基于球面投影的单站地面激光点云直线段提取方法

由于激光点云离散分布于三维空间,导致特征计算困难,目前针对地面激光扫描点云的直线提取方法普遍存在计算量大、提取错误、或适应性不足等问题。本文提出了一种基于球面投影的单站地面激光点云直线段提取方法:首先将三维点云投影到球面上,球面投影后的三维点云保持了正确的邻接关系,同时也解决了三维数据计算量大的问题;然后,利用球面霍夫变换,正确提取球面投影后点云中的直线段特征;最后,利用稳健的直线拟合算法计算点云中的三维直线段参数。通过对室内室外场景数据的直线段提取试验及与商业软件Geomagic Studio等方法的对比试验,验证了本方法的正确性、适用性和准确性。     

基于消息调度的江西省天气雷达拼图技术方法

为提高多普勒天气雷达资料处理效率,基于消息中间件技术、数据缓存等技术,开展了雷达资料处理与组网拼图技术应用研究.采用RabbitM Q消息中间件,实现雷达资料质量控制、网格化处理、数据缓存等实时调度处理.采用多进程技术,实现雷达资料组网拼图和可视化绘制.在此基础上,构建分布式并行业务运行系统,对江西省8部多普勒天气雷达进行组网拼图处理,实时制作时空分辨率分别为6 m in和0.01°的雷达拼图产品.基于消息的雷达拼图技术显著提高了数据处理时效,满足了天气监测预警等精细化气象业务服务需求.     

基于Householder变换的模糊度规约算法

基于格进行整周模糊度估计时,为保证最近向量问题的计算效率,通常需首先对格基进行规约变换。设计了基于Householder变换的LLL规约算法(H-LLL),算法通过利用分解得到的上三角矩阵来构造规约变换矩阵,从而实现格基的大小规约和长度规约。利用实测数据与经典LLL规约算法进行了比较,结果表明两种方法规约效果相同,H-LLL规约更加高效。     

Paleoclimate and growth rates of speleothems in the northwestern Iberian Peninsula over the last two glacial cycles

Speleothem growth requires humid climates sufficiently warm to stimulate soil CO₂ production by plants. We compile 283 U/Th dates on 21 stalagmites from six cave systems in the NW coast of Spain to evaluate if there are patterns in stalagmite growth that are evidence of climatic forcing. In the oldest stalagmites, from marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 7–5, growth persists through the glacial period. Hiatuses and major reductions in growth rate occur during extreme minima in summer insolation. Stalagmites active during the last interglaciation cease growth at the MIS 5–4 boundary (74 ka), when regional sea-surface temperature cooled significantly. During MIS 3, only two stalagmites grew; rates were highest between 50 and 60 ka during the maximum in summer insolation. One stalagmite grew briefly at 41 ka, 36.5 and 28.6 ka, all during warm phases of the Dansgaard–Oeschger cycles. A pronounced Holocene optimum in stalagmite growth occurs from 9 to 6 ka. The cessation of most growth by 4.1 ka, coincident with broad increases in aridity over the Mediterranean and areas influenced by the North African Monsoon, suggest that regions such as NW Spain, with dominant Atlantic moisture sources, also experienced increased aridity at this time.     

Spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the Three-River Headwaters Region during 2000–2011简

The Three-River Headwaters Region （TRHR）, which is the source area of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Lancang River, is of key importance to the ecological secu- rity of China. Because of climate changes and human activities, ecological degradation oc- curred in this region. Therefore, ＂The nature reserve of Three-River Sou,＇ce Regions＂ was established, and ＂The project of ecological protection and construction for the Three-River Headwaters Nature Reserve＂ was implemented by the Chinese government. This study, based on MODIS-NDVI and climate data, aims to analyze the spatiotemporal changes in vegetation coverage and its driving factors in the TRHR between 2000 and 2011, from three dimensions. Linear regression, Hurst index analysis, and partial correlation analysis were employed. The results showed the following： （1） In the past 12 years （2000-2011）, the NDVI of the study area increased, with a linear tendency being 1.2%/10a, of which the Yangtze and Yellow River source regions presented an increasing trend, while the Lancang River source region showed a decreasing trend. （2） Vegetation coverage presented an obvious spatial difference in the TRHR, and the NDVI frequency was featured by a bimodal structure. （3） The area with improved vegetation coverage was larger than the degraded area, being 64.06% and 35.94%, respectively during the study period, and presented an increasing trend in the north and a decreasing trend in the south. （4） The reverse characteristics of vegetation cov- erage change are significant. In the future, degradation trends will be mainly found in the Yangtze River Basin and to the north of the Yellow River, while areas with improving trends are mainly distributed in the Lancang River Basin. （5） The response of vegetation coverage to precipitation and potential evapotranspiration has a time lag, while there is no such lag in the case of temperature. （6） The increased vegetation coverage is mainly attributed to the warm-wet climate change and the implementation of the ecological protection project.     

