Gas contents and CO2 isotope studies on fluid inclusion in ultra-high pressure metamorphic rock from Shuanghe area, Dabie Mountain

Step heating experiments on ultra-high pressure (UHP) mcks from the Dabie Mountain shows a majority of CO₂ in fluid inclusion (excluding H₂O); CO is also a significant component, with a small content of N₂ and CH₄. Carbon isotopic composition of CO₂ in fluid of metamorphic climax stage (-25%0- -30%0) is different from that of mantle carbon, indicating that UHP rocks did not experience obvious transformation by mantle fluids despite their subduction depth. CO₂ was derived from carbon matter in the pmtoliths of UHP rocks in a relatively confined system, showing that the UHP rocks subsided quickly and uplifted quickly from the mantle. Current organization: Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China.     

Shake table study on precast segmental concrete double-column piers

Seismic capacity, including the ultimate load-carrying capacity and ultimate deformation capacity of precast segmental concrete double-column(PSCDC) piers with steel sleeve(SS) connection or grouted corrugated-metal duct(GCMD) connection, has been verified to be similar to those of cast-in-place(CIP) piers by quasi-static tests. However, the lack of knowledge of seismic response characteristics and damage process of PSCDC piers has limited their application in high-intensity seismic areas. Therefore, shake table tests, using variable types and intensities of seismic ground motions, were performed to investigate the seismic behavior of connection joints and to evaluate the seismic performance of PSCDC piers with SS and GCMD connections. Also, a finite element analysis(FEA) model was developed to study the influence of design parameters on the seismic behavior of the piers. The results showed that the main damage in PSCDC piers was caused by the cyclic opening and closing of connection joints. Under high-intensity ground motions, the PSCDC piers had a lower seismic performance than the CIP piers due to a significant decrease of their integrity and stiffness. The seismic performance of PSCDC piers is comparable to CIP piers when using an appropriate initial stress of the prestressing tendons.     

公民科学素质视角下的防震减灾科普研究——以日本和美国为例

防震减灾科普教育是提升公民防震减灾科学素质的重要途经。日本和美国是在防震减灾科普教育方面走在世界前列的国家。本文通过研究日本和美国关于公民防震减灾科学素质建设文献资料,分类归纳日本和美国公民防震减灾科学素质建设的历史背景、发展特点及主要路径,由此对我国公民防震减灾科学素质建设提出思考和建议。     

Major advances in studies of the physical geography and living environment of China during the past 70 years and future prospects

The natural environment provides material essentials for human survival and development. The characteristics,processes, regional differentiation and forcing mechanisms of the elements of the natural environment(e.g. geomorphology,climate, hydrology, soil, etc.) are the main objects of research in physical geography. China has a complex natural environment and huge regional differentiation and therefore it provides outstanding reserach opportunities in physical geography. This review summarizes the most important developments and the main contributions of research in the physical geography and human living environment in China during the past 70 years. The major topics addressed are the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and the evolution of its cryosphere, the development of fluvial systems, the acidification of the vast arid region of the Asian interior, variations in the monsoon and westerly climate systems on multiple timescales, the development of lakes and wetlands, the watershed system model, soil erosion, past human-environment interactions, biogeography, and physical geographic zonality. After briefly introducing international research developments, we review the history of research in physical geography in China, focusing on the major achievements and major academic debates, and finally we summarize the status of current research and the future prospects. We propose that in the context of the national demand for the construction of an ecological civilization, we should make full use of the research findings of physical geography, and determine the patterns and mechanisms of natural environmental processes in order to continue to promote the continued contribution of physical geography to national development strategies, and to further contribute to the theory of physical geography from a global perspective.     

Major dry mergers in early-type brightest cluster galaxies

We search for ongoing major dry mergers in a well-selected sample of local brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) from the C4 cluster catalogue. 18 out of 515 early-type BCGs with redshift between 0.03 and 0.12 are found to be in major dry mergers, which are selected as pairs (or triples) with r -band magnitude difference  δ m _r < 1.5  and projected separation   r _p < 30 kpc  , and showing signatures of interaction in the form of significant asymmetry in residual images. We find that the fraction of BCGs in major dry mergers increases with the richness of the clusters, consistent with the fact that richer clusters usually have more massive (or luminous) BCGs. We estimate that present-day early-type BCGs may have experienced on average  ∼0.6 ( t _merge/0.3 Gyr)⁻¹  major dry mergers and through this process increases their luminosity (mass) by 15 per cent  ( t _merge/0.3 Gyr)⁻¹ ( f _mass/0.5)  on average since   z = 0.7  , where t _merge is the merging time-scale and f _mass is the mean mass fraction of companion galaxies added to the central ones. We also find that major dry mergers do not seem to elevate radio activities in BCGs. Our study shows that major dry mergers involving BCGs in clusters of galaxies are not rare in the local Universe, and they are an important channel for the formation and evolution of BCGs.     

