普洱市宜居气候适宜性分析

气候舒适的程度及持续时间的长短,是影响旅游发展和人类居住环境适应性的重要因素。基于1981 2010年普洱市10个县区气象站的日平均气温、相对湿度及风速等常规气象观测资料,对季节划分、气温极值和平均气温空间分布进行了分析,计算舒适度指数(包括温湿指数、风寒指数、人体舒适度指数),研究了普洱市的宜居气候舒适性。结果表明:普洱市夏季90%的区域平均气温为20~24℃,仅有东部和中部少数河谷地带超过24℃;冬季90%的区域平均气温均在10℃以上。冬半年全市最低气温低于0℃的年平均日数不足1天,夏半年全市最高气温高于35.0℃的年平均日数不足4天。因此普洱市"冬无严寒、夏无酷暑",全年有6~9个月的春秋宜人气候,是典型的全年"人体感觉舒适"的宜居气候区,尤以夏半年最为舒适。近10年普洱市快速增长的旅游总人数和完成的GDP进一步说明普洱市的宜居和旅游的气候适宜性。     

Pedestrian network generation based on crowdsourced tracking data

ABSTRACT

Pedestrian networks play an important role in various applications, such as pedestrian navigation services and mobility modeling. This paper presents a novel method to extract pedestrian networks from crowdsourced tracking data based on a two-layer framework. This framework includes a walking pattern classification layer and a pedestrian network generation layer. In the first layer, we propose a multi-scale fractal dimension (MFD) algorithm in order to recognize the two different types of walking patterns: walking with a clear destination (WCD) or walking without a clear destination (WOCD). In the second layer, we generate the pedestrian network by combining the pedestrian regions and pedestrian paths. The pedestrian regions are extracted based on a modified connected component analysis (CCA) algorithm from the WOCD traces. We generate the pedestrian paths using a kernel density estimation (KDE)-based point clustering algorithm from the WCD traces. The pedestrian network generation results using two actual crowdsourced datasets show that the proposed method has good performance in both geometrical correctness and topological correctness.     

Operational Evaluation of the Quantitative Precipitation Estimation by a CINRAD-SA Dual Polarization Radar System

In this paper, the quantitative precipitation estimation based on hydrometeor classification (HCA-QPE) algorithm was proposed for the first operational S band dual-polarization radar promoted by the CINRAD/SA radar of China. The HCA-QPE algorithm, the localized Colorado State University-Hydrometeor Identification of Rainfall (CSU-HIDRO) and Joint Polarization Experiment (JPOLE) algorithms, and the dynamic Z-R relationships based on variational correction QPE (DRVC-QPE) algorithm were evaluated with the rainfall events from March 1 to October 30, 2017 in the Guangdong Province. The results indicated that even though the HCA-QPE algorithm did not use the observed rainfall data for correction, its estimation accuracy was better than that of the DRVC-QPE algorithm when the rainfall rate was greater than 5mm h^(-1); and the stronger the rainfall intensity, the greater the QPE improvement. And the HCA-QPE algorithm worked better than the localized CSU-HIDRO and JPOLE algorithms. This study preliminarily verified the improved accuracy of QPE by a dual-polarization radar system modified from CINRAD-SA radar.     

佳木斯地块东部二叠纪方山花岗岩体的锆石U—Pb年代学、地球化学特征及其地质意义

本文报道了佳木斯地块东部方山花岗岩体的锆石LA--ICP--MS U--Pb定年结果、全岩地球化学特征,确定了花岗质岩石的形成时代以及大地构造背景。花岗岩的锆石主要呈自形-半自形晶,振荡环带发育,Th/U在0.26~1.16之间,显示其典型的岩浆成因;测年结果表明这些花岗岩形成于早二叠世(278 Ma,277 Ma)。方山花岗岩呈现出弱过铝质高钾钙碱性的地球化学特征,这些岩石轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,具有Eu负异常,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K等),相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Zr和Ti)。该区花岗岩地球化学特征与佳木斯东缘二叠纪的美作、青山、楚山、柴河、石场、锦山等岩体相似,体现出火山弧型花岗岩的特征。结合区域研究资料,我们认为佳木斯地块东缘在早二叠世期间为活动大陆边缘。     

"云娜"台风的监视和预报

2004年“云娜”台风的监视和预报工作中，在应用常规天气资料的基础上加强了对历史热带气旋资料、天气雷达资料和过去对台风与台风暴雨分析预报研究成果的运用。在台风登陆前、登陆过程中和登陆后三个不同阶段中，应用多种资料进行有针对性的分析判断，并向防台风指挥部门及时提供信息服务，在防台工作中发挥了有效作用。，     

湖南新田锶矿泉水文地球化学分带特征分析

以湖南新田县大型富锶矿泉为研究对象,通过采样、水化学组分分析,运用ArcGIS、AquaChem软件揭示富锶地下水水化学组分、水化学类型及水平和垂向分带特征。结果表明:下降泉中锶元素含量具有很好的分带特征,但机井中锶的分带性较差,TDS与锶元素含量变化基本一致。下降泉、机井中离子的变异系数具有较好的一致性,Ca2+、HCO3 - 含量较为稳定,而Sr2+、Mg2+、Na+、SO4 2-、Cl-质量浓度变化较大,下降泉和机井的水动力环境均有较大变化,或含水岩组的差异性较明显。下降泉、机井中主要离子毫克当量数所占百分比排次相同,但其垂向变化范围较大,机井水化学组分受含水岩组和人类活动等因素影响较大,水化学类型也由下降泉单一的HCO3-Ca型水演变为HCO3-Ca型、HCO3-Ca·Mg型、HCO3-Na·Mg·Ca型等复杂水化学类型,表现出垂向上正向的地球化学分带特征。锶元素在垂向上的分带呈现出异常,在50~80 m深度达到最大值。      

