大别地块中的非镁铁质超高压变质岩石及其地质意义

报道并描述了大别地块东南部几种新的非镁铁质超高压变质岩石，这些岩石的存在为区域规模的超高压变质作用提供了颇具说服力的证据。     

基于社会网络分析方法的二氧化碳地质封存风险传染特征研究

二氧化碳(CO₂)地质封存技术作为深度减排不可或缺的必要手段,对保护生态环境、推动全球中长期应对气候变化的国际合作以及推进社会绿色、循环、低碳发展具有重要意义。文章总结了二氧化碳地质封存项目全生命周期中可能出现的46个风险因素,运用社会网络分析方法构建风险网络关系模型,对二氧化碳地质封存项目风险因素间的传递作用关系进行了研究。通过风险网络整体与局部参数分析确定风险传递过程中的关键起始节点、关键致险节点、关键传递节点等关键因素,识别出三条潜在风险传递链：(1)地质灾害风险→CO₂供应、注入或运输意外中断风险→预期外的建设或操作成本变化风险;(2)操作人员知识不足或无相应资质风险→人为泄漏风险→项目对环境的破坏风险→公众参与风险→预期外的建设或操作成本变化风险;(3)部门协调不当风险→人才招聘和管理风险→操作人员知识不足或无相应资质风险→预期外的建设或操作成本变化风险。研究旨在为二氧化碳地质封存项目风险研究提供理论创新与技术参考,进而促进CO₂捕集、利用与封存项目的健康发展。     

我国温室气体本底浓度网络化观测的初步结果

CO₂和CH₄是《京都议定书》限排的主要温室气体。自1990年以来的长期观测表明, 我国青海瓦里关全球本底站大气CO₂和CH₄浓度与北半球中纬度地区其他一些本底站的同期观测结果具有可比性, 观测数据已成为WMO全球温室气体公报及国内外有关评估报告的重要参考依据; 我国4个区域本底站过去一年来的采样分析结果显示:北京上甸子、浙江临安、黑龙江龙凤山、湖北金沙大气CO₂和CH₄浓度明显高于同期瓦里关站的观测值, 表明4个区域站大气CO₂和CH₄受自然及人为活动的影响较大。迄今为止, 国内相关部门通过多种方式开展了温室气体浓度长期观测或短期科研, 各具优势和特点, 但力量相对分散、观测站稀少、侧重点和目标各异。为了全面掌握我国温室气体本底浓度时空变化, 了解不同区域大气受自然和人为活动影响的程度, 亟需相关部门分工协作、优势互补、资源共享, 尽快推进我国温室气体及相关微量成分的网络化观测分析和源汇反演模式系统建设, 进而测算、验证不同区域温室气体排放源和吸收汇的动态变化, 分析、评估各区域之间的输送和影响, 为我国应对气候变化的内政、外交提供决策支持。     

全国酸雨观测网纯水质量状况分析

2005年中国气象局下发的《酸雨观测业务规范》对各酸雨观测站的纯水质量提出了明确要求,从2006年起,年度酸雨观测业务质量考核中增加对纯水电导率（K值）的考核内容。文章对2006-2008年的各酸雨观测站纯水K值考核成绩和各站上报的纯水来源信息进行分析。结果显示：近3年来全站网纯水质量逐年改善,95%台站使用的纯水可以达到《酸雨观测业务规范》的要求,83.3%台站使用的纯水质量达到优秀成绩（电导率K＆lt;5μS.cm^-1）的水平。全站网的纯水来源呈现多样化特点,可以分为自制蒸馏水、市售饮用纯净水、医院自制水、其他单位自制水4类。市售饮用纯净水在台站的纯水来源中所占比例呈现增加趋势,医院自制水的使用比例相对下降。4类纯水水源中,瓶装饮用纯净水和医院自制蒸馏水的总体质量相对较好,而台站自制蒸馏水的质量情况相对不理想,其他单位自制水中的少数质量相对较差。     

桐柏北部宽坪群变泥质岩的变质作用研究

桐柏北部宽坪群发育一套由斜长角闪岩、变泥质岩、大理岩以及石英岩夹层组成的中级变质岩石。本文选取4个含石榴变泥质岩样品进行了详细的岩石学研究,其中回龙寺组的一个样品含有特征的十字石+蓝晶石组合,而左老庄组的一个样品则含有夕线石。回龙寺组样品中的石榴石均具有明显的进变质成分环带,而左老庄组样品中的石榴石均遭受到晚期低温扩散的影响,所以在计算其形成条件时选取了生长于峰期变质阶段的特定部位。运用传统的石榴石-黑云母-白云母-斜长石-石英地质温压计估算回龙寺组的变质p-T区间为590～610℃、0.95～1.14GPa,左老庄组为630～650℃、0.65～0.89GPa,分别相当于低角闪岩相和高角闪岩相。这一结果与变质反应曲线所限定的温压范围基本一致,并且后者中还存在由蓝晶石区域向相对高温低压的夕线石区域转变的过程。低-高角闪岩相的宽坪群与低角闪岩相的二郎坪群和麻粒岩相的秦岭群紧密伴生,且变质时代近于一致(440～400Ma),说明华北南缘在志留纪—早泥盆世发生了岛弧、微陆块与华北板块大陆边缘的碰撞造山作用。     

