勉略宁三角区晚太古代结晶基底特征

本文通过对原鱼洞子群的系统研究,将其解作为以太古界表壳岩为主体的鱼洞子岩群和太古代TTG高级变质片麻岩套,认为本区太古代结晶基底为花岗-绿岩-高级变质表壳岩地体,指出本区太古代已存在类刚性板块构造。     

渤海湾西岸晚第四纪海相地层划分及地质意义

BT113孔和BT114孔是位于渤海湾西岸地区的2个80 m全取心钻孔。通过对钻孔岩心的岩性、沉积构造及生物组合等特征分析,结合AMS¹⁴C和OSL（光释光）测年结果,揭示中更新世晚期以来本地区主要发育3个海相地层：自下而上为中更新统上部的第三海相地层（简称“海三”）、上更新统的第二海相地层（简称“海二”）和全新统的第一海相地层（简称“海一”）,指示中更新世晚期以来研究区发生的3次主要海面波动。与全球海面变化曲线对比,海三,海二和海一分别发育于MIS（深海氧同位素阶段）7、MIS5和MIS1的高海面时期,说明渤海湾西岸中更新晚期以来地层记录的海面变化趋势与全球变化一致。与前人的传统认识不同,认为受全球海面及渤海海峡地貌共同影响,MIS3时期研究区并未发生大范围海侵。通过多个钻孔的对比分析,3个海相地层在渤海湾西岸地区的分布较广,具有良好的可对比性,不同钻孔之间同一海相地层的高程和厚度的较大差异指示本地区在晚更新世期间发生较强的差异性沉降活动。     

植物种群资源竞争与共存的理论模型研究

自然生态系统不同植物种群之间存在着广泛的竞争,且多种植物种群可以共存,即具有生物多样性。经典的资源竞争模型(莫诺模型)支持生态学上的"竞争排斥原理",不适用于阐释自然生态系统不同植物种群间的竞争与共存。根据植物生态系统的特点,引入植物种群的生长率随着物种个体大小/个体数增加而逐渐趋于饱和的性质,建立自抑制资源竞争模型。该模型与莫诺模型的本质区别在于,物种的临界可利用资源随种群密度增加而上升,从而可以达到不同物种间的平衡。数学分析及数值模拟结果表明,该模型可允许多物种稳定共存(即共存的物种种类数可以多于供给其生长的资源种类数),同时优势物种随资源供给率增加而依次变化。     

夏季青藏高原与热带西太平洋下垫面热源异常对中国短期气候的影响

本文利用一个两层全球大气环流格点模式进行了控制试验、青藏高原地表反照率增加及热带西太平洋海温升高等三个数值试验,以研究夏季这两个地区下垫面热源异常对短期气候变化的影响。结果表明,高原地面热源减弱将造成海平面气压场上亚洲大陆低压减弱;高原及其以西地区500 hPa高度下降,黄河以北地区高度升高;同时高原地区、江淮流域以及黑龙江流域降水减少,但从北疆、内蒙到辽河流域以及我国西南局部和东南沿海地区降水增加。热带西太平洋海温异常带来的变化与此不同.文中还就下垫面热源异常在短期气候预测方面的可能应用等问题进行了讨论。     

Convective signals from surface measurements at ARM Tropical Western Pacific site: Manus

Madden?CJulian Oscillation (MJO) signals have been detected using highly sampled observations from the U.S. DOE ARM Climate Research Facility located at the Tropical Western Pacific Manus site. Using downwelling shortwave radiative fluxes and derived shortwave fractional sky cover, and the statistical tools of wavelet, cross wavelet, and Fourier spectrum power, we report finding major convective signals and their phase change from surface observations spanning from 1996 to 2006. Our findings are confirmed with the satellite-gauge combined values of precipitation from the NASA Global Precipitation Climatology Project and the NOAA interpolated outgoing longwave radiation for the same location. We find that the Manus MJO signal is weakest during the strongest 1997?C1998 El Ni?o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) year. A significant 3?C5-month lead in boreal winter is identified further between Manus MJO and NOAA NINO3.4 sea surface temperature (former leads latter). A striking inverse relationship is found also between the instantaneous synoptic and intraseasonal phenomena over Manus. To further study the interaction between intraseasonal and diurnal scale variability, we composite the diurnal cycle of cloudiness for 21-MJO events that have passed over Manus. Our diurnal composite analysis of shortwave and longwave fractional sky covers indicates that during the MJO peak (strong convection), the diurnal amplitude of cloudiness is reduced substantially, while the diurnal mean cloudiness reaches the highest value and there are no significant phase changes. We argue that the increasing diurnal mean and decreasing diurnal amplitude are caused by the systematic convective cloud formation that is associated with the wet phase of the MJO, while the diurnal phase is still regulated by the well-defined solar forcing. This confirms our previous finding of the anti-phase relationship between the synoptic and intraseasonal phenomena. The detection of the MJO over the Manus site provides further opportunities in using other ground-based remote sensing instruments to investigate the vertical distributions of clouds and radiative heatings of the MJO that currently is impossible from satellite observations.     

