基于GIS的赣州市城区道路可达性研究

以赣州市中心城区为研究区域,收集处理研究区域内的道路交通网络数据,采用GIS空间分析和相关统计算法,计算出道路密度、道路服务指数2个可达性指标,通过指标模型结果对赣州市中心城区交通网络的可达性现状进行分析.研究结果表明,赣州市城区道路交通网络可达性与城市建成区之间的可达性呈现相对不均衡,中心城区之间道路密度仍具有提高空间,章贡区的可达性程度最高,与南康区具有连接成片的趋势,赣县区的可达性最低.研究结果对赣州市城区道路网络的优化和未来建设有一定指导作用.     

Hydrochemical regime and its mechanism in Yamzhog Yumco Basin,South Tibet

The hydrochemistry of alpine lakes reflects water characteristic and its response to climatic change. Over 300 water samples had been collected from 52 sites of 5 lakes and 7 inflowing rivers in the Yamzhog Yumco Basin, South Tibet, during 2009–2014, basing which the hydrochemical regime and its mechanism were analyzed along with the adoption of hydrological investigations in 1979 and 1984 as well. Results revealed that the waters were hard with weak alkalinity for the Yamzhog Yumco Basin. Most of them were fresh, and the rest were slightly saline. The hydrochemical types of 5 lakes (i.e., Lake Yamzhog Yum Co, Puma Yum Co, Bajiu Co, Kongmu Co, and Chen Co) were SO₄ ^2––HCO₃ ^––Mg²⁺–Na⁺, HCO₃ ^––SO₄ ^2––Mg²⁺–Ca²⁺, SO₄ ^2––Mg²⁺–Na⁺, SO₄ ^2––HCO₃ ^––Ca²⁺, and SO₄ ^2––Na⁺–Mg²⁺–Ca²⁺, respectively. As for rivers, HCO₃ ^– and SO₄ ^2– were the major anions, and Ca²⁺ was the dominant cation. Lake Yamzhog Yum Co, the largest lake in the basin, exhibited remarkable spatial variations in hydrochemistry at its surface but irregular changes with depth. The weathering of evaporates and carbonates, together with evaporation and crystallization, were the major mechanisms controlling the hydrochemistry of waters in the Yamzhog Yumco Basin. Global warming also had significant impacts on hydrochemical variations.     

Removal of Nitro Aromatic Compounds from 2,4,6‐Trinitrotoluene Red Water Using 1,2‐Ethanediamine Modified Macroporous Polystyrene Microspheres

To remove nitro aromatic compounds (NACs) from 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) red water, large‐pore‐size (pore size = 200 nm) polystyrene (PSt) microspheres were activated with chloroacetyl chloride followed by reaction with 1,2‐ethanediamine (EDA). Fourier transform IR analyses showed that the amino group was introduced onto PSt microspheres. Determination of the total amino group and primary amino densities suggested that the imino group was the functional group of EDA–PSt. Scanning electron microscope images and mercury porosimetry measurements indicated that the pore structure was well maintained during the reaction. After adsorption with EDA–PSt, 98.5% chemical oxygen demand and 99% acute toxicity of TNT red water was removed. As shown by HPLC and GC–MS, all the neutral and acid NACs in TNT red water were removed by EDA–PSt, while the basic NACs were not. The results showed that hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction were involved in adsorption. The adsorbed neutral and acid NACs were eluted using methanol and 0.1 mol L^?1 NaOH, respectively.     

Earthquake ground motion simulation with frequency-dependent soil properties

A one-dimensional earthquake ground motion simulation with frequency-dependent dynamic soil parameters, which include shear wave velocity and quality factor, is performed within the frequency band between 10⁻² and 30 Hz. For the simulation, the general frequency-dependent dynamic soil properties are obtained by using a new non-resonance technique on various soils. Comparisons between transfer functions involving frequency-dependent and -independent dynamic soil parameters indicate that soil amplification throughout the considered frequency range is sensitive to the values of the dynamic soil parameters, in particular to the quality factor. Simplification of frequency-dependent dynamic soil parameters into constants, which prevail as a convenient practice, incurs large amplitude distortion. This study therefore demonstrates that the dynamic properties of soils play an important role in the near surface earthquake ground motion analyses and need to be used in the same way as how they were measured.     

