基于光谱分析的MODIS云检测算法的研究

在总结云、陆地、植被、水体等目标光谱特性以及云和不同目标间光谱差异的基础上,改进了一种下垫面多光谱云检测算法,并采用MODIS影响进行了试验.试验结果表明,此改进方法行之有效.     

Calculating Pollution Indices by Heavy Metals in Ecological Geochemistry Assessment and a Case Study in Parks of Beijing

Pollution index is a powerful tool for ecological geochemistry assessment. The commonly used pollution indices by heavy metals in soils and sediments were classified as two types of single index and integrated index in an algorithm point of view. Four single indices of contamination factor (or concentration factor), ecological risk factor, enrichment factor, and index of geo-accumulation were illustrated, and the reference values for calculating single indices were distinguished into background levels and threshold pollution values. Eight integrated indices were divided into two groups. One group is suitable for the normal distribution single indices including the sum, average, weighted average,vector modulus, and Nemerow pollution indices, and the other for log-normal distribution including the product, root of product, and weighted power product pollution indices. Using background levels as reference values, five contamination classes were divided, and the terminologies are suggested for the single and integrated indices to unify the assessment results. Software of EGAPI was developed in a single document interface to calculate the four single and eight integrated indices by heavy metals to assess the quality of soil and sediment ecological geochemistry. Pollution indices by heavy metals of Cu,Pb, and Zn in soils in parks of Beijing were calculated using EGAPI software, and these five contamination classes and terminologies suggested in this study were evaluated and used. Results ofintegrated indices of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils indicated that the soil qualities are unpolluted as a whole and varied from low polluted to unpolluted status from the center to the outskirts of Beijing City.     

一种基于启发式算法的等高线局部内插方法

在基于启发式内插等高线算法的基础上提出了一种局部内插方法。首先利用Douglas-Peucker算法提取等高线的特征点,根据特征点判断等高线之间的相似性程度,找出导致等高线出现异常的特征点;然后将相似性程度很低的两条等高线自动分解为若干简单等高线再进行内插。有效地解决了局部弯曲很大、马鞍型地貌等复杂等高线的内插问题。算法已经在以Microstation为平台的数字制图系统中实现并逐渐实用化。     

基于GIS的区域经济统计分析系统的设计与实现

随着经济的发展,区域间经济相互作用和影响的关系越来越密切,忽略空间相互作用的传统区域经济分析手段和方法开始显现出一些明显的不足。而GIS在处理和分析区域地理数据上具有强大的空间分析能力,为此我们引入GIS工具对区域经济进行分析,相较于传统的分析手法有了很大改善。本文以江西省区域经济数据为例,设计了一个基于GIS的区域经济统计分析系统,并利用Arcob-jects二次开发控件结合VB可视化编程语言,实现了大部分区域经济统计分析功能,最后并将结果进行网络发布。研究结果表明将GIS引入到区域经济统计分析中,更能正确、有效的揭示区域经济发展在空间上的联系,为区域经济研究决策提供服务。     

δ13c-δ18O Covariance:An Effective Indicator of Hydrological Closure for Lakes?

The correlation between the Δ13c and 18O in primary carbonates is affected by several factors such as hydrological balance, total CO2 concentrations, climatic condition and lake productivity.The influence of these factors on the Δ13c-δ18 correlation may be different on different time scales. In this paper, two different-type lakes in southwestern China, Lake Erhal and Lake Chenghai, are selected to investigate the influence of climatic pattern on the Δ13c-Δ18o correlation and to evaluate the reliability of the Δ13c-Δ18o covariance as an indicator of hydrological closure. The results show that there exists good correlation between the Δ13c and Δ18o in Lake Erhai (overflowing open lake) and inLake Chenghal (closed lake). This suggests that the Δ13c-Δ18o covariance may be not an effective indicator of hydrological closure for lakes, especially on short time scales. On the one hand, a hydrologically open lake may display covariant Δ13c and δ18 as a result of climatic influence. The particular alternate warm-dry and cold-wet climatic pattern in southwestern China may be the principal cause of the Δ13c-δ18 covariance in Lake Erhai and Lake Chenghal. On the other hand, a hydrologically closed lake unnecessarily displays covariant trends between Δ13c and δ18 because of the buffering effect of high CO2 concentration on the Δ13c shift in hyper-alkaline lakes. We should be the buffering feeect of high CO2 concentration on the 13Cshift in hyper-alkaline lakes.We should be prudent when we use the covariance between 13C and 18O to judge the hydrological closure of lake.     

地震瞬时属性分析技术在岩溶勘查中的应用

介绍地震瞬时属性分析技术的原理及处理方法,分别对岩溶在地震剖面、瞬时振幅剖面、瞬时频率剖面、瞬时相位剖面上的表现特征作了说明.并结合实际资料进行多参数解释,进而确定地下岩溶的发育情况、分布范围和规模,同时对异常进行钻井验证,结果表明,地震瞬时属性分析技术比常规地震处理方法能更好地排除干扰,确定岩溶异常.     

现代地图语言

地图符号发展到今天,已经超越了其符号本身,应当把它当作一种语言来研究,即地图语言。地图语言使人们使用地图进行空间认识更加贴近现实,使地理空间信息的传输更加准确、生动和形象。文中主要对现代地图语言的形成,现代地图语言的主要表现形式即视觉符号、听觉符号和触觉符号,以及地图语言的本质即视觉变量、听觉变量和触觉变量进行了探讨。     

盆地地下水系统的数值模拟研究——以山西灵石静升盆地为例

以山西灵石静升盆地为例,选择三维流数学模型,合理刻画了模型边界,利用CFC定年技术对模型进行识别校正,提高了模型仿真程度,构建了适合盆地地下水系统的数值模型.最后对不同水平年盆地水动力特征进行了输出分析.     

国家标准《国家基本比例尺地图编绘规范第1部分:1∶25 000 1∶50 000 1∶1 00 000地形图》修订说明

改变传统的地形图缩编工艺,利用已有的地形数据进行较小比例尺地形图的编绘已成为当前内业制图的主要作业方法。因此修订有关地形图编绘规范标准时应在编绘的作业方法与技术规定等方面适应数字地形图缩编的要求。介绍了该系列标准的结构调整及标准修订工作情况,提出了标准的修订原则,并对标准的修订进行了说明。