Nonlinear Static Finite Element Stress Analysis of Pipe-in-Pipe Risers

Owing to the complexity of the pipe-in-pipe (PIP) riser system in structure, load and restraint, many problems arise in the structural analysis of the system. This paper presents a new method for nonlinear static finite element stress analysis of the PIP riser system. The finite element (FE) model of the PIP riser system is built via software AutoPIPE 6.1. According to the specialties of a variety of components in the PIP riser system, different elements are used so as to model the system accurately. Allowing for the complication in modeling the effects of seabed restraint, a technique based on the bilinear spring concept is developed to calculate the soil properties. Then, based on a pipeline project, the entire procedure of stress analysis is discussed in detail, including creation of an FE model, processing of input data and analysis of results. A wide range of loading schemes is investigated to ascertain that the stresses remain within the acceptable range of the pipe material strength. Finally, the effects of the location of flanges, the thermal expansion of submarine pipelines and the seabed restraint on stress distribution in the riser and expansion loop are studied, which are valuable for pipeline designers.     

Study on Key Technology of Using Shell Sand as Backfill for Sea Reclamation

1 .IntroductionEpicontinental sea or land could formfromcontinental shelf because of the decreasing sea levelduring Quaternary.There is a large-area shell sand deposit more than ten meters thick in the neriticzone of China .To use the abundant marine shell sandresource as engineering material for ocean engi-neering and port engineeringis veryimportant .Sand (Gred and Bjorn,1999) ,fine sand (Zhangetal .,2002) , mediumand coarse sand (Qiuet al .,1995) ,highly weathered stone ballast (Zhanetal…     

藓羽藻(Bryopsis hypnoides)核酮糖-1，5-二磷酸羧化酶／加氧酶的分离与活性测定

采用硫酸铵分部沉淀与凝胶过滤的方法，进行藓羽藻Rubisco的分离研究。结果表明，分离的藓羽藻Rubisco经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测呈两条清晰条带，分别为Rubisco大亚基与小亚基；与菠菜相比，藓羽藻Rubisco大亚基分子量与菠菜基本相同，而小亚基较之稍大一些。藓羽藻Rubisco活力测定结果表明，Rubisco分离过程中用硫酸铵分部沉淀后活力降低许多，分离后活力有所上升，但仍比粗提液活力弱；在Rubisco活力测定过程中，藓羽藻Rubisco的活化温度与其它物种Rubisco活化的温度不同，在低温下活化效果较好。这些结果说明Rubisco的酶活力受硫酸铵的影响而且藓羽藻Rubisco相对陆地高等植物结构不稳定。     

东海沿岸海区垂直环流及其温盐结构动力过程研究Ⅱ．温盐结构

对于本研究采用的动力学模型及其垂直环流的模拟结果已在第Ⅰ部分论述。作者将对与垂直环流对应的温、盐结构进行分析。温度和盐度模拟结果表明：冬季东海沿岸海区的温、盐分布均为近岸低、外海高;近岸温、盐呈垂直均匀分布,在外海出现分层,其温度为表层高、底层低,而盐度却为表层和底层高,中层偏低,长江口以南的近表层以下形成自近岸伸向外海的弱低盐水舌;长江冲淡水区及长江口以北和其以南外海的近表层有温、盐跃层生成,深底层温、盐呈均匀分布,且保持低温高盐特征;随着海区自北往南纬度的降低,岸坡和水深的增大及沿岸下降流的增强,温度和盐度自近岸至外海的垂直均匀分布跨度逐渐变窄;外海近表层的温、盐跃层强度自北至长江口逐渐增强,而自长江口至南逐渐减弱,其位置自北往南逐渐上移;冬季沿岸下降流使长江冲淡水区的盐跃层变厚。夏季海区的温度分布为近岸和外海高,近岸稍远出现冷水涌升,垂向上呈现显著分层,盐度分布为近岸低、外海高;长江冲淡水区及杭州湾以南外海的次表层存在温、盐跃层,其跃层以上出现混合层,且保持高温低盐特征,跃层以下温、盐大致呈均匀分布,并保持低温高盐特征;随着海区自南往北纬度的增高、岸坡和水深的减小及沿岸上升流自南至长江口和自长江口至北的增强和继而减弱,长江冲淡水区的温、盐跃层强度自南至长江口逐渐增强,而自长江口至北逐渐减弱,外海次表层的温、盐跃层强度却自南至长江口逐渐减弱,自长江口至北又逐渐增强,其温、盐跃层的位置自南往北逐渐上移;夏季沿岸上升流使长江冲淡水区的盐跃层变薄。     

