Multichannel analysis of surface wave method with the autojuggie

The shear (S)-wave velocity of near-surface materials and its effect on seismic-wave propagation are of fundamental interest in many engineering, environmental, and groundwater studies. The multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) method provides a robust, efficient, and accurate tool to observe near-surface S-wave velocity. A recently developed device used to place large numbers of closely spaced geophones simultaneously and automatically (the ‘autojuggie’) is shown here to be applicable to the collection of MASW data. In order to demonstrate the use of the autojuggie in the MASW method, we compared high-frequency surface-wave data acquired from conventionally planted geophones (control line) to data collected in parallel with the automatically planted geophones attached to steel bars (test line). The results demonstrate that the autojuggie can be applied in the MASW method. Implementation of the autojuggie in very shallow MASW surveys could drastically reduce the time required and costs incurred in such surveys.     

Experimental Research on the Load／Unload Response Ratio （LURR） Theory

Implementing acoustic emission experiments with large rock samples, LURR (Load/Unload Response Ratio) theory was studied. The loading conditions in the experiments were designed to simulate the complicated loading process of underground rocks. The damages emerging inside the rock samples were recorded by the acoustic emission technique during the loading process. The experimental results were consistent with prediction by LURR theory. Integrating the changing processes of LURR value Y and the location process of acoustic emission events showed agreement between the variation of LURR value Y and the damage evolution inside the rocks. Furthermore, the high value of Y emerged before the complete breakdown of materials. Therefore, the damage evolution of rock specimen can be quantitatively analyzed with LURR theory, thus the failure of the rock materials and the earthquake occurrence may be predicted. The experimental results gave a further verification of LURR theory.     

我国北方4kaB.P.前后异常洪水事件的初步研究

史前异常洪水事件的初步调查表明,4kaB.P.前后是我国北方异常洪水多发的时期,黄河流域、淮河流域和海河流域在这一时期普遍出现不同形式的史前异常洪水事件.异常洪水事件的出现与当时的降温事件有密切的关系,气候变冷引发的相对湿度加大和降雨量增多可能是造成这次异常洪水事件的主要原因.出现于华夏文明诞生前夕的史前异常洪水事件对华夏文明的演进势必会产生重大影响,在黄河上游的山间盆地和下游的黄淮海平原,异常洪水给人类生存环境带来严重的破坏,导致这些地区早期文明的衰落;而位于我国地貌大势二级阶梯与一级阶梯之间的中原地区,尽管洪水也给人类生存环境造成严重的威胁,但它并没有导致早期文明的衰落,恰恰相反,先民们利用有利的地貌条件,通过与洪水的争斗,促进了文化的发展和华夏文明的诞生.     

综合工程物探在上海地铁四号线抢险工程中的应用

在上海地铁四号线抢险工程中,综合工程物探快速、准确地圈定了受地面沉降影响,周边土体的扰动范围及深度,并对江底隧道的状况进行了调查。文章介绍了用地质雷达、高分辨率SH波浅层反射波法、瞬态瑞雷面波法勘探及水上高密度多波列地震影像法等综合工程物探方法在该工程中的应用前提及效果。     

哈尔滨高等级公路路基沉降监测反分析

本文应用双曲线配合法对哈尔滨高等级公路路基实测沉降进行了分析，推算了地基的最终沉降量，并由此用太沙基方法反算出地基中粘土层的平均固结系数和渗透系数。把用本文方法推算的渗透系数应用于太沙基方法计算路基沉降，发现比选用实验室测得的渗透系数计算的结果更接近实际沉降。通过本次反分析研究得出：路基中粘性土的固结系数和渗透系数明显高于室内土工试验测得值。这给相似地基高等级公路的设计、施工提供了参考依据。     

铀及伴生元素活动态分量探测在古宁浑迪砂岩型铀矿勘查中的应用

为了快速查明古宁浑迪地区砂岩型铀矿的有利成矿地段，并为钻探验证工程的部署提供依据，研究过程中采用了铀及伴生元素活动态分量探测地球化学勘查方法。通过系统采集样品和铀、钼、硒分量提取及测试，认为吸附态铀及伴生元素分量探测更适用于本地区砂岩型铀成矿有利地段的筛选。经钻探工程验证，绝大部分地表铀分量异常均与深部成矿目的层中的铀矿化或铀异常相对应，证实了铀及伴生元素活动态分量探测是适用于寻找隐伏砂岩型铀矿床的有效方法，尤其适用于古河道型砂岩铀矿的找矿勘查。     

