Ree geochemistry characteristics of stratigraphic samples in the abalieke region,Western Kunlun北大核心

The Abalieke region locats in the central section of the western Kunlun polymetallic (Pb, Zn, Cu, etc) ore belt, an area with major potential for further base metal deposit discoveries. This paper reports REE data for 82 samples from 8 stratigraphic sections for Huoshilafu formation in the Abalieke region. To attempt to solve the origin of ore-forming materials using REE geochemistry. Although total REE contents are quite variable ( Σ REE = 7. 52 × 10-6-220. 70 × 10-6, ΣLREE = 5. 82 × 10-6-198. 46 × 10-6, ΣHREE = 1. 49 × 10-6- 32. 74 × 10-6 and Y = 4. 77 × 10-6-91. 30 × 10-6) , chondrite-normalized REE patterns of the majority of samples are uniformly LREE-enriched (averaging ΣLREE/ΣHREE = 6. 57), with remarkably fractionation of LREE and HREE [averaging (La/Yb)N = 8. 20], slightly negative Eu anomalies (averaging δEu = 0. 77) and insignificant Ce anomalies (averaging δCe = 0. 88). The results demonstrate that REE characteristics of stratigraphic samples from Abalieke region are similar to those of rock and ore samples from other representative deposits (Tiekelike, Tamu, Kalangu, Tuokuziate) in the western Kunlun polymetallic ore belt, which indicate a close genetic relationship between the ore-forming materials and the host strata for the majority of deposits in this belt.     

Geochemistry and tectonic environment of amphiholites of the Zanhuang metamorphic complex北大核心

Amphibolites, one of the kinds of Precambrian basement rocks, are exposed in the south-middle Zanhuang Metamorphic Complex, central-south segment of the Trans-North China Orogen. These metamorphic rocks were carefully studied through field investigations and petrographical and geochemical analyses. It was found that protoliths of the Zanhuang amphibolites are calc-alkaline and tholeiitic rocks with a large range of ΣREE (41.38 × 10-6 -232.55 × 10-5 ) and weak LREE enrichment. The multi-element variation results showed that K, Rb and Ba were relatively concentrated, Nb and Ta were of evident depletion while Ti was of weak depletion. Geochemical characteristics and various relevant geochemical discrimination diagrams showed that the Zanhuang amphibolites were formed in volcanic arcs of continental margin similar to the current continental margin, which was resulted from the subduction between the Western Block and the Eastern Block.     

基于GIS的中山站至Dome A冰盖考察数据处理和信息提取

中山站至DomeA冰川学考察断面是国际ITASE计划的核心断面之一。首次利用GIS开展了该断面的数据处理与信息提取 ,采样点的布设与管理。介绍了ADD数字地图拼接与裁剪 ,野外数据和BEDMAP数据地理坐标投影变换的方法。利用ArcView内插等高线方法对GPS导航仪高程数据进行了校正。沿考察路线提取了BEDMAP的冰下基岩高程和冰厚度数据 ,以及冰盖表面的坡度与坡向数据。指出应进一步开展该断面以及兰伯特冰川盆地GIS应用研究。     

近年来我国泥石流灾害时空分布规律及成因分析

中国是世界上遭受泥石流灾害最为严重的国家之一,灾害发生数量大,造成的人员伤亡和财产损失较高,同时监测和防治难度极大。本文收集了2005-2015年间发生的全部泥石流灾害共计10 927起,对灾害发生时间、地点、灾害规模、灾害损失以及灾害成因进行了统计,发现泥石流灾害具有近年来发生数量明显下降、集中分布在西部和东南沿海省份、特大型和大型灾害损失最为惨重等时空分布特点及成灾特点。通过对具体案例剖析后发现,预警技术有待提高、山区城镇建设场地选址不当、多年来泥石流灾害防治标准偏低、震区灾害防治形势严峻、灾害防治意识淡薄为我国泥石流灾害危害严重的主要原因。同时,我国正在积极应对泥石流灾害的威胁,如：主动提高震区泥石流灾害防治标准,研发新型的拦挡技术;研发具备实时可视化等功能的监测预警系统,提高监测预警效率;提高群众防灾意识,大力发展群测群防监测预警体系;转变观念,将泥石流灾害防治与城镇化发展规划有机结合。     

