Effects of engineering geological condition on response of suspension bridges

The geological condition may vary largely from one support to another for a long span bridge. The effect of geological variability and spatial variation produced by propagation and coherence loss of seismic ground motion on the response of long span suspension bridges is investigated in this article. The case of Jiangyin Yangtse River Bridge, a suspension bridge with a main span of 1385 m, is studied in detail. Numerical results show that the geological difference at the supports has a significant effect on the seismic response of long span suspension bridges and, that it is unacceptable to neglect the difference. The effect of the propagation of seismic ground motion on the response of long span suspension bridges is far more important than that of the coherence loss. The response of bridges varies greatly with the horizontal apparent velocity in a very complex way, and there is a critical horizontal velocity for a given response quantity.     

Geochemical study on oil-cracked gases and kerogen-cracked gases (II)—Discrimination methods between oil-cracked gases and kerogen-cracked gases

In the processes of discrimination between oil-cracked gases and kerogen-cracked gases, Behar and Pinzgofer et al.’s results were adopted in the former researches, in which the ratio of C₂/C₃ is basically a constant while the ratio of C₁/C₂ gradually increases in the course of primary cracking of kerogen. Otherwise in the course of secondary cracking of oil, the ratio of C₂/C₃ increases rapidly while C₁/C₂ keeps relatively stable. Our study on analogue experiment shows that, whether it is oil or kerogen, in its process of gas generating by cracking, the ratios of C₂/C₃, C₁/C₂ or C₁/C₃ will all be increased with the growth of thermal conditions. In comparison, the ratio of C₂/C₃, which is affected by genetic type to some comparatively less extent, mainly responds to the maturity of gases, while the value of C₂/C₃ is about 2, and that of C₂/iC₄ is about 10, and the corresponding value of R _o is about 1.5%–1.6%. The influence of gas source on C₂/C₃ is less than that of gas maturity, otherwise C₁/C₂ (or C₁/C₃) is obviously affected by cracking matrices. The ratios of C₁/C₂, C₁/C₃ of oil-cracked gases are less than that of kerogen-cracked gases, under the condition that the ratios of C₂/C₃ are similar in value, so are the value of dryness indexes. There exists wide diffidence between this view and the former discrimination method in theory. The analysis of the spot sample indicates that we can apply the above basic view to dealing efficiently with the problem of the discrimination between oil-cracked gas and kerogen-cracked gas.

     

Experimental study and constitutive modelling of elasto‐plastic damage in heat‐treated mortar

This study investigates the effect of a heat‐treatment upon the thermo‐mechanical behaviour of a model cement‐based material, i.e. a normalized mortar, with a (w/c) ratio of 0.5. First, a whole set of varied experimental results is provided, in order to either identify or validate a thermo‐mechanical constitutive model, presented in the second paper part. Experimental responses of both hydraulic and mechanical behaviour are given after different heating/cooling cycling levels (105, 200, 300, 400^°C). The reference state, used for comparison purposes, is taken after mass stabilization at 60^°C. Typical uniaxial compression tests are provided, and original triaxial deviatoric compressive test responses are also given. Hydraulic behaviour is identified simultaneously to triaxial deviatoric compressive loading through gas permeability K_gas assessment. K_gas is well correlated with volumetric strain evolution: gas permeability increases hugely when ε_v testifies of a dilatant material behaviour, instead of contractile from the test start. Finally, the thermo‐mechanical model, based on a thermodynamics approach, is identified using the experimental results on uniaxial and triaxial deviatoric compression. It is also positively validated at residual state for triaxial deviatoric compression, but also by using a different stress path in lateral extension, which is at the origin of noticeable plasticity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Application of RgMap system on digital regional geological survey

Digital geological mapping fundamentally broke through the traditional working pattern,successfully carried out the geological mapping digitalization.By using the RGMAP system to field digital geological mapping,the authors summarized the method of work and the work flow of the RGMAPGIS during the field geological survey.First,we prepared material,set up the PRB gallery,then put the geographic base map under the background maplayer and organizing the field hand map,forming the field factual datum map.At last,the geological space database is formed.     