东亚季风气候对青藏高原隆升的敏感性研究

青藏高原隆起是东亚季风形成演化的决定因子之一.利用GCM(大气环流模式)完成的一系列改变青藏高原地形高度的数值试验说明,东亚季风气候变化非常敏感地响应于高原隆升.在高原隆升达到现代高度的一半之前,东亚大约30°N以北地区近地面冬夏反向意义下的季风现象是不存在的.高原隆升对东亚冬季风的影响远大于对夏季风的影响.即使没有青藏高原,仅受海陆热力对比的作用,中国东部地区夏季已能出现偏南风;然而只有在青藏高原存在,且达到一定高度的情况下,东亚北方地区冬季才能盛行偏北风.从温湿状况看,大约长江以北的东亚北方季风强度随高原高度上升几乎呈线性增加,冬夏温度对比不断加大,降水也越来越向夏季集中.但长江以南的东亚南方季风和印度季风与此明显不同,前者对高原隆升具有非线性响应,而后者在高原隆升过程中变化不大.     

巴彦淖尔市“8．16”局地大暴雨过程诊断分析

文章利用常规气象观测资料、数值预报产品和自动站资料,对2008年8月15-18日发生在巴彦淖尔市一次局地大暴雨天气过程进行诊断分析。结果表明：（1）在降水前期,位于贝湖脊下深厚的“高压盖”将500hPa西南水汽和700hPa东南水汽拦截在河套南部,为暴雨产生聚集了水汽;（2）从孟加拉湾经四川伸向巴彦淖尔市的高能、高湿舌,为暴。雨形成输送了潜在的不稳定能量;（3）西伸副高与东移的贝湖高压脊叠加建立的东高西低环流背景,为强降水在暴雨区滞留起到了阻挡作用：（4）500hPa西来小槽推开“高压盖”后产生的辐合上升区和700hPa切变线叠加后,与200hPa高空急流出口处左侧辐散槽区在巴彦淖尔市上空叠置,是形成暴雨的动力抬升条件,也是产生本次暴雨的触发机制。高、中、低层中、小尺度切变、辐散、辐合流场垂直叠置,高能、高湿、强辐合、强上升区同时具备,是本次暴雨的预报着眼点。     

区域气候与中国柳属物种多样性格局的关系研究

利用地理信息系统技术与空间统计相结合的方法,研究了柳属物种多样性在中国区域尺度上的空间分布格局,并且采用逐步广义线性回归分析方法研究了柳属物种多样性与主要气候因子的关系。结果表明:1)柳属物种多样性在中国的分布格局表现为区域广泛,局部聚集:聚集区分布在新疆阿勒泰地区、东北地区和西南地区,其中西南分布区的青藏高原与横断山脉毗连处为中国柳属物种多样性分布中心。2)柳属物种多样性在经度、纬度、气温、降水、蒸散量等气候气候因子一维格局上的分布随着因子梯度先增加后减小,均存在一个最适区间。3)柳属物种多样性与水分因子呈正相关、与能量因子呈负相关关系。水分因子是影响柳属物种多样性的主导因子,能量与水分间的交互作用对物种多样性影响微弱。4)结论部分地支持了水—热动态假说和生态位保守假说,但柳属物种多样性格局成因并非由任何单一假说来完全地解释,这表明其他因子如历史因素、地形异质性、土壤因素或扰动等也可能是形成柳属物种多样性格局的重要因素。     

Validation of the Polar MM5 for use in the simulation of the Arctic river basins

The simulations were performed using a modified mesoscale model,the Polar MM5,which was adapted for use within polar regions.The objective of the study was to illustrate the skill of the Polar MM5 in simulating atmospheric behavior over the Arctic river basins.Automatic weather station data,global atmospheric analyses,as well as near-surface and upper-air observations were used to verify the simulation. Parallel simulations of the Polar MM5 and the original MM5 within the period 19-29 April 1997 simula- tions revealed that Polar MM5 reproduced better near-surface variables forecasts than the original MM5 for the region located over the North American Arctic regions.The well predicted near-surface temperature and mixing ratio by the Polar MM5 confirmed the modified physical parameterization schemes that were used in this model are appropriate for the Arctic river regions.Then the extended evaluations of the Polar MM5 simulations over both the North American and Eurasian domains during 15 December 2002 to 15 May 2003 were then carried out.The time series plots and statistical analyses from the observations and the Polar MM5 simulations at 16 stations for the near-surface and vertical profiles at 850 hPa and 500 hPa variables were analyzed.The model was found to reproduce the observed atmospheric state both at magnitude and variability with a high degree of accuracy,especially for temperature and near-surface winds,although there was a slight cold bias that existed near the surface.     

Tropical Cyclone Cloud Image Segmentation by the B-Spline Histogram with Multi-Scale Transforms

An efficient tropical cyclone(TC) cloud image segmentation method is proposed by combining the curvelet transform,the cubic B-Spline curve,and the continuous wavelet transform.In order to enhance the global and local contrast of the original TC cloud image,a second-generation discrete curvelet transform is implemented for the original TC cloud image.Based on our prior work,the low frequency components are enhanced by using an incomplete Beta transform and the genetic algorithm in the curvelet domain. The...