榴辉岩相的重新评价

给出了超基性，基性，泥质，长英质，硅质和碳酸盐等不系列岩石榴辉岩相的典型矿物组合，重新确认了榴辉岩相的存在，榴辉岩相的Ｐ－Ｔ区间大致为１．０－４．０ＧＰａ和４００－９００℃可进步划分出低温，中温，高温和超高压等４个亚相，除少数地区蓝片岩相在空间上可直接过渡为低温榴辉岩亚相外，榴辉岩相与其它变质相不构成相系，它们之间属相变关系，最后对榴辉岩相的复杂性进行了讨论。     

论甘孜丘洛成矿带微细浸染型金矿的成矿条件

甘孜丘洛成矿带微细浸染型金矿的成矿热液来自大气降水。矿化作用发生于燕山期的下渗雨水加热环流体系中。包裹体研究和热力学计算表明,成矿温度为93—306℃,成矿深度小于1km。矿化热液呈弱碱性,还原性较强,含盐度中等,贫氯富硫。Au以Au(HS)_2~-形式进行迁移,并在扩容减压带中沉淀富集。温度、压力降低和总硫活度减小是矿质沉淀的重要因素。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dated sediments from Green Bay and Lake Michigan

Sediment cores from two locations in Green Bay and two in lake Michigan were analyzed for 12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), loss-on-ignition (LOI),²¹⁰Pb,¹³⁷Cs, and⁷Be to study differences in deposition patterns between the freshwater estuary Green Bay, with several local sources, and the open Lake Michigan, dominated by atmospheric inputs. We found that the remote sites receive relatively less high-molecular weight PAHs such as ideno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and dibenz(ah)anthracene and are more depleted in anthracene and pyrene. This may be related to a low Henry’s law constant for the high molecular compounds and to selective photo-oxidation of anthracene and pyrene during transport. While sedimentation rates are higher in Green Bay than in the open lake, the PAH levels are generally comparable (0.3–8.5 μg g^?1) in the two areas. However, the highest PAH levels are found in a core from Green Bay (GB88G). The two Green Bay cores have total PAH concentration maxima in 1985, which appear to be related to the combustion of petroleum. Also, one Green Bay core (GB88G) and the two from Lake Michigan exhibit PAH maxima in the early 1950s in agreement with observations from other study areas. There is a significant correlation between total PAH and LOI, and thus total organic carbon, for the Green Bay cores, but little or no such correlation for the Lake Michigan cores. This may indicate that PAHs in Green Bay are effectively scavenged by settling detritus.     

Geology of the Grove Mountains in East Antarctica

Grove Mountains consists mainly of a series of high-grade (upper amphibolite to granulite facies) metamorphic rocks, including felsic granulite, granitic gneiss, mafic granulite lenses and charnockite, intruded by late tectonic gneissic granite and post-tectonic granodioritic veins. Geochemical analysis demonstrates that the charnockite, granitic gneiss and granite belonged to aluminous A type plutonic rocks, whereas the felsic and mafic granulite were from supracrustal materials as island-arc, oceanic island and middle oceanic ridge basalt. A few high-strained shear zones disperse in regional stable sub-horizontal foliated metamorphic rocks. Three generations of ductile deformation were identified, in which D₁ is related to the event before Pan-African age, D₂ corresponds to the regional granulite peak metamorphism, whereas D₃ reflects ductile extension in late Pan-African orogenic period. The metamorphic reactions from granitic gneiss indicate a single granulite facies event, but 3 steps from mafic granulite, with P-T condition of M1 800°C, 9.3×10⁵ Pa; M₂ 800–810°C, 6.4 × 10⁵ Pa; and M₃ 650°C have been recognized. The U-Pb age data from representative granitic gneiss indicate (529±14) Ma of peak metamorphism, (534±5) Ma of granite emplacement, and (501±7) Ma of post-tectonic granodioritic veins. All these evidences suggest that a huge Pan-African aged mobile belt exists in the East Antarctic Shield extending from Prydz Bay via Grove Mountains to the southern Prince Charles Mountains. This orogenic belt could be the final suture during the Gondwana Land assemblage.