南海礼乐盆地沉降史模拟及构造演化特征分析

通过对礼乐盆地构造沉降和总沉降变化的分析,结合盆地地质构造发育的特点,将盆地构造沉降幕式变化与盆地构造演化紧密关联起来,认为盆地的三幕构造沉降与盆地三个构造层的特点和形成演化的三个阶段相对应。同时,论述了区域构造运动与盆地构造沉降、构造特征、形成演化、沉积特征之间的内在联系,揭示了构造活动对沉积的控制作用。     

浙闽地区白垩纪中期古土壤类型与古气候

对浙江西南和福建西南数个小型沉积盆地的11个剖面和观察点进行了地质调查,在中国大陆第一次识别了白垩纪中期三种古土壤类型,分别是粘土红壤、钙质土壤和铁质土壤型。粘土红壤型以发育红色(粉砂质)泥岩、生物潜穴、植物根系(根迹)为特点,钙质土壤型以发育紫灰色调钙质泥岩、钙质结核(含姜结石)为标志,铁质土壤型显示了紫红和橙黄色调泥岩、粉砂岩与铁质皮壳及结核组合。进而提出,白垩纪中期的阿普特期-阿尔布时期,在浙江西南金华—衢州—丽水盆地、中部的永康盆地大量发育钙质土壤,以横山组、中戴组、金华组、馆头组和朝川组为代表,属于亚热带干旱—半干旱气候产物;在闽西南地区出现丰富的铁质氧化型土壤,由板头组、均口组和沙县组为代表,反映热带半干旱气候;之后的白垩纪中期赛诺曼期(衢县组)在浙西局部地区气候变为亚热带温湿气候,古土壤变为粘土红壤型,开始产生较为丰富的生物活动,而闽西南主体气候格局可能不变,但沉积建造因区域构造断隆作用转变为巨厚的"丹霞"砾岩。     

南黄海构造样式的特征与含油气性

新一轮国土资源大调查项目的地震资料揭示,南黄海不同构造层内发育各具特色及多种类型的构造样式,主要表现有压缩、伸展和反转构造样式,分别有基底卷入型的压性断块和冲断构造、挤压背斜构造、潜山构造、穹隆构造、张性断块构造以及断层扩展反转褶皱构造、盖层滑脱型褶皱反转构造、单条冲断系负反转构造等。本文着重从剖面形态和平面展布分析各构造样式的特征,追溯它们在时、空上的相互联系和叠置关系,阐述印支、燕山和喜马拉雅运动对构造样式的作用,认为这些构造样式是地壳挤压、伸展和走滑联合作用的结果,并探讨了油气赋存的规律。     

试论西藏南部上三叠统复理石郎杰学群与涅如组

根据新资料结合前人的研究成果对西藏南部仁布以东上三叠统复理石两套地层郎杰学群和涅如组的岩层特征、化石面貌、碎屑组成、沉积特性、地球化学等方面进行了总结及分析.对比研究结果显示,除亚相、岩层厚度分布、砂岩与板岩比例、重矿物ZTR指数变化趋势有一定的差异外,郎杰学群和涅如组的其他十余项特性(颜色、岩性、碎屑组分、重矿物组成...     

高岭石对稠油氧化影响的DTA-TG分析

运用NETZSCH STA 409PC同步热分析仪针对新疆克拉玛依油田红浅扩大试验区中的稠油样品在氧化过程中高岭石的影响,分析测试。研究结果表明,高岭石的加入影响了稠油的低温及高温氧化反应,使稠油的低温氧化DTA峰值温度从437.6℃增加为455.4℃;高温氧化DTA峰面积显著减小,峰值从607.8℃减小为597.8℃;高岭石含量的增加,有利于降低稠油的低温,高温氧化的DTA峰值温度。随着升温速率的增加,混合样品中稠油的低温,高温氧化及高岭石脱羟基反应呈现为动力学过程。研究结果有助于深入认识原油的氧化过程,对提高采收率和推动稠油油藏的有效开发具有重要的意义。     

基于等转化法及多元非线性拟合的高岭石非等温脱羟基动力学分析

采用Netzsch STA409PC同步热分析仪研究了苏州高岭石(KW125)在30℃~1 200℃间的热分解过程。采用"Netzsch Thermokinetics software"软件对其脱羟基机理进行了非等温动力学研究。基于等转化法评价了反应活化能及反应进程的依存关系。基于多元非线性拟合确定了最可能反应机理及动力学参数。研究结果表明:苏州高岭石在30℃~1200℃温度范围的热分解为脱羟基与相转变等两个阶段。其脱羟基(30℃~800℃)过程中活化能呈现三个变化:197.68 kJ/mol±12.95 kJ/mol→181.04kJ/mol±18.98kJ/mol→269.7kJ/mol±14.64kJ/mol。脱羟基反应遵循三步连续反应模型t:f,f;(D3-Fn-Fn),一个三维扩散(D3)反应,然后是两个n序列(Fn)反应。第一步,f(α)=3(1-α)^2/3/(2(1-(1-α)^1/3),E1=185.27 kJ/mol,logA=10.83s^-1;第二步,f(α)=(1-α)^n,n=1.75,E2=187.81 kJ/mol,logA=10.32s^-1;第三步,f(α)=(1-α)^n,n=4.4,E3=262.70 kJ/mol,logA=13.26s^-1。     

西藏聂拉木地区纳兴组深切谷充填序列特征及意义

西藏聂拉木地区纳兴组深切谷充填序列特征及意义李祥辉，王成善（成都理工学院，成都６１００５９）关键词充填序列，深切谷，纳兴组，亚里，聂拉木研究区纳兴组下部深切谷体系发育于西藏南部珠穆朗玛峰与希夏邦马峰之间地区，剖面位置西距希夏邦马峰约３５ｋｍ，位于聂拉...     