黄海中南部近岸海域春季鱼类浮游生物群落空间格局研究

根据2015年春季在黄海中南部近岸海域进行的鱼类浮游生物大型浮游生物网水平拖网数据,采用生态多样性指数和多元统计分析等方法,研究了该海域鱼类浮游生物的种类组成和群落空间格局及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,本次调查共采集到鱼类浮游生物35种,其中鱼卵21种,仔稚鱼23种。鱼类浮游生物隶属于8目18科34属,优势种为鳀（Engraulis japonicus）、鲬（Platycephalus indicus）、鱼衔属（Callionymus spp.）和小黄鱼（Pseudosciaena polyactis）。其中,鳀和鱼衔属主要分布于海州湾渔场海域,鲬主要分布于吕泗渔场海域,小黄鱼多分布于吕泗渔场北部海域。生态类型包括半咸水型、沿岸型和近海型种类。聚类分析表明,鱼类浮游生物群落可划分为以鱼衔属、鳀为优势种的站位组A（主要分布于海州湾海域）、以小黄鱼、黄鲫（Setipinna taty）等为优势种的站位组B（主要位于江苏沿岸海域）和以鲬为优势种的站位组C（主要位于江苏沿岸-近海海域）,以站位组B的群落物种多样性指数和均匀度指数最高。各站位组的鱼类浮游生物的生态类型和适温类型组成不同,这与其所处的海域生境有关。典范对应分析（CCA）表明,影响春季黄海中南部鱼类浮游生物群落空间结构的主要环境因子为水深和表层温度。同时也受洋流、底质类型等多种因素的综合影响。研究结果初步揭示了黄海中南部近岸海域鱼类浮游生物群落的空间格局,可为今后科学制定该海域水产种质资源保护区、资源量化管理等资源养护管理措施提供科学依据与技术支撑。     

基于羟基自由基高级氧化快速杀灭锥状斯氏藻孢囊的研究

随着船舶压载水的转运,我国面临严重的外来入侵生物风险,其中部分赤潮藻形成的孢囊可成为赤潮的"种源",严重危害近岸海洋环境,因而快速有效地杀灭赤潮藻孢囊至关重要。本文利用大气压强电离放电高效生成的羟基自由基（·OH）,对典型赤潮藻锥状斯氏藻孢囊进行杀灭研究。采用萌发实验、SYTOX Green荧光染色法确定·OH杀灭锥状斯氏藻孢囊的阈值和时间,扫描电子显微镜观察孢囊的形态变化。结果表明,·OH杀灭孢囊的CT阈值为0.49 mg·min/L,时间为10 s,·OH氧化降解孢囊体内叶绿素,破坏DNA,抑制萌发,具有其他方法无法比拟的优势。因此,·OH快速杀灭赤潮藻孢囊的新方法,对防控外来入侵生物引发的海洋赤潮灾害具有重要的作用。     

南黄海绿潮暴发与紫菜养殖的关系

采用现场调查、社会调查和卫星遥感多种手段相结合,调查了南黄海绿潮早期零星漂浮到大面积暴发的时空变化过程,分析了紫菜养殖工艺对绿潮暴发的影响,估算了南黄海不同紫菜养殖区输入海洋的绿潮藻初始生物量,并探讨了主要海域紫菜养殖面积的增长与绿潮暴发的关系。结果表明,受紫菜养殖生产工艺的影响,数以千吨的绿潮藻在短期内被刮落集中输入至海洋,为绿潮的暴发提供了最为直接和充足的绿潮藻初始生物量,其主要来源为竹根沙、蒋家沙和东沙紫菜养殖区。2005年以来,上述3个养殖区的紫菜养殖面积持续扩大,是2007年以来南黄海绿潮持续暴发的主要原因。水温是影响绿潮形成的关键环境因素,4~6月份大量被刮落入海的绿潮藻在适宜环境条件下漂浮和快速生长,并最终形成绿潮。     

