GIS中空间信息多种地图显示模式的研究

通过对目前GIS中电子地图显示的分析研究,指出了GIS中空间信息地图显示存在的问题。针对目前电子地图显示模式的单一性、显示环境的多变性和显示效果的平淡性,提出了电子地图显示模式的概念。指出了影响地图显示模式变换的因素主要有空间数据的用途、屏幕比例尺、使用环境和显示的设备等,并分析了常用地图显示模式的可视化特点。对基于多种地图显示模式的符号库和显示模板进行了初步的研究,为深入研究空间信息可视化进行了初步尝试。     

Application and Study of Precipitation Schemes in Weather Simulation in Summer and Winter over China

Through simulation of summer and winter precipitation cases in China, the cloud precipitation schemes of model were examined. Results indicate that it is discrepant between convective precipitation simulated by the Kain-Fritsch (KF) scheme and Betts-Miller (BM) scheme in summer, the former scheme is better than the latter in this case. The ambient atmosphere may be varied by different convective schemes. The air is wetter and the updraft is stronger in the KF scheme than in the BM scheme, which can induce the more grid scale precipitation in the KF scheme, i.e., the different cumulus schemes may have the different and important effect on the grid scale precipitation. However, there is almost no convective rain in winter in northern China, so the effect of cumulus precipitation on the grid scale precipitation can be disregarded. Therefore, the gird scale precipitation is primary in the winter of northern China.     

祁连山东部高温天气气候分析和预报

通过对１９８０～１９９７年祁连山东部武威、民勤日最高气温≥３４℃日数统计得出,高温天气主要集中在７～８月;分析了高温出现的天气形势和气候规律,从而建立相应的高温短期预报工具。     

二连盆地吉尔嘎朗图凹陷剥蚀量恢复及其对油气藏的影响

吉尔嘎朗图凹陷是二连盆地重要的产油基地之一，早白垩世腾格尔组和赛罕塔拉组沉积末期经历了两次强烈的抬升 剥蚀，沉积地层剥蚀量的恢复对油气成藏评价有重要意义。文章基于钻井泥岩声波时差和镜质组反射率数据对二连盆地吉 尔嘎朗图凹陷腾格尔组和赛罕塔拉组的剥蚀量进行了计算，恢复了其原始沉积厚度及埋藏过程。研究结果表明：研究区腾 格尔组和赛罕塔拉组沉积后受构造反转的控制都经历了不同程度的剥蚀，腾格尔组的剥蚀厚度约为243~1933 m，赛罕塔拉 组的剥蚀厚度约为95~290 m。剥蚀量厚度展布明显受不同方向、不同尺度断层在构造反转期的差异活动性影响，靠近西北 边界断层的罕尼构造带剥蚀量相对较大，向东南缓坡带逐渐减小。区内不同构造部位剥蚀量的差异对油气成藏有直接影 响，断陷区及后期反转控制的大沉积、强烈剥蚀区，烃源岩层生烃时间长。而构造反转形成的与构造走向一致的隆升带的 剥蚀卸压有利于促使油气沿NE断裂面发生垂向和侧向运移，并在断裂面两侧有利的圈闭位置成藏。     

影响江淮地区的西南涡中尺度结构特征

利用合成方法对３次西南涡过程的流场，温湿场和涡度场等进行了分析。结果指出：沿切变线存在风场的中尺度扰动，低涡的尺度为２５０－３００ｋｍ，中低层有两支不同性质的气流流入低涡区，降水主要发生在低涡移动方向右侧的两象限。温湿场和铅直流场在低涡区呈现明显的不对称分布，低涡是一个显著的斜压系统。     

黑龙江省虎林市幅重磁场特征及其地质解释

以区域地质资料和物性资料为依据，对黑龙江省虎林市幅重磁场特征进行了综合分析。根据航磁△T异常以及布格异常平面等值线展布特点，对该区的杂乱磁场区、线性磁场区和平稳磁场区进行了相关的地质解释，描述了30条断裂构造带及其重力场特征；结合重力异常和航磁异常等综合资料，按结晶基底起伏形态，将虎林盆地划分为4个隆起、3个凹陷共7个构造单元。     

