Distribution Patterns of Major and Trace Elements and Provenance of Surface Sediments on the Continental Shelf off Western Guangdong Province and Northeastern Hainan Island

A coupled approach based on grain size and geochemical elements is used to trace the provenance of surface sediments and to confirm the distribution patterns of grain size and elements on the continental shelf off western Guangdong Province and northeastern Hainan Island. The mean grain size ranges from 0.05 φ to 7.28 φ with a mean value of 5.60 φ. The average concentrations of major elements descend in the order of SiO_2Al_2O_3CaOFe_2O_3K_2OMgONa_2OTiO_2 P_2O_5 MnO, while those of trace elements exhibit a descending order of Sr Rb Zn V Cr Pb Ni Cu As Cd. On the basis of the distribution patterns of elements and results of statistical analysis, the study area is classified into three zones. Zone I locates on the continental shelf off western Guangdong Province, and the sediments are mainly from Pearl River, Taiwanese rivers, and small rivers nearby. Zone II locates in the eastern exit of Qiongzhou Strait and the coastal area off Leizhou Peninsula, and the sediments are mainly from the erosion products of Qiongzhou Strait and Hainan Island. Zone III locates off the eastern Hainan Island and the continental shelf deeper than-50 m isobaths, and the sediments are mainly from Hainan Island and coral reef. The influence from open water should also be considered. Results indicate that the grain size is the main controlling factor for major and trace element contents and that anthropogenic impact and biological activity also play an important role in the distribution of these elements.     

The Light Regime Effect on Triacylglycerol Accumulation of Isochrysis zhangjiangensis

Stress state of microalgal cells is caused under unfavorable conditions such as disordered light regime and depleted nitrogen. The stress state can impair photosynthetic efficiency, inhibit cell growth and result in the accumulation of triacylglycerol(TAG) from protective mechanisms. Continuous light or nitrogen starvation was applied on microalgae and performed effectively on inducing TAG production. To evaluate the light regime effect on inducing TAG production, the effect of different light regimes on nitrogen-starved Isochrysis zhangjiangensis was investigated in this work. The continuous light and nitrogen starvation elevated TAG content of biomass by 73% and 193%, respectively. Furthermore, the TAG accumulation of I. zhangjiangensis cell under nitrogen starvation decreased under aggravated stress from continuous illumination. Our results demonstrated that culturing the cells with 14 L: 10 D light regime under nitrogen starvation is the optimal mode to achieve maximal accumulation of TAG. A recovery in light regime was necessary for I. zhangjiangensis cultivation.     

Formation of an anticyclonic eddy and the mechanism involved: a case study using cruise data from the northern South China Sea

Data from satellite altimetry and in situ observations together with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)reanalysis data were used to investigate the mechanism and formation of an anticyclonic eddy in the northeastern South China Sea(SCS).Analysis of water mass using cruise data indicated that the water captured in the eddy differs from those in the SCS,the Kuroshio intrusion,and the eddy-forming region.Data from sea surface height(SSH)and sea level anomaly(SLA)indicate that the eddy formed due both to the Kuroshio intrusion and the local circulation in the SCS.The Kuroshio intrusion is present at the start of the eddy growth(March 5-9)before Kuroshio leaps the Luzon Strait.The eddy then becomes larger and stronger in the absence of the Kuroshio intrusion.From the eddy budget of the HYCOM reanalysis data,the formation of the eddy goes in three steps.By the third step,the eddy had become affected by variations of local SCS circulation,which is more strongly than in the first step in which it is affected more by the Kuroshio intrusion.The variability of the temperature and salinity inside the eddy provide a support to this conclusion.The water in the SCS intruded into the eddy from the southeast,which decrease the salinity gradually in the southern part of the eddy during the growth period.     

海洋疏浚泥资源化综合利用成果转化推广"瓶颈"及其对策建议

随着我国沿海地区社会经济的飞速发展,港航工程建设及维护产生的疏浚泥产量急剧增加,规模化、产业化实现疏浚泥资源化处理综合利用刻不容缓。文章以海洋固体废弃物资源化再利用为宗旨,结合南海规划与环境研究院近20年来在该领域的理论研究基础与工程实践经验,系统分析了海洋疏浚泥资源化利用技术成果推广转化面临的“瓶颈”,从建立永久性基地困难、产业链整合程度较低、成本造价竞争力不强、设计施工过程较保守、复合型管理人才缺乏等方面进行了思考分析,并有针对性地从加强基础研究应用、建立协同创新机制、建立交流合作网络、强化知识产权保护、健全政策法规体系、完善行业管理机制等角度为相关管理决策部门提出了具有可操作性的对策与建议。     

黄渤海夏季生物发光强度分布特征及其影响因素分析

机械刺激所致生物发光无论对于海洋生态学的研究还是对于水下目标探测均具有重要意义。本研究利用现场测量数据,首次定量化揭示了夏季黄渤海机械刺激所致生物发光强度的三维空间分布特征,并在此基础上,进一步结合同步测量的环境参数及浮游植物种群数据分析了其影响因素。主要结论包括：（1）夏季黄渤海机械刺激所致生物发光强度较强,其平均值约为4×10¹⁰photons/（s·L）,最大值约为2×10¹²photons/（s·L）,高值区主要出现在长江口附近海域;（2）夏季黄渤海机械刺激所致生物发光的物种以甲藻类浮游植物为主,在甲藻中,夜光藻对机械刺激所致生物发光强度的分布起着主要决定作用;（3）夏季黄渤海机械刺激所致生物发光的空间分布对温度、盐度及以叶绿素浓度为代表的总生物量的整体依赖性较低。     

黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegelii)肠道细菌群落对饲料中添加不同羽毛粉的响应

羽毛粉是一种潜在的饲料蛋白源。在水产动物饲料中添加适量的羽毛粉,不仅可以降低饲料成本,而且有助于禽类废弃物的再利用。在动物消化、降解、吸收羽毛粉过程中,动物肠道中的微生物可能发挥着重要作用;添加羽毛粉的饲料对鱼类肠道微生物多样性与群落结构的影响目前还不清楚。基于细菌16SrRNA基因高通量测序,作者对比研究了以添加羽毛粉(包括水解、酸解、膨化处理或生羽毛粉实验组,添加量为5%)和不添加羽毛粉的饲料(即对照组,包括鱼粉和商业饲料两组)喂养黑鲷12周后,黑鲷肠道细菌多样性与群落结构的变化情况。统计分析结果表明:添加羽毛粉的实验组中肠道细菌的丰富度、辛普森指数和香农指数显著低于对照组(P0.05);不含酸解羽毛粉组的实验组,其细菌群落结构与对照组差异显著(P0.05)。总体来看,黑鲷肠道细菌主要由厚壁菌门(57.3%)和变形菌门(36.3%)组成;实验组细菌群落中拟杆菌纲、梭菌纲、δ-变形菌纲、草酸杆菌科和青枯菌属的相对丰度显著低于对照组。不同的羽毛粉处理组之间也呈现出群落结构上的差异:与水解羽毛粉组相比,生羽毛粉组的变形菌门、γ-变形菌门、海洋螺菌目、盐单胞菌科和盐单胞菌属的相对丰度显著下降;与鱼粉组相比,生羽毛粉组中芽孢杆菌目在群落中的占比显著上升,而拟杆菌门、草酸杆菌科和青枯菌属的占比则显著下降,而且生羽毛粉组中厚壁菌门与变形菌门相对丰度的比值(7.42)明显高于鱼粉组(0.97)和水解羽毛粉组(0.74)且均接近显著(P=0.057)。与鱼粉组相比,水解羽毛粉组中紫单胞菌科和回线属的相对丰度显著下降,而盐单胞菌属的相对丰度显著上升。     

大菱鲆卵子排放后在卵巢腔内老化特征初探

为了探明大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)卵子在卵巢腔内老化的原因及特征,采用连续跟踪采卵的方式,通过荧光染色、生理生化指标测定,对不同采卵时间(0, 3, 6, 9, 12 h)的卵子活性氧和脂质过氧化情况(氧化产物丙二醛MDA)、抗氧化系统(超氧化物歧化酶SOD,还原型谷胱甘肽GSH)、卵巢液pH值及受精率和孵化率进行对比研究。结果表明,随着卵子在体内老化时间的延长,其活性氧含量及脂质过氧化程度逐渐升高,活性氧含量及过氧化程度与排卵后卵子老化呈正相关;SOD酶活力,GSH酶活力均显著下降,MDA含量显著提高;受精率和孵化率均显著下降。排卵后6h,孵化率降到2.87%～10.60%,此时的卵质已经极度恶化,不能再继续用于后续的生产中。综上,在卵巢腔中,卵子排放后,随着时间的延长,活性氧含量显著升高,抗氧化能力逐渐下降,受精率和孵化率显著降低,老化逐渐加剧。     

基于多种神经网络的风暴潮增水预测方法的比较分析

简要介绍了利用BP神经网络、小波神经网络、递归神经网络进行风暴潮增水值预测的原理。选取广东省珠江口以南的阳江站2017年风暴潮增水数据进行测试。结果表明,三种神经网络方法针对阳江地区风暴潮增水的预测均具有可靠性和实用性。以当前增水值为输入量的单因子模型更能反映真实风暴潮增水趋势,而从增水极值预测的准确性来看,以台风风力、气压、风向等相关参数为输入量的多因子模型优于单因子模型。BP神经网络更适用于多因子长时间预测,小波神经网络在单因子短时间预测上准确性更高,递归神经网络预测值与实测值相关性更强。在工程运用中,需根据地域时空特点、数据资料的丰富度与预测值评估指标选择合适的方法。     

海峡西岸经济区城市网络特征分析——基于功能网络与创新网络的视角

全球化和信息化促进了城市网络的复杂化,城际关系不断重构,且往往需要通过多方面要素才能较完整地表现出来,但以往城市网络特征的研究往往聚焦于单一视角下的城市网络结构分析,且较少考虑联系的方向,对其复杂性的揭示上存在一定不足。以城际人员流动数据与共同专利数据为基础,从功能网络与创新网络的视角,利用社会网络分析等方法,研究了海峡西岸经济区的城市网络特征,结果表明：① 区域多级发展的网络格局已经形成,省会城市与副省级城市（福州、厦门）构成了中心性第一梯队,重要地级市（泉州、温州、赣州）构成了中心性第二梯队,一般节点城市（漳州、汕头等）构成了中心性第三梯队。② 强中心性城市中,厦门、福州及温州存在对其他城市较显著的溢出效应,区域中小城市成了辐射的主要受益者。③ 城市在两类网络中的地位整体一致,局部如赣州、龙岩一致性较差。④ 城际创新合作关系整体上较薄弱且较不均衡,而区域功能网络表现为“整体均衡,局部不均衡”态势。