南太平洋所罗门群岛海域黄鳍金枪鱼繁殖生物学研究

根据2012年9~12月所罗门群岛海域采集的353尾黄鳍金枪鱼Thunnus albacares样本,分析渔获物个体组成、性别比例、性成熟率和性腺指数等繁殖生物学参数。结果表明,捕获个体中包含大小两个群体;雌性群体个体规格明显小于雄性(p0.001)。春夏季9~12月雌、雄总体性别比为0.67︰1,显著偏离1︰1(p0.01);但性别比例与调查月份和个体大小密切相关,从9月到12月逐渐接近,至12月达到1︰1(p0.05)。性别比例随叉长增长逐步降低,叉长大于110cm个体中以雄性为主(p0.05),雌性比例与叉长呈现线性负相关关系,相关系数为-0.90,(p0.01)。雌、雄个体性成熟率和性腺指数在春末夏初间逐步增长,至11~12月达到最高;Ⅴ~Ⅵ期产卵个体比例增加,这表明所罗门群岛海域黄鳍金枪鱼春夏季存在产卵群体,从10月开始出现产卵个体,调查期间12月产卵个体比例达到相对最高,并且性腺指数与叉长呈现正相关关系;更一步的分析表明,雌、雄个体初次性成熟叉长分别为97.4cm和103.7cm。对该海域黄鳍金枪鱼繁殖生物学的研究有助于了解该种群资源状况,对渔业资源评估具有重要意义。     

A Moored Underwater Energy Conservation System for Profiling Measurement

There is a need to obtain the hydrologic data including ocean current,wave,temperature and so on in the South China Sea.A new profiling instrument which does not suffer from the damage due to nature forces or incidents caused by passing ships,is under development to acquire data from this area.This device is based on a taut single point mid-water mooring system.It incorporates a small,instrumented vertically profiling float attached via an electromechanical cable to a winch integral with the main subsurface flotation.On a pre-set schedule,the instrument float with sensors is winched up to the surface if there is no ship passing by,which is defined by an on-board miniature sonar.And it can be immediately winched down to a certain depth if the sonar sensor finds something is coming.Since,because of logistics,the area can only be visited once for a long time and a minimum of 10 times per day profiles are desired,energy demands are severe.To respond to these concerns,the system has been designed to conserve a substantial portion of the potential energy lost during the ascent phase of each profile and subsequently use this energy to pull the instrument down.Compared with the previous single-point layered measuring mode,it is advanced and economica1.At last the paper introduces the test in the South China Sea.     

似刺鳊鮈肌肉营养成分与品质的评价

利用常规方法对似刺鳊鮈(Paracanthobrama guichenoti Bleeker)进行了含肉率、可食率、肌肉弹性、肌肉营养成分测定并系统评价了鱼肉品质,旨在评价似刺鳊鮈的营养价值,为似刺鳊鮈的营养生理、养殖和加工研究提供基础资料.结果显示,似刺鳊鮈雄鱼的含肉率为(72.76±0.89)%,雌鱼为(68.99±0.76)%;雄鱼可食率为(78.36±0.93)%,雌鱼为(83.75±1.01)%;肌肉弹性值为(547.86±21.48)g;鲜样中粗蛋白含量为(18.10±0.17)%,粗脂肪含量为(2.32±0.13)%,水分(78.10±0.87)%,灰分(1.07±0.12)%;肌肉含有17种氨基酸,总量占鲜样的(14.91±0.31)%,其中7种人体必需氨基酸(除色氨酸外)含量占鲜样的(6.07±0.07)%,与非必需氨基酸的比值(EAA/NEAA)为68.67%,其必需氨基酸构成比例基本符合FAO/WHO的标准.必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为73.46,支链氨基酸与芳香族氨基酸的比值(F值)为2.21,4种鲜味氨基酸占鲜样的5.73%;脂肪酸中EPA与DHA质量分数分别为2.94%,1.26%;微量元素含量丰富,钙镁含量较高;鱼肉品质系统评价结果表明,似刺鳊鮈是一种营养价值较高且有一定保健作用的鱼类.     