瞬变电磁电阻率成像法探测岩体渗漏通道的研究及应用

本文利用等效代换的方法建立计算瞬变电磁响应的概念及方法,通过视电阻率和视深度的计算,进行实测剖面的二维电阻率成像,并利用该成像技术探测某水库岩体集中渗漏通道,获得良好的效果。     

中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔及周边地区花岗质片麻岩的地球化学性质和超高压变质作用标志的识别

花岗质片麻岩是中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔0-2000m深度范围内出露的主要岩石类型之一,集中分布于1113.14-1596.22m之间,而在0-1113.14m和1596.22-2000m深度范围内主要以“夹层”形式赋存于副片麻岩和(退变)榴辉岩中,夹层的厚度为0.54-5.82m左右。花岗质片麻岩累计厚度430.98m,占2000m岩心的21.55％左右。地球化学研究结果表明,主孔中花岗质片麻岩SiO2含量普遍偏高,为71.55％-77.18％之间,Al2O3含量为11.54％-13.57％。TiO2、Fe2O3、FeO、MnO和MgO含量则明显偏低,其中Fe2O3 FeO总量为1.05％-2.94％,MgO=0.06％-0.59％。CaO含量为0.30％-2.65％。Na2O和K2O含量变化相对较大,分别为0.29％-4.06％和2.90％-6.67％之间,且大多数样品K2O含量高于Na2O含量。稀土元素配分模式具有右倾式的特点,轻稀土相对富集,而重稀土相对亏损,具有强烈的负Eu异常,Eu/Eu=0.21-0.26之间。在标准化蛛网图上,则显示Ta、Nb、P和Ti的明显亏损以及中等-强烈的负Ba异常,Ba/Ba=0.25-O.64之间,平均值为0.45左右。上述主元素、稀土元素和微量元素特征与中国大陆科学钻探预先导孔CCSD-PP1岩心以及东海及其邻区地表露头的花岗质片麻岩的化学成分十分相似,具有A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。采用激光拉曼技术,配备阴极发光测试,确认中国大陆科学钻     

TOC changes in the process of thermal evolution of source rock and its controls

Through geological observation, simulation in laboratory and numerical modeling, the factors that control the changes in total organic content (TOC) of source rock have been studied. When the formula DTOC=(TOC0-TOC)/TOC0 (original organic carbon content in the rock) is used to measure the TOC (total organic carbon content) changes in the source rock through geological time, the degrees and directions of such changes are determined by losses and relative amounts both of organic and inorganic matter in the source rock. The DTOC equation, which is used to calculate the loss rate in the process of maturation for the source rock, is therefore obtained by analyzing the mass balance relations. For a certain type of source rock with a certain maturation history, the changes of its TOC respond only to the rates of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. In actual cases of geological entities, DTOC generally ranges from -0.05 to 0.2, while the calculated reconversion coefficient (k) for organic carbon content remains between 0.90 and 1.25. Only in an ideal situation where there are extremely high rates of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion can the DTOC value experience significant changes, with k reaching up to 2.5. It is concluded, therefore, that the criterion for carbonates source rock assessment, based on reconverting the TOC to the value of its original state, may have overestimated the course of the "carbon-reduction", which is likely in many cases to make a poor source rock sound better.     

Study on the threshold value of organic enrichment of carbonate as gas source rocks

In this paper, calculations have been performed about gas quantity of generation, adsorption, dissolving in oil, dissolving in water, diffusion of unit area carbonate rocks at different geologic conditions in the Tarim basin. According to the material balance principle, the corresponding organic carbon content when gas started expelling from source rocks with separate phases has been worked out. We regard it as the theoretical threshold value (TOCmin) of gas source rocks under the same geologic condition. Based on the simulating calculation, a fact has been discovered that TOCmin decreases with the increasing source rocks thickness, decreases at the beginning and then increases with the increasing maturity and decreases with the better type of organic matter. TOCmin evaluation table of carbonate gas source rocks in the Tarim basin has been established. Investigations indicate that the TOCmin of carbonate gas source rocks varies greatly with the differences of geologic conditions, and gas source rocks cannot be evaluated with a unified TOC threshold value. And we also establish a preliminary evaluation table of TOC industrial threshold value, TOCgy, of carbonate gas source rocks in the Tarim basin.