基于ARC/INFO与ARCVIEW中地震数据的空间分析

依托ARC／INFO平台，把湖北省近四十年所发生的地震的震中、震级及发震时间从文字记录信息转化为直观的并具有大地坐标的空间点位信息；利用平台功能强大的编辑模块和空间分析等功能对地震数据进行处理分析研究，并在此基础上结合ARCVIEW的桌面制图优点绘制基本图件完成输出与查询。该过程是湖北省区域稳定性评价的重要数据准备，同时也为湖北省地壳稳定性评价提供一个重要的评价因子。     

Application of Lead Isotopes to Geochemical Exploration of Gold Deposits in Baoban , Hainan Province, China

Lead isotopes have been widely applied in geochemical exploration and evaluation of ore deposits, as well as in ascertaining the age of mineralization and the source of ore fluids.Long-term practice showed that the method of lead isotope targeting is somewhat efficient for macroscopic evaluation of forecasting areas, but not powerful enough for for ecasting concealed orebodies. As the contents of U and the variation of U/Pb ratio sharply decrease with depth in the lithosphere, U-Th-Pb isotopic differentiation must have occurred during the crust-mantle e-volution. Lead isotopic ratios show a wide variation range, varying in the front of mineralizationand shallow-derived ores, but maintaining very stable in the major orebody and being usuallyclose to the average isotopic composition of the crust and mantle of the continent block fromwhich the ores were derived. Therefore, the lead isotopic composition can serve as a measure for identifying the position of mineralization. The lead isotope geochemistry was applied to the ex-ploration and evaluation of the Baoban gold deposits of Hainan Province, China. The an alyticalresults of ore veins and adjacent rocks showed that there is a correlation between the lead isotopedata and the position of orebody. Based on the experience from the Baoban gold deposits and other ore deposits in Yunnan Province, an exploration principle has been established, that is,positive anomalies of lead isotope eigenvectors for prospecting deep-seated orebodies and nega-tive anomalies of eigenvectors for enlarging lateral exploration surrounding the known deposit.The ore beds in the Erjia and Beiniu mining districts should be as signed to the deep part of the orebody and those in the Tuwaishan mining district should be the shallow part, so ore beds cor-responding to those in the Erjia and Beiniu mining districts may be found in the Tuwaishan min-ing district.     

COMPARISON OF THE ALKALI MARSH SOIL ANDAGRICULTURE SOIL ON NUTRIENT RETENTIONIN WESTERN JILIN, CHINA

An intact alkali marsh soil (MS) core and an agriculture soil (AS) core were studied by the simulated test in order to get the comparison of the nutrients retention in alkali MS and AS. The soil cores extracted from the Xiang-hai Wetland, western Jilin Province, China, were leached with solution contained carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. Then the effluent water from the outlets of soil core with different depths was measured, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), phosphate (PO43-- P) and nitrogen existed as nitrate (NO3- - N), nitrite (NO2- - N) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+- N) and the total nitrogen (TN) in the effluent water. COD and TP are decreased with the depth, the changing trends of TN, NO3- - N and NH4+ - N contents are similar to COD and TP, whereas NO2- - N in both MS and AS effluent have a little transition at 40cm depth. It is similar efficiency of MS to AS in significantly cutting down COD, TP, PO43- - P, TN, NO3- - N, NH4+ - N and NO2- - N in nutrient water. The fun     

天山古生代洋盆开启、闭合时限的岩石学约束——来自震旦纪、石炭纪火山岩的证据

天山及邻区各微地块上分布有震旦纪—早寒武世火山-沉积岩系,寒武系底部均发育含磷层,震旦系中见2～3层大致可对比的冰碛岩,暗示各微地块当时可能是一个统一大陆块的组成部分。震旦纪—早寒武世大陆拉伸→大陆裂谷火山活动是天山古生代洋盆开启的前兆,意味着早寒武世为天山古生代洋盆开启时限的下限。中天山巴仑台微地块中的下石炭统马鞍桥组底部的粗碎屑岩,是碰撞造山中晚期的地质记录。它意味着天山古生代洋盆已经闭合。石炭纪时,天山造山带已进入新的造山后裂谷拉伸阶段,发育有大规模大陆裂谷双峰式火山活动和花岗质岩浆活动。早石炭世是天山古生代洋盆闭合时限的上限。