a isoform and shares 91.1% identity with SNAP-25a of a goldfish and a zebrafish. The SPsn25 expression in both mRNA and protein levels in the Japanese sea perch had been identified through semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western Blot assay. Together, these data again confirmed the nerve tissue specificity of the fish SNAP-25 gene expression.     

GPS车载导航系统技术趋势浅析

本文通过对GPS车载导航系统的构成及其国内外发展现状的分析,阐明了我国GPS车载导航系统将向信息终端融合化、交通信息实时化、信息服务平台化、数据更新网络化方向发展的技术趋势。     

地下管线普查、建库、管理系统一体化构想

城市地下管线的管理多年来一直是一个十分困难的问题，近年来随着地理信息系统技术的发展，使得地下管线的计算机化管理成为可能。本文对管线普查作业流程、数据标准、管线普查数据的自动化监理入库和自动化出图等重要环节作了深入的阐述。     

中国普通高中教育均等化及障碍因素分析

以中国31个省级行政单元为研究对象,从教育背景、教育投入、教育过程和教育结果4个方面构建指标体系,采用集对分析模型测度各省份普通高中教育均等化水平,运用障碍度分析法揭示阻碍各省份普通高中教育均等化水平提升的主要因素。研究表明：从综合均等度来看,普通高中教育均等化水平较高的省份集中在环渤海地区和江浙沪地区,其中北京市最高,河南省最低。从空间格局来看,各省份普通高中教育均等化水平有显著差异,总体上呈现“东-西-中”递减趋势。分析表明,P1（高中阶段毛入学率）、S3（高级职称专任教师比例）、S2（本科学历及以上专任教师比例）、P2（学校数量/万名学生）是影响各省份普通高中教育均等化水平提升的主要因素。     

Testing and improving the performance of the Common Land Model: A case study for the Gobi landscape

Land surface processes take place on the interface between the earth and atmosphere, exerting significant influences on the weather and climate. Correct modeling of these processes is important to numerical weather forecast and climate prediction. In order to obtain a more thorough understanding of the land surface processes over the Gobi landscape, we evaluated the performance of the Common Land Model (CoLM) at Dunhuang station in Gansu Province of China to determine whether the model formulation, driven by observational data, is capable of simulating surface fluxes over the underlying desert surface. In comparison with the enhanced observation data collected at Dunhuang station over the period 22–28 August 2008, the results showed that the surface albedo simulated by CoLM was larger than that in the observation, and the simulated surface temperature was lower than the observed. After the measured values were used to correct the surface albedo, the solar radiation absorbed by the ground surface was more consistent with the measurements. A new empirical relationship of the surface thermal exchange coefficient r_ah was used to modify the thermal aerodynamic impedance. The simulated soil surface temperature became significantly closer to the observed value, and the simulated surface sensible heat as well as net radiative fluxes were also improved.     

基于高分辨率模式的京津冀地区无人机航路风向风速模拟分析

随着中国低空空域的陆续开放,依靠现有的低空飞行气象保障技术为低空安全飞行提供服务略有不足,对飞行影响最大的风进行预报也有一定的困难。论文基于WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting Model)中尺度数值模式,对2015—2019年京津冀地区的风速风向进行模拟,并将模拟结果与气象站观测数据进行对比分析,可为该地区无人机低空航路飞行安全提供保障。结果表明:WRF模式能够较好地模拟风速的季节变化趋势,平原地区的模拟效果优于山区,山区模拟的风速偏大,但误差在可接受的范围内(RMSE<1.5 m·s^-1)。平均风速、最大风速最小值均出现在夏末,平均风速最大值出现在春季(山区4.43 m·s^-1、平原4.13 m·s^-1);最大风速在冬、春、夏初呈波动递增,夏季中旬开始减少,夏末秋初降至最小。京津冀地区风速呈西北向东南递减,泊头站(-0.02 m·s^-1·(5 a)^-1)和天津站(-0.02 m·s^-1·(5 a)^-1)平均风速呈下降趋势,其余站点风速呈上升趋势,唐山站上升率最大(0.08 m·s^-1·(5 a)^-1);在风速季节空间分布中,平均风速以上升趋势为主,站点所占比例为春季45.45%、夏季90.91%、秋季63.63%、冬季81.81%。平原地区盛行风呈东北—西南向;山区站点怀来站风向以WNW(18.70%)和W(15.01%)为主,蔚县站风向以N(16.79%)和NNW(12.03%)为主,相较于平原地区,山地地区风速8.0 m·s^-1的大风数量显著上升。1000 m高度的平原地区大风出现频率显著增加,增长速度高于山地地区,不利于无人机飞行,风速17.0 m·s^-1以上出现的概率明显高于山地地区。     

海藻糖类的气相色谱分析 Ⅲ.红藻糖苷的提取与测定

以气相色谱法分析红藻中游离低分子碳水化合物红藻糖苷。结果表明,红藻糖苷可以用80％的乙醇提取,然后用除色素除盐,经硅醚化后用气相色谱进行定性与定量分析;对于影响提取与硅醚化的各种因素进行了研讨,并与传统的苯酚硫酸法进行了比较。     

Study on low-temperature lipase of psychrophilic bacterium 2-5-10-1 isolated from deep sea of Southern Ocean

A strain of psychrophilic bacterium, 2-5-10-1, which produces low-temperature lipase, is isolated from the deep sea of Prydz Bay in Southern Ocean. The highest lipase secretion of this strain is observed at 5 ℃ and this temperature is also for optimal growth. Tween 80 and olive oil enhance secretion of lipase. The optimal temperature and pH for lipase activity are 35 ℃ and 7.5 ℃ respectively. At 0℃, the lipase still has 37% relative enzyme activity. The lipase shows high thermolability, more than 50% activity lost after incubation at 60 ℃ for 15 min. EDTA has no effect on lipase activity, indicating the lipase activity is independent of divalent cation. In contrast, the lipase activity is inhibited drastically by Cu2 and Zn2 .