中西太平洋金枪鱼围网高产渔区年间变化及其原因分析

金枪鱼类是中西太平洋海域重要的经济鱼种,其中鲣产量约占到总产量的50%。本研究利用1995-2010年16年的中西太平洋（20°S~20°N,120°E~155°W）鲣围网生产统计数据和Niño3.4海区（5°S~5°N,120°~170°W）海表温度异常数据,对这16年鲣产量最高的十大渔区（5°×5°）进行时空格局分析,讨论渔场分布差异及CPUE与ENSO指数的关系。结果表明:16年间十大作业渔区主要分布在5°S~5°N、130°~175°E区域,这十大渔区产量占总产量的比重达47.5%,其中5°S~0°、155°~160°E,0°~5°N、130°~135°E,0°~5°N、135°~140°E及5°S~0°、160°~165°E等4个渔区产量占高产渔区产量的比重均超过10%,是中西太平洋重要的鲣产区。高产渔区的分布受海表温度影响较大,在厄尔尼诺时期,高产渔区分布明显偏东,主要分布在155°~180°E海域;在拉尼娜时期,高产渔区分布明显偏西,主要分布在130°~160°E海域。     

Sediment consolidation settlement of Chengbei Sea area in the northern Huanghe River subaqueous delta,China

One of the most important factors controlling the morphology of the modern Huanghe(Yellow) River delta is consolidation settlement, which is impacted by fast deposition, high water content, and low density of seafloor sediment. Consolidation settlement of the Huanghe River subaqueous delta was studied based on field data, laboratory experiments on 12 drill holes, and the one-dimensional consolidation theory. Results show that vertical sediment characteristics varied greatly in the rapidly forming sedimentary bodies of the modern Huanghe River subaqueous delta. Sediments in the upper parts of drill holes were coarser than those in the deeper parts, and other physical and mechanical properties changed accordingly. On the basis of the one-dimensional consolidation theory and drilling depth, the final consolidation settlement of drill holes was between 0.6 m and 2.8 m, and the mean settlement of unit depth was at 1.5–3.5 cm/m. It takes about 15–20 years for the consolidation degree to reach 90% and the average sedimentation rate within the overlying 50 m strata was at 5 cm/a to 12 cm/a. This study helps to forecast the final consolidation settlement and settlement rate of the modern Huanghe River subaqueous delta, which provides key geotechnical information for marine engineers.     

Effects of temperature and salinity on survival,growth and DNA methylation of juvenile Pacific abalone,Haliotis discus hannai Ino

Temperature and salinity are two of the most potent abiotic factors infl uencing marine mollusks.In this study,we investigated the individual and combined ef fects of temperature and salinity on the survival and growth of juvenile Pacifi c abalone,Haliotis discus hannai Ino,and also examined the DNA methylation alteration that may underpin the phenotypic variation of abalone exposed to dif ferent rearing conditions.The single-factor data showed that the suitable ranges of temperature and salinity were 16–28°C at a constant salinity of 32,and 24–40 at a constant temperature of 20°C,respectively.The two-factor data indicated that both survival and growth were signifi cantly af fected by temperature,salinity and their interaction.The optimal temperature-salinity combination for juveniles was 23–25°C and 30–36.To explore environment-induced DNA methylation alteration,the methylation-sensitive amplifi ed polymorphism(MSAP)technique was used to analyze the genomic methylation profi les of abalone reared in optimal and adverse conditions.Neither temperature nor salinity induced evident changes in the global methylation level,but 67 and 63 dif ferentially methylated loci were identifi ed in temperature and salinity treatments,respectively.The between-group eigen analysis also showed that both temperature and salinity could induce epigenetic dif ferentiation in H.discus hannai Ino.The results of our study provide optimal rearing conditions for juvenile H.discus hannai Ino,and represent the fi rst step toward revealing the epigenetic regulatory mechanism of abalone in response to thermal and salt stresses.