Genetic relationship between Neobenedenia girellae and N. melleni inferred from 28S rRNA sequences

The fragments of 350 bp in 28S rRNA from the closely related monogenea of trematoda, Neobenedenia girellae and N. melleni are obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified using a couple of special primers and then sequenced. The results show that the comparison of 28S rRNA sequences, with only a base varying in 337 bp accounting for 0.3% genetic difference, from the relative species N. girellae and N. melleni parasitized on the different fishes in different farms displays that they possess a very high genetic similarity of 99.7%, higher than that of 99.41% for the single species N. melleni sampled in different areas, and the intraspecific divergence of N.melleni is 0.59%. Meanwhile, the interspecific differences between the two Neobenedenia and three Benedenia (i.e., B. lutjani, B. rohdei and B. seriolae) range from 2.08% tol 1.73%. In addition, UPGMA and MP molecular phylogenetic trees are constructed and proved to be consistent with each other. Though the morphological characteristics and the results of genetic diversity for the two Neobenedenia show a high similarity, whether they belong to a single species or not are still undefined, and the more genes of them should be further investigated, in combination with the systematical and detailed morphological study.     

冲绳海槽天然气水合物BSR的地震研究

根据多道地震反射资料分析,在冲绳海槽南部和中部发现了拟海底反射层(BSR)现象。通过对海底异常反射层的振幅特征、速度异常和AVO属性分析,说明该BSR可能反映了天然气水合物的存在,并发现冲绳海槽断层与天然气水合物的形成有密切关系。     

南海“耗氧”及“贫氧”水体中消耗氧与硝酸盐和磷酸盐再生比值估算

通过对南海深海区硝酸氮、活性磷酸盐垂直分布的研究,分析了南海垂向耗氧和贫氧水体中硝酸氮、活性磷酸盐和表观耗氧量之间的关系.结果表明垂向上次表层、中层和深层水团中氧的消耗与营养盐再生比值均小于理论值,由此推断水体的混合为有机物再矿化提供氧的补充,但水团混合对水柱中硝酸氮、活性磷酸盐的影响不大,在次表层和中层水团中造成营养盐浓度变化主要是由于有机物再矿化的结果;在深层水团中有机物再矿化对水柱中营养盐梯度变化已不占主导地位.     

胶州湾泛亚码头疏浚方案优选及悬浮物影响预测

采用有限元分步杂交方法,在已建潮流场的基础上,建立了胶州湾疏浚物悬浮泥沙的二维输运-扩散模型,并应用于胶州湾前湾港区泛亚码头工程疏浚区的疏浚物输运扩散的数值模拟预测。根据预测结果分析了泛亚码头疏浚区施工期间悬浮泥沙对附近海域水环境和生态环境的影响,并对不同的疏浚方案进行了优选。     

上新世——早更新世青藏高原北缘隆升的磁性地层学证据

对新疆叶城剖面西域砾岩及下伏第三纪地层的磁性地层学研究表明 ,西域砾岩的沉积时代为晚上新世至早更新世 ,磁性地层年龄为 3.5至 <1.8Ma。阿图什组沉积于早上新世 ,古地磁年龄为 4 .6～ 3.5 Ma。阿图什组以砂岩和粉砂岩为主夹薄层砾岩 ,为河流相及冲积扇前缘相。西域砾岩以厚层砾岩为主夹风成粉砂岩 ,为典型洪积—冲积扇堆积。西域砾岩的沉积反映了青藏高原北缘晚上新世至早更新世强烈的隆起和剥蚀     

下辽河平原—辽东湾的新构造运动

通过地质、地貌及地球物理资料分析研究,发现下辽河平原—辽东湾的新构造运动的主要特征除了断裂发育、火山活动早期剧烈而晚期衰弱、现代地震活跃以及地壳差异和反差升降运动明显之外,还显示了:(1)深大断裂的控制性,(2)沉降中心的迁移性,(3)构造运动的阶段性和旋回性.