Complicated responses of stalagmite δ ~(13)C to climate change during the last glaciation from Hulu Cave, Nanjing,China

Secondary carbonates deposited inside caves have been considered as good archives of past climate variations at orbital, millennial to centennial, and de-cadal to annual timescales[1-3]. Change in δ 13C value is generally believed to reflect a change in the ratio of C4 to C3 plants, which have different photosynthetic pathways[4]. However, for given vegetation, the bio-genic CO2 production in soils can cause δ 13C to vary from ?12‰ to ?4‰[5]. Also, enhanced precipitation can lead to rapi…     

融合无人机LiDAR和高分辨率光学影像的点云分类方法

点云分类是激光点云数据处理的重要环节,探索自动、高效、高精度的点云分类方法具有重要意义.通过分析同机获取的LiDAR点云与高分辨率光学影像的特点,提出了融合无人机LiDAR与高分辨率光学影像的点云分类方法.首先将LiDAR点云投影到二维平面并构建不规则三角网模型,然后寻找同名点对完成与光学影像的配准与融合,进而将光学影像的光谱信息赋予无人机LiDAR点云,接着从光学影像上提取光谱特征、从LiDAR点云上提取多尺度几何特征构建分类特征集,进一步通过CFS特征选择算法实现特征集的降维,最后运用随机森林分类算法实现点云分类.实验结果表明,本文分类方法的总体精度可达89.5%,Kappa系数为0.844,与未经特征选择的分类结果相比精度提高了1.1个百分点,与单纯依靠LiDAR或者光学影像的分类相比,精度分别提高了5.4和14.9个百分点.本文方法不仅有效避免了基于点云属性内插构建新的图像融合方式带来的计算误差,同时解决了单尺度下构建几何特征时难以确定最优空间分析尺度的问题,并且对特征集进行优化选择从而有效提高了数据处理的效率.     

顾及系数矩阵结构性的加权总体最小二乘解算

针对加权总体最小二乘平差模型中系数矩阵具有结构性的问题,该文设计了一种顾及系数矩阵结构性的加权总体最小二乘迭代解法:首先,利用非线性最小二乘平差方法将总体最小二乘模型线性化;然后,采用结构矩阵的方法顾及系数矩阵的重复元素和常数项,通过间接平差的原理推导了顾及系数矩阵结构性的加权总体最小二乘迭代公式,可适用于加权总体最小二乘的参数估计;最后,通过算例分析并与其他算法进行比较,验证了该算法的有效性和可行性。     

涡轮取芯钻进工艺在干热岩钻井中的应用

我国干热岩勘探刚刚起步。为准确评价干热岩型地热资源的资源量,需要钻获高质量的干热岩岩心,但目前针对高温、高硬度、高研磨工况下的干热岩取芯钻进工艺研究较少,严重制约了干热岩型地热资源的准确评价。为此,自主研发了Φ127 mm涡轮钻具,在福建漳州HDR-1井和青海共和GR1井进行了干热岩钻井取芯应用研究,研究验证了研发的涡轮钻具与KT-140取芯钻具的适配性、涡轮钻具与金刚石取芯钻头的匹配性,揭示了高温和硬岩井况下涡轮钻具工作特性,经受住了孔底236 ℃高温考验,钻获了高质量岩心,取得了涡轮钻具现场测试应用的各项参数;涡轮取芯钻进工艺与常规取芯钻进工艺相比,既充分发挥了涡轮钻具高转速的性能,也发挥了其耐高温、耐研磨、耐高地应力、使用寿命长和现场劳动强度低的特性,干热岩取芯钻速和质量大大提高。该工艺是高温深孔干热岩井下动力回转钻具驱动取芯钻头进行取芯钻进的首次成功尝试,为干热岩涡轮钻具复合取芯钻井技术的进一步科研攻关、现场试验与推广应用提供了宝贵的施工应用经验和借鉴,也将为我国干热岩科学钻探与深部地热资源勘探提供新的技术支撑。     

基于倾斜影像的城市场景隐式曲面重建

在基于倾斜影像的城市场景重建过程中,由于获取影像时存在场景遮蔽和大视点变化的情况,建筑物立面等区域存在着影像密集匹配点云稀疏甚至空洞的情况,自动化重建难度大,难以反映建筑物的真实形态。本文提出了一种新的基于倾斜影像的城市场景隐式曲面重建方法：首先,以倾斜影像密集匹配点云为基础建立Delaunay四面体;然后,对Delaunay四面体进行约束图割,提取出可视化的三角面,进而更加精确地估计点云的法向信息;最终,结合Screened Poisson曲面重建,实现了城市场景的隐式曲面重建。通过多种隐式曲面重建方法的对比试验,验证了本方法的准确性和适用性。