全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9854篇 |
免费 | 2310篇 |
国内免费 | 3217篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1287篇 |
大气科学 | 1412篇 |
地球物理 | 2067篇 |
地质学 | 6379篇 |
海洋学 | 1774篇 |
天文学 | 201篇 |
综合类 | 852篇 |
自然地理 | 1409篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 111篇 |
2023年 | 347篇 |
2022年 | 699篇 |
2021年 | 759篇 |
2020年 | 646篇 |
2019年 | 710篇 |
2018年 | 671篇 |
2017年 | 610篇 |
2016年 | 676篇 |
2015年 | 622篇 |
2014年 | 644篇 |
2013年 | 720篇 |
2012年 | 759篇 |
2011年 | 693篇 |
2010年 | 752篇 |
2009年 | 675篇 |
2008年 | 696篇 |
2007年 | 645篇 |
2006年 | 531篇 |
2005年 | 448篇 |
2004年 | 398篇 |
2003年 | 334篇 |
2002年 | 482篇 |
2001年 | 379篇 |
2000年 | 309篇 |
1999年 | 259篇 |
1998年 | 138篇 |
1997年 | 97篇 |
1996年 | 81篇 |
1995年 | 83篇 |
1994年 | 77篇 |
1993年 | 64篇 |
1992年 | 64篇 |
1991年 | 30篇 |
1990年 | 39篇 |
1989年 | 19篇 |
1988年 | 17篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 4篇 |
1957年 | 4篇 |
1954年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 93 毫秒
993.
994.
995.
996.
文中材料采自黔北务川—正安—道真地区下二叠统大竹园组和梁山组。大竹园组孢粉化石类型单调,保存较差;而梁山组孢粉化石丰富,保存良好。孢粉组合特征为:(1)大竹园组包含丰富的Calamospora和Florinites及少量Torispora verrucosa,Gulisporites,Alisporites,Hamiapollenites和Striatopodocarpites,这一孢粉组合主要出现在上石炭统至下二叠统。按照大竹园组层位和孢粉化石特征,其地质时代应为早二叠世Asselian期—Artinskian期(相当于紫松期—隆林期)。(2)梁山组中可建立孢粉组合Laevigatosporites vulgaris-Gulisporites-Florinites ovalis,共计发现孢粉化石34属49种,其中蕨类植物孢子含量为51.6%~56.1%,裸子植物花粉含量为43.9%~48.4%。与大竹园组沉积时期相比,这一时期植被极为繁盛。根据孢粉组合特征,梁山组地质时代可能为早二叠世隆林期,即Kungurian期。 相似文献
997.
998.
Investigating soil thermodynamic parameters of the active layer on the northern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Ren Li Lin Zhao Tonghua Wu Yongjian Ding Yao Xiao Yongliang Jiao Yanhui Qin Yufei Xin Erji Du Guangyue Liu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(2):709-722
The soil thermodynamic parameters, including thermal conductivity, diffusivity and volumetric capacity within the active layer on the northern Tibetan Plateau, were calculated using the measured data of soil temperature gradient, heat flux, and moisture at four stations from October 2003 to September 2004. The results showed that the soil thermodynamic parameters exhibited clear seasonal fluctuation. The thermal conductivity and diffusivity in summer and autumn at Beiluhe, Kexinling, and Tongtianhe were larger than those in winter. The volumetric thermal capacity causes an opposite change; it was larger in autumn and winter than in summer. In spring, the soil thermal conductivity at the Kekexili station was larger than that in summer. Generally, fine-grained soils and lower saturation degrees in the topsoil might be a reason for the lower soil thermal conductivity in winter. For a given soil, soil moisture was the main factor influencing the thermodynamic parameters. The unfrozen water content that existed in frozen soils greatly affected the soil thermal conductivity, whose contribution rate was estimated to be 55 %. The thermodynamic parameters of frozen soils could be expressed as a function of soil temperature, volumetric ice content and soil salinity, while for the unfrozen ground the soil moisture content is the dominant factor for those thermal parameters. As for the soil thermal diffusivity, there exists a critical value of soil moisture content. When the soil moisture content becomes less than a critical value, the soil thermal diffusivity increases as the soil moisture content rises. 相似文献
999.
Significant boron isotope fractionation occurs in nature (?70 ‰ to +75 ‰) due to the high geochemical reactivity of boron and the large relative mass difference between 10B and 11B. Since the 1990s, reconstruction of ancient seawater pH using the isotopic composition of boron in bio-carbonates (δ 11Bcarb), and then calculation of the past pCO2 have become important issues for the international isotope geochemistry community, and are called the δ 11B-pH proxy. Although many achievements have been made by this proxy, various aspects of boron systematics require rigorous evaluation. Based on the previous researches, mechanism of boron isotope fractionation, variation of boron isotope (δ 11B) in nature (especially in bio-carbonates) and controlling factors of the δ 11B-pH proxy, such as the dissociation constant of B(OH)3 in seawater (pKa), the δ 11B of seawater (δ 11BSW), the boron isotopic fractionation factor between B(OH) 4 ? and B(OH)3 (α 4–3), and the incorporated species of boron into bio-carbonates, are reviewed in detail and the research directions of this proxy are proposed. Generally, the controversy about pKa, δ 11Bsw, and α 4–3 is relatively less, but whether boron incorporated into bio-carbonates only in the form of B(OH) 4 ? remains doubtful. In the future, it is required that the physicochemical processes that control boron incorporation into carbonates be rigorously characterized and that the related chemical and isotopic fractionation be quantified. It is also necessary and important to establish a “best-fit empirically equation” between δ 11Bcarb and pH of seawater based on the precipitation experiments of inorganic or culture experiments of corals or foraminifera. In addition, extended application of the δ 11B-pH proxy to the earlier part of the Phanerozoic relying on the Brachiopods is worthy of studying. Like other geochemical indicators, there are limiting factors of δ 11B; however, it remains a very powerful tool in the reconstruction of past seawater pH at present. 相似文献
1000.
Surface characterization of maize-straw-derived biochars and their sorption performance for MTBE and benzene 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Liwei Xiao Erping Bi Beibei Du Xiaoli Zhao Chen Xing 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(12):5195-5205
Biochars generated at various temperatures might show significant differences in sorption for organic contaminants. In this study, a series of biochars, generated from pyrolyzing maize straws at different temperatures, were systematically characterized. The characterization results showed that with increasing pyrolysis temperature, the surface areas, micropore areas and aromaticity of biochars were enhanced. Batch experiments were conducted to study methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and benzene sorption to biochars. The results indicated that the sorption capacity of benzene to biochars was higher than that of MTBE. The higher pyrolyzed temperature of biochars resulted in a stronger sorption affinity for target compounds, and the dominant sorption mechanisms varied for biochars pyrolyzed at different temperatures. The sorption to biochars pyrolyzed at 700 and 800 °C performed a high adsorption capacity, which indicated that they might be a promising sorbent to remove MTBE and benzene from water. Biochar pyrolyzed at 400 °C showed transitional sorption mechanisms from partition to adsorption for MTBE and benzene. Pore-filling was a possible sorption mechanism to biochars pyrolyzed at high temperature. 相似文献