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of Lily-type lectin (SmLTL) in turbot Scophthalmus maximus,and its response to Vibrio anguillarum

A full-length lily-type lectin(Sm LTL) was identified from turbot(Scophthalmus maximus) in this study. By searching database for protein identification and function prediction, Sm LTL were confirmed. The full-length c DNA of Sm LTL is composed of 569 bp and contains a 339 bp ORF that encodes 112 amino acid residues. The Sm LTL peptide is characterized by a specific β-prism architecture and contains three mannose binding sites in a three-fold internal repeat between amino acids 30–99; two of the repeats share the classical mannose binding domain(Qx Dx Nx Vx Y) while the third binding site was similar to other fish-specific binding motifs(Tx Tx Gx Rx V). The primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of Sm LTL were predicted and analyzed, indicating that the S m LTL protein was hydrophilic, contained 5.36% α-helices, 39.29% extended strands, 16.07% β-folds, and 39.29% random coils, and three β-folds. Quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) analysis revealed that the Sm LTL mRNA was abundantly expressed in skin, gill, and intestine. Low levels of Sm LTL expression were observed in other tissues. The expression of Sm LTL in gill, skin and intestine increased at m RNA level after stimulation of V ibrio anguillarum, our results suggest that Sm LTL serve as the first line of defence against microbial infections and play a pivotal role in the innate mucosal immune system. The current study indicates that Sm LTL is a member of the lilytype lectin family and the information reported here will provide an important foundation for future research on the role of this protein.     

Influence of the multi-pulse near-fault earthquake motion on the seismic risk evaluation for reinforced concrete bridge

Natural Hazards - The multi-pulse near-fault earthquake motion imposes unique influence on the seismic risk for bridge structure. Regarding the different character of multiple pulse-like waveforms...     

城市POI的空间数据分析与可视化表达

随着科技的迅速发展,地理空间数据已经成为人们日常生活中的一部分,城市POI数据则是涵盖城市公共基础设施属性信息与位置信息的大型地理空间数据。针对现阶段对城市POI数据利用程度不充分的问题,本文运用密度分析、热点分析以及服务范围分析等方法研究大连金普新区城市POI数据的空间分布特征。结果表明:大连金普新区城市POI数据呈现"二区八带多点"的分布格局,金石滩街道、中长街道、先进街道以及大李家街道医疗、教育、娱乐设施较为完善,且远离工厂,比较宜居。本研究可为市民生活、工作、学习、娱乐提供参考,也可为城市发展、管理维护提供服务。     

基于ETM+影像的福州市部分城区的地表温度反演与分析

以福州市部分地区为研究对象,采用Landsat ETM+第6波段的单窗算法,进行地表温度反演得出地表温度分布图,分析了研究区总体温度分布的特点、研究了三种下垫面类型的温度分布差异及与NDVI的关系、同时对生活建筑区分别取样进行了对比分析。结果表明:研究区中心热岛效应显著;研究区不同的土地覆盖类型地表温度有显著差异,从高到低为,生活建筑区自然表面水体;地表温度与归一化植被指数(NDVI)有良好的负相关关系;相同土地覆盖类型开发程度不同,温度也存在差异,此差异小于不同土地覆盖类型之间的温度差。     

Research and development on foam breaking and recycling technology in air-foam drilling

In recent years, air-foam combining the advantages of both liquid and air drilling has been utilized as a drilling medium. Air-foam drilling has proved its efficiency in numerous situations where serious problems were encountered, such as in fractured formations and depleted or high permeable zones. However, the major disadvantage of air-foam drilling system is that the foam can only be used once, so that an extremely large pit is required to contain the foam to allow sufficient room for cuttings and for the foam to dissipate. Moreover, it needs enormous volume prepared, consuming abundance of water and ingredient additives, which results in the high cost of foam drilling. The recycling foam fluid by using foam breaking technology is the only effective method to solve these problems associated with the known foam drilling. Various types of equipment and technique have been employed to suppress foam formation in biological and process equipment in foam drilling. The study described various methods of foam breaking technology, and the trend of the foam breaking technology for foam drilling is discussed.