基于MapReduce计算模型的气象资料处理调优试验

云计算技术使用分布式的计算技术实现了并行计算的计算能力和计算效率,解决了单机服务器计算能力低的问题。基于长序列历史资料所计算得出的气候标准值对于气象领域实时业务、准实时业务及科学研究中均具有重要的意义。由于长序列历史资料数据量大、运算逻辑较复杂,在传统单节点计算平台上进行整编计算耗时非常长。该文基于Hadoop分布式计算框架搭建了集群模式的云计算平台,以长序列历史资料作为源数据,基于MapReduce计算模型实现了部分整编算法,提高计算时效。同时,由于数据源本身具有文件个数多、单个文件小等特点,对数据源存储形式及数据文件大小进行改造,分别利用SequenceFile方式及文本文件合并方式对同一种场景进行计算时效对比测试,分别测试了10个文件合并、100个文件合并两种情况,使时效性得到了更大程度的提升。     

Vertical geochemical variations and arsenic mobilization in the shallow alluvial aquifers of the Chapai-Nawabganj District, northwestern Bangladesh: implication of siderite precipitation

Core sediments from three disturbed boreholes (JOR, GHAT, and RAJ) and two undisturbed boreholes (DW1 and DW2) were collected in the study area of the Chapai-Nawabganj district of northwestern Bangladesh for geochemical analyses. In the study area, groundwater samples from fourteen As-contained private wells and five nested piezometers at both the DW1 and DW2 boreholes were also collected and analyzed. The groundwater arsenic concentrations in the uppermost aquifer (10–40 m of depth) range from 3 to 315 μg/L (mean 47.73 ± 73.41 μg/L), while the arsenic content in sediments range from 2 to 14 mg/kg (mean 4.36 ± 3.34 mg/kg). An environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer was used to investigate the presence of major and trace elements in the sediments. Groundwaters in the study area are generally the Ca–HCO₃ type with high concentrations of As, but low levels of Fe, Mn, NO₃ ^? and SO ₄ ^?2 . The concentrations of As, Fe, Mn decrease with depth in the groundwater, showing vertical geochemical variations in the study area. Statistical analysis clearly shows that As is closely associated with Fe and Mn in the sediments of the JOR core (r = 0.87, p < 0.05 for Fe and r = 0.78, p < 0.05 for Mn) and GHAT core (r = 0.95, p < 0.05 for Fe and r = 0.93, p < 0.05 for Mn), while As is not correlated with Fe and Mn in groundwater. The comparatively low Fe and Mn concentrations in some groundwater and the ESEM image revealed that siderite precipitated as a secondary mineral on the surface of the sediment particles. The correlations along with results of sequential extraction experiments indicated that reductive dissolution of FeOOH and MnOOH represents a mechanism for releasing arsenic into the groundwater.     

青海共和盆地多石在沟河道沙丘现代风水交互过程

选择青海共和盆地多石在沟河道中6道新月形沙丘链作为研究对象,采用Trimble4700DGPS与常规测量手段,结合野外风沙观测与自动气象站数据,初步观测分析了2006年多石在沟河道沙丘在不同季节的形态变化过程,计算出2006年风季前比雨季后多石在沟河道沙丘体积减小了548.3m3,风积量为2351m3,流水的蚀平量为2899m3,2006年风水两相营力对河道沙丘的侵蚀贡献率约为45%∶55%,流水的搬运作用强于风力的堆积作用。但从较长的时间尺度来看,研究区的风力侵蚀作用强于流水侵蚀作用,河道沙丘不断增大。多石在沟河道沙丘是一个典型的风水交互作用系统,河道成为风力与流水交互作用的"中转站",在风水的交替作用下,沉积物由风积环境进入流水环境中。     

琼东南盆地高精度层序地层学研究

运用当代层序地层学的原理和方法, 综合分析了地震、测井、岩心等资料, 发现琼东南盆地经历了早期裂陷和晚期坳陷两大发育历程, 相应划分出TejasA和TejasB两个超层序组; 与盆地非海相、海相过渡相、生长断层、缓坡和被动大陆边缘背景演化阶段相匹配, 形成了5个超层序.以不整合及其与之可以对比的整合为三级层序边界, 识别出19个层序, 含5 7个体系域、5 4个以上准层序组、196个以上准层序.在盆地的不同演化阶段, 沉积层序的不同点主要在于低水位体系域包含的沉积体系不同.在恢复古地理环境的基础上, 提炼出有关沉积层序模式.根据可容纳空间分析, 编制了本区海平面升降曲线, 发现陵水中期、梅山早期和莺歌海早期三次大的海泛与全球变化完全合拍.在纵向上, 海进体系域至密集段生烃潜力最强, 空间上以外陆架-大陆坡最好, 其次为滨沼或海陆过渡相.指出了陆架坡折附近的低水位楔和斜坡扇是值得注意的隐蔽圈闭勘探目标.