榍石的高压结构研究

利用同步辐射和金刚石压腔(DAC)技术对天然矿物榍石进行原位高压能散模式X射线实验研究,结果表明榍石在3.9 GPa和10.9 GPa分别发生P 21/a→A 2/a和A 2/a→A 1结构相变,并首次确定10.9 GPa→25.1 GPa榍石结构很可能稳定保持A 1相。基于此认为榍石能在地球较深部位稳定存在,此外,本研究对探索地球深部T i和S i元素的地球化学行为也有一定帮助作用。     

2007年宁洱6.4级地震研究

根据云南宁洱地区地质构造、 历史强震资料、 云南监测中心区域台及现场流动台数字化观测台网测定的2007年宁洱6.4级地震序列资料及1970年以来宁洱地区6级地震序列等, 深入分析研究了宁洱地区中强地震活动规律、 宁洱6.4级地震的余震时空展布以及参数变化等特征, 并利用2007年宁洱6.4级地震地震现场数字化观测流动台测定的余震波资料研究了该序列地震波动力学特征。 研究结果认为, 宁洱6级地震活动在空间上具有较高的原地重复性, 在时间上具有强弱交替活动的韵律; 2007年6月3日宁洱6.4级地震的余震展布方向与穿过震区NW向宁洱断裂的走向大致一致, 宁洱6.4级地震可能是由无量山断裂活动构造加剧所引起;根据2007年6月3日宁洱6.4级地震序列及历次宁洱6级地震序列时序发展特征分析研究得出, 宁洱6.4级地震序列能量主要集中在震后3天内释放, 4.9级以上余震发生在主震当天, 地震序列早期参数和3.0级以上余震的垂直方向P波最大振幅与S波最大振幅非线性关系等显示, 宁洱6.4级地震序列具有较明显的主-余震型特征。     

中国陆上叠合盆地中下组合油气成藏条件及勘探潜力

简要阐述了中国陆上主要叠合盆地中下组合烃源岩、储层和油气藏分布等基本油气地质特征,指出了进一步勘探的领域。认为:叠合盆地中下组合普遍发育有利烃源岩,成熟度普遍较高,因而以生气为主;具有多期成藏特点,且以晚期为主;叠合盆地中下组合发育碳酸盐岩、火山岩、砂砾岩与变质岩四大类储层,它们的储集物性受埋深影响较小,在较大埋深下仍可发育优质储层;叠合盆地中下组合油气藏以岩性、地层及复合型为主,相态复杂,是多期成藏的结果;叠合盆地中下组合油气分布与古隆起发育、沉积或火山相带以及断裂带、不整合面发育密切相关;叠合盆地中下组合是中国陆上含油气盆地未来勘探的重点领域之一。     

基于EC-2T的黔西南州春季静止锋气温预报研究

对近5a（2015-2019年）发生在黔西南的滇黔准静止锋个例进行统计整理,分析滇黔准静止锋不同类型下在黔西南出现的规律及其附近要素分布特征,结合黔西南州8个站点气温实况数据和EC-2T预报,采用偏差订正法,建立订正方程。结果表明：近5a中,2019年春季出现静止锋天数最多,2016年春季出现静止锋天数最少,以3月出现次数为最多;黔西南州位于锋后冷气团内的天数最多（Ⅰ型）,位于锋前的暖气团中（ Ⅱ型）最少;弱静止锋出现天数最多,强静止锋出现天数最少,以3月出现强静止锋天数为最多;在滇黔准静止锋附近,各气象要素分布呈现不同的特征,即最高和最低气温空间基本呈现“东南高北低”的分布特征,雨日空间基本呈现“西高东南低”的分布特征;建立订正方程订正后,黔西南州春季静止锋最高气温在各月预报准确率均有所提高。     

A numerical study of the interaction between two simultaneous storms: Goni and Morakot in September 2009

Significant anomalous tracks were observed when the severe tropical storm Goni(0907) and typhoon Morakot(0908) in September 2009 were evaluated in short distances.The relationship between the two is regarded as a case of binary interaction.Based on an MM5 model(fifth-generation mesoscale model of Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research),in this study a series of sensitivity experiments were designed to determine the binary interaction between them.The sensitivity of the storm characteristics to the binary interaction was demonstrated through modeling experiments with different TC intensities and sizes based on the bogus vortices initialization.Furthermore,the contributions of large-scale environmental flow and the effects of interaction between the motions of the cyclones were distinguished by numerical experiments using only one of the TC vortices.Results from these experiments show that Morakot(0908) had a greater impact on the motion of Goni(0907),whereas Goni(0907) had a relatively limited impact on Morakot(0908).At the upper level,the northeasterly jet flow in the third quadrant of Morakot(0908) enhanced the upper-level divergence of Goni(0907) and had an important role in maintaining and increasing Goni’s(0907) intensity.And at the lower level,Morakot(0908),with strong convergence and ascending airflow,made a stable transport channel of southwesterly warm and wet flow,thus supporting the lower-level water vapor convergence of Goni(0907).Goni(0907),which was located upriver of the southwesterly flow,intercepted part of the water vapor transportation in the southwesterly flow,causing the water vapor convergence to strengthen while the water vapor convergence of Morakot(0908) weakened.     