双向定时近周日误差成分初步分析

该文介绍了利用地球同步卫星定位系统进行双向定时的基本原理,采用北京和乌鲁木齐两站的试验数据进行了计算分析,发现双向定时结果明显存在周期性变化,并且两地结果随地方时的变化趋势基本一致。谱分析表明:两站的主要周期谱基本一致,都比较明显地存在近周日和近半日变化。这种周期性变化可能主要由电离层延迟随地方时的变化引起。     

FY-4A GIIRS高时间分辨率温湿度廓线反演及其在台风中的应用

针对2020年第9号台风"美莎克"期间FY-4A 高光谱红外干涉式大气垂直探测仪GIIRS每15 min一次的目标区跟踪加密观测资料,用三维卷积神经网络算法反演的全天空大气温度、湿度廓线分析了台风处于生命史不同阶段时暖心结构和湿度场结构的演变特征。结果表明:卷积神经网络的深度机器学习算法可以用来反演全天空的三维大气温度和湿度垂直廓线,不光适用范围广(晴空和有云视场)、反演精度高,而且反演速度快。利用静止卫星平台高时间分辨率的特性,反演得到的温度、湿度廓线可以细致追踪台风处于发展、成熟和登陆等阶段时暖心结构和湿度场的时空演变特征。台风从发展阶段(热带风暴和强热带风暴)到成熟阶段至登陆消亡时,暖心首先出现在对流层中高层较薄的区域,随着台风强度的加强,深厚的暖心结构明显、强度增加,水平面积增大且垂直往下延伸。由于对流云中强上升气流的输送水汽正距平区逐渐上传至300 hPa,台风最强时密闭云区与四周下沉气流区比湿差高到8 K·kg^-1。暖心结构和高湿度中心随着台风登陆而逐渐消失。     

Wave Height Estimation from SAR Imagery

This paper presents a method developed for estimating wave height from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery without prior assumption of noise distribution. It is based on two-dimenslonal ocean wave spectra retrieved from fully calibrated SAR images. Wen‘s spectrum was used as first-guess wave spectrum in the retrieval process. Comparison of the estimated wave height obtained by this method from two ERS-1 SAR subimages dated 23 July 1994 with in-situ measurements showed that the method works well.     

论船舶物权变动登记之公信力

船舶物权变动采用登记公示方式,登记应当具有公信力,登记公信力制度的确立旨在保护第三人之利益。登记是制度创设,应该承认船舶登记的公信力以满足该制度之宗旨。船舶登记的对抗效力不影响登记公信力的存在,但该登记的公信力受到限制。     

基于网络的入侵检测系统分析与设计

分析了入侵检测系统及NIDS的基本原理.利用WinPcap驱动和Libnids技术在Windows环境下对网卡进行编程,从网络数据包的捕获和分析着手,设计并实现了一个网络入侵检测系统.     

Mapping of Regional Soil Salinities in Xinjiang and Strategies for Amelioration and Management

Information on the spatial distribution of soil salinity can be used as guidance in avoiding the continued degradation of land and water resources by better informing policy makers. However, most regional soil-salinity maps are produced through a conventional direct-linking method derived from historic observations. Such maps lack spatial details and are limited in describing the evolution of soil salinization in particular instances. To overcome these limitations, we employed a method that included an integrative hierarchical-sampling strategy(IHSS) and the Soil Land Inference Model(So LIM) to map soil salinity over a regional area. A fuzzy c-means(FCM) classifier is performed to generate three measures, comprising representative grade, representative area, and representative level(membership). IHSS employs these three measures to ascertain how many representative samples are appropriate. Through this synergetic assessment, representative samples are obtained and their soil-salinity values are measured. These samples are input to So LIM, which is constructed based on fuzzy logic, to calculate the soil-forming environmental similarities between representative samples and other locations. Finally, a detailed soil-salinity map is produced through an averaging function that is linearly weighted, which is used to integrate the soil salinity value and soil similarity. This case study, in the Uyghur Autonomous Region of Xinjiang of China, demonstrates that the employed method can produce soil salinity map at a higher level of spatial detail and accuracy. Twenty-three representative points are determined. The results show that 1) the prediction is appropriate in Kuqa Oasis(R2 = 0.70, RPD = 1.55, RMSE = 12.86) and Keriya Oasis(R2 = 0.75, RPD = 1.66, RMSE = 10.92), that in Fubei Oasis(R2 = 0.77, RPD = 2.01, RMSE = 6.32) perform little better than in those two oases, according to the evaluation criterion. 2) Based on all validation samples from three oases, accuracy estimation show the employed method(R2 = 0.74, RPD = 1.67, RMSE = 11.18) performed better than the multiple linear regression model(R2 = 0.60, RPD = 1.47, RMSE = 14.45). 3) The statistical result show that approximately half(48.07%) of the study area has changed to salt-affected soil, mainly distributed in downstream of oases, around lakes, on both sides of rivers and more serious in the southern than the northern Xinjiang. To deal with this issue, a couple of strategies involving soil-salinity monitoring, water management, and plant diversification are proposed, to reduce soil salinization. Finally, this study concludes that the employed method can serve as an alternative model for soil-salinity mapping on a large scale.