湘北仁里花岗伟晶岩型稀有金属矿床红外光谱特征研究及勘查应用

仁里铌钽多金属矿是近年来在江南隆起带内发现的一个超大型稀有金属矿床,仁里地区稀有金属找矿潜力巨大。本文采用红外光谱技术对仁里矿床钻孔ZK708、ZK716开展了矿物光谱填图工作,结合矿物镜下和地球化学分析,查明该矿床的蚀变矿物种类及组合,探讨了仁里矿床中典型蚀变矿物波谱特征与矿化之间的关系,构建了仁里矿床的红外光谱勘查模型,并对幕阜山西南缘地表进行热液蚀变中心的圈定。研究发现：(1)伟晶岩中白云母Pos2200 (2197~2198nm)异常低值,IC值异常高值(>3)可作为找矿指标;(2)通过对幕阜山西南缘地表白云母特征参数研究可知,幕阜山西南缘寒石村附近存在成矿有利区域,永享村东南为区域的热液蚀变中心。红外光谱技术可以有效地查明仁里地区的矿床蚀变分带和矿化中心,为幕阜山稀有金属矿床的进一步找矿勘查工作提供科学依据。

     

引进版地图中的地名表示方法探析

分析并探讨引进国外涉及地图的出版物时,在地名的表示上应该注意的问题,并提出五大应该遵守的标准和原则：须符合国家标准;须符合“名从主人”的原则;应从新从简,与时俱进;应秉承统一的体例;应坚持规范,使用权威工具书。这些原则的运用可以促进引进版地图地名表示的规范性。     

云南龙陵勐糯铅锌矿区成矿作用和成矿期次研究

本文在总结前人资料和大量野外地质调查工作基础上,运用光薄片鉴定、矿石结构构造及总体混合筛分结果,对勐糯铅锌矿矿区成矿作用进行了分析.认为区内矿床除受构造控制外,还明显受层位控制,矿体在含矿层位呈雁列脉状分布,一般矿床内表现为多层见矿一层为主的特点,且矿体在走向和倾向上尖灭再现现象明显.野外地质现象观察结果、室内光薄片鉴定成果和铅锌品位总体混合筛分实验结果显示,勐糯铅锌矿矿床的成矿期次划分为喷流沉积期,构造热液成矿期且热液期又可分为不同的两个成矿阶段,石英、重晶石硫化物成矿阶段和石英、碳酸盐成矿阶段.     

四川甘孜甲基卡锂矿地质—地球化学特征和找矿标志

通过对四川甘孜州甲基卡新三(X03)号脉锂矿地质矿产特征及所处区域、矿区的地球化学特征分析,初步总结了甲基卡锂矿的地质—地球化学特征和标志,以期为甲基卡矿田外围及同类型矿床的找矿提供技术示范.工作区内地层仅出露三叠系和第四系,且第四系覆盖达80%以上,找矿难度较大.锂(Li)、铍(Be)、铷(Rb)、铯(Cs)等稀有金属元素比重较小,化学活性强,尤其是锂易被粘土矿物吸附,故在土壤中锂含量增高,易形成次生晕,通过开展大比例尺土壤地球化学找矿工作,能迅速缩小找矿范围,圈定靶区,为发现稀有金属矿床起到重要的作用.     

塔南凹陷南屯组油藏类型及其分布特征

塔南凹陷南屯组现今的复合箕状断陷结构,是由盆地内部的多个断块、翘倾掀斜分割改造的缓坡—沉积中心—沉降中心—陡坡组成大型断陷盆地后形成的。通过构造、沉积、反演和试油资料的综合分析,发现区内油气藏类型及其展布受沉积过程、同生断层及后期构造的控制,与普通的陆相箕状断陷盆地明显不同。缓坡一侧的翘倾掀斜部位主要为三角洲前缘储集砂体,发育断层分割或遮挡的构造-岩性油气藏;沉积中心的储集砂体主要为远岸扇和三角洲前缘成因,多发育透镜状岩性油气藏和构造-岩性油气藏;在沉积和沉降中心之间的翘倾掀斜部位为远岸扇储集砂体,多发育透镜状岩性油气藏和背斜-岩性油气藏;陡坡一侧的沉降中心主要为近岸水下扇储集砂体,以透镜状岩性油气藏为主,也可见到上倾尖灭岩性油气藏和构造-岩性油气藏。     

超压背景下黏土矿物转化的优化模型

在黏土矿物转化的化学动力学模型中,大多数模型只考虑了温度、时间和流体介质的影响。然而,最近的一些研究表明,超压抑制黏土矿物的转化。考虑到超压对黏土矿物转化的抑制作用,建立了超压背景下黏土矿物转化的化学动力学模型,并用最优化方法确定了超压抑制因子,从而使伊/蒙混层中蒙皂石层质量分数模拟值与实测值的误差达到最小。为检验其合理性,将该模型分别应用于一个新生代盆地和一个中生代盆地。模拟结果表明:在超压地层中伊/蒙混层中蒙皂石层质量分数的模拟值与实测值吻合较好,在压力系数为1.2～1.7的地层中,超压对伊/蒙混层中蒙皂石层质量分数的抑制可达15%～20%。