An analysis of heavy precipitation caused by a retracing plateau vortex based on TRMM data

In this paper, we study a persistent heavy precipitation process caused by a special retracing plateau vortex in the eastern Tibetan Plateau during 21–26 July 2010 using tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) data. Results show that during the whole heavy rainfall process, the precipitation rate of convective cloud is steady for all four phases of the plateau vortex movement. Compared with the convective precipitation clouds, the stratiform precipitation clouds have a higher fraction of area, a comparable ratio of contribution to the total precipitation, and a much lower precipitation rate. Precipitation increases substantially after the vortex moves out of the Tibetan Plateau, and Sichuan Province has the most extensive precipitation, which occurs when the vortex turns back westward. A number of strong convective precipitation cloud centers appear at 3–5 km. With strong upward motion, the highest rain top can reach up to 15 km. In various phases of the vortex evolution, there is always more precipitable ice than precipitable water, cloud ice water and cloud liquid water. The precipitating cloud particles increase significantly in the middle and lower troposphere when the vortex moves eastward, and cloud ice particles increase quickly at 6–8 km when the vortex retraces westward. The center of the latent heat release is always prior to the center of the vortex, and the vortex moves along the latent heat release areas. Moreover, high latent heat is released at 5–8 km with maximum at 7 km. Also, the latent heat release is more significant when the vortex moves out of the Tibetan Plateau than over the Tibetan Plateau.     

观测场环境恶化对气象资料的影响分析

气象观测是气象工作的基础业务，它对一定范围内的气象状况及其变化，进行系统的连续的观测和测定，为天气预报、气象情报、气候分析和科学研究提供重要依据。地面气象观测是气象观测的重要组成部分，观测场是取得地面气象资料的主要场所，地点应设立在能较好地反映本地较大范围气象要素特点的地方，避免局部地形的影响。然而自１９９４年５月至１９９６年底，距临猗县气象局观测场０．９m至６．５m处，先后建起６m至２５m高的住宅楼２座，锅炉房１座，水塔１座。至此，观测场从东到西南方向被这些建筑群包围的严严实实。进入冬季，冻土器、…     

Precipitation pattern of the mid-Holocene simulated by a high-resolution regional climate model

Early proxy-based studies suggested that there potentially occurred a ＂southern drought/northern flood＂ （SDNF） over East China in the mid-Holocene （from roughly 7000 to 5000 years before present）.In this study,we used both global and regional atmospheric circulation models to demonstrate that the SDNF-namely,the precipitation increases over North China and decreases over the the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley--could have taken place in the mid-Holocene.We found that the SDNF in the mid-Holocene was likely caused by the lower SST in the Pacific.The lowered SST and the higher air temperature over mainland China increased the land-sea thermal contrast and,as a result,strengthened the East Asian summer monsoon and enhanced the precipitation over North China.     

Active and passive remote sensing of precipitating storms during CaPE. Part II: Intercomparison of precipitation retrievals over land from AMPR radiometer and CP-2 radar

Summary One of the recent campaigns devoted to precipitation studies using both active and passive microwave remote sensing systems was the Convection and Precipitation/Electrification Experiment (CaPE), which took place in central Florida during the summer of 1991. During CaPE, the airborne Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR), having four channels at 10.7, 19.35, 37.1 and 85.5 GHz and the National Center for Atmospheric Research CP-2 multiparameter radar at S-band (3 GHz) and X-band (10 GHz) were operated simultaneously. In this paper, we compare estimated hydrometeor liquid/ice water contents and surface rainrates, both retrieved from the AMPR radiometer and CP-2 radar measurements, for a case study consisting of a heavy precipitating storm over land near Cape Canaveral on August 12, 1991. The multi-frequency radiometer-based retrieval scheme uses a cloud-precipitation dataset generated from a cloud model and extended by a physically-constrained Monte Carlo procedure, along with a discrete-ordinate radiative transfer model and a principal component statistical technique to help formulate non-linear regression equations for the sought-after hydrometeor quantities. By applying linear discriminant analysis, the algorithm is used to estimate column integrated liquid/ice water contents, as well as the vertical profiles of these quantities to within a specified accuracy. Rainfall rates are estimated either by non-linear regression or by a suitable fallout model. The analysis has confined itself to along-track nadir-looking AMPR measuremets to avoid complications with variable polarization mixing and geometric distortion for off-nadir observations. Considering the different model assumptions used in the two types of retrieval algorithms and the diverse geophysical information content within the two types of measurements, substantial agreement between the radar- and radiometer-derived retrievals has been achieved for the columnar liquid/ice water contents and rainrates.With 19 FiguresThe National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.