Devonian Sequence Stratigraphy and Relative Sea Level Changes in Longmenshan Area, Sichuan

INTRODUCTIONSituatedatthewesternmarginofYangtzeplatformthetongTnenshanareaisborderedbyWeStQiulingfoldbeltonthenorthandbyBayanHar--Shalutifoldzoneonthewest(Wang,1985).InEarlyPajeozoicit~aNE--strikeaulacogenandacceptedvariousmarinesedimentsinLatePaleozoic.SinCeMesozoicitchangedintoacomplexthrustbelt,wheremoststrataofthepre--MeSozoichavebeenerodedablyduetotheupliftoftheQinghai--XIZangcyibet)Plateau.However,theDevonianaboundswithfossilsandisWellpreservedintheTangwangZhaiandYangtian…     

西藏最新非碳酸盐海相沉积及其对新特提斯关闭的意义

西藏南部珠穆朗玛峰北部的定日遮普惹山地区存在一套与过去斩最新海相沉积不同的新地层－朋曲组。它与下伏遮普惹组呈整合接触，与上覆第四系呈不整合，识别的钙质微化石带NP15、NP16和NP20将本区的最高海相层位提高到了始新世普里亚本末期（31Ma），较之过去的认识推了迟16－19Ma，朋曲线为一套非碳酸盐沉积厚约180m，分为下部黄绿色页岩含砂岩和上部紫红色砂页岩两部分，系入海三角洲相。该套最新非碳酸盐海相沉积对东段新特提斯的关闭时间和方式具有重要参考价值，并概括为：（1）始新世鲁帝特期初期（巴基斯坦北部和印度西北部）→（2）普里亚本末期（西藏南部的仲巴－定日）（－岗巴））→（3）渐新世末期（塔里木海湾＋印度－缅甸山岭地区－安达曼岛弧）→（4）中新世早期的末期（巴基斯坦Katawaz残留盆地）。     

Crustal P-wave velocity structure in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and insights into crustal deformation

The transitional area between the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Ordos Block and Alxa Block,also being the northern segment of the North-South Seismic Belt, is characterized by considerably high seismicity level and high risk of strong earthquakes. In view of the special tectonic environment and deep tectonic setting in this area, this study used two seismic wide-angle reflection/refraction cross profiles for double constraining, so as to more reliably obtain the fine-scale velocity structure characteristics in both the shallow and deep crust of individual blocks and their boundaries in the study area,and further discuss the seismogenic environment in seismic zones with strong historical earthquakes. In this paper, the P-wave data from the two profiles are processed and interpreted, and two-dimensional crustal velocity structure models along the two profiles are constructed by travel time forward modeling. The results show that there are great differences in velocity structure,shape of intra-crustal interfaces and crustal thickness among different blocks sampled by the two seismic profiles. The crustal thickness along the Lanzhou-Huianbu-Yulin seismic sounding profile(L1) increases from ~43 km in the western margin of Ordos Block to ~56 km in the Qilian Block to the west. In the Ordos Block, the velocity contours vary gently, and the average velocity of the crust is about 6.30 km s-1; On the other hand, the velocity structures in the crust of the Qilian Block and the arclike tectonic zone vary dramatically, and the average crustal velocities in these areas are about 0.10 km s-1 lower than that of the Ordos Block. In addition, discontinuous low-velocity bodies(LVZ1 and LVZ2) are identified in the crust of the Qilian Block and the arc-like tectonic zone, the velocity of which is 0.10–0.20 km s-1 lower than that of the surroundings. The average crustal thickness of the Ordos Block is consistently estimated to be around 43 km along both Profile L2(Tongchuan-Huianbu-Alashan left banner seismic sounding profile) and Profile L1. In contrast to the gently varying intra-crustal interfaces and velocity contours in the Ordos Block along Profile L1, which is a typical structure characteristic of stable cratons, the crustal structure in the Ordos Block along Profile L2 exhibits rather complex variations. This indicates the presence of significant structural differences in the crust within the Ordos Block. The crustal structure of the Helan Mountain Qilian Block and the Yinchuan Basin is featured by "uplift and depression" undulations, showing the characteristics of localized compressional deformation.Moreover, there are low-velocity zones with alternative high and low velocities in the middle and lower crust beneath the Helan Mountain, where the velocity is about 0.15–0.25 km s-1 lower than that of the surrounding areas. The crustal thickness of the Alxa Block is about 49 km, and the velocity contours in the upper and middle-lower crust of the block vary significantly. The complex crustal velocity structure images along the two seismic sounding profiles L1 and L2 reveal considerable structural differences among different tectonic blocks, their coupling relationships and velocity structural features in the seismic zones where strong historical earthquakes occurred. The imaging result of this study provides fine-scale crustal structure information for further understanding the seismogenic environment and mechanism in the study area.