长江品崇明东滩盐沼前缘地带悬浮泥沙横向通量的潮周期变化

对长江口崇明东滩盐沼边缘及邻近光滩处的水深、流速和悬沙含量的潮周期变化过程进行了现场实测,并对横向悬沙通量进行了计算和分析.研究结果表明,在平静天气条件下光滩和盐沼上的流速过程有明显差异,植被缓流作用在落潮期更为显著,流速在涨潮由光滩向盐沼不断增大.与涨潮流速优势相对应,涨潮期平均悬沙含量是落潮期的1.8倍.横向悬沙通量以向岸输移为主,悬沙总通量与潮次内最大水深的四次方呈显著正相关.在平静天气条件下潮汐作用控制着盐沼前缘地带泥沙输移水平,盐沼滩面保持稳定淤积,前缘光滩淤积速率高于盐沼处的,盐沼逐渐向海延伸.在大风天气条件下潮次内的流速和悬沙含量水平提高了数倍,悬沙输移量大增,净输移仍以向岸方向为主,在盐沼上部和前缘光滩均可能在短期内发生大量淤积.     

Characterization of marine microplankton communities of Qingdao coastal areas using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA（RAPD）

Microplankton communities of three coastal sites of Qingdao, Shandong Province, China were investigated using RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) molecular markers and morphological observations. Eight RAPD-primers were selected to amplify the DNA polymorphy. The genetic distances inferred from the pairwise similari-ties were calculated for the phylogenetic tree construction. Meantime, the traditional microscopic determination, a way of visualizing the species composition, was performed to detect the major taxa of microplanktons from all samples. Results showed that: (1) the band sharing index values were in the range of 0. 504 2-0. 763 2 among samples from the same sampling site at different time scales, while 0.406 5-0.685 7 among the samples from different stations at the same time scales, indicating that spatial variations of microplankton communities were more pronounced than temporal ones; (2) samples from the same station basically clustered together, cor-responding to the geographic distribution of the sampling sites; (3) diversity derived from genetic and morpho-logical data did not correspond with each other well.     

内蒙岱海湖岩芯碳酸盐含量变化与气候环境演化

内蒙岱海是位于东南季风区的西北边缘的内陆封闭湖泊,对气候变化十分敏感。本文根据对岱海湖泊岩芯的碳酸盐含量分析,结合湖泊沉积岩性特征、介形类化石以及其年代学研究,初步讨论了岱海距今近千年的气候环境演化过程,结果表明：９３０ａＢＰ—６７０ａＢＰ气候以温湿为主,６７０ａＢＰ—５４０ａＢＰ,气候以冷偏湿为主;５４０ａＢｐ—４９０ａＢ．Ｐ．湖泊急剧退缩,以冷偏干气候为主;４９０ａＢｐ—２７０ａＢＰ以凉干气候为主;２７０ａＢＰ－１５０温干气候;１５０年以来,湖区有效降水有所增加的温偏湿气候为主。     

海水养殖池海洋原甲藻水华前后水化条件的变化

本文研究了海水养殖池塘实验围隔中海洋原甲藻水华暴发前、后水化条件的变化,得出了如下结果：海洋原甲藻水华一般多发生在连续晴朗的天气,而常在阴雨天气崩溃;从水化条件方面来说,该藻水华也常发生于ＮＯ３－Ｎ浓度以及Ｎ／Ｐ比较大时。在扁灌等绿藻类与海洋原甲藻交替成为优势种时,可以利用水体中Ｃh１。总量及Ｃｈ１．ｂ、Ｃｈ１．ｃ之间 的波动情况来反映该水华的发生与崩溃。     

南海东北部表层沉积中有孔虫的分布及其环境意义

为了探讨南海东北部表层沉积中有孔虫分布的规律，选取184个表层样进行分析，结果发现有孔虫的垂向分布与碳酸盐的溶解作用密切相关。在2300－2500m水深以下，浮游有孔虫丰度迅速减小，而底栖有孔虫占有孔虫全群的比值BF／（BF＋PF）以及底栖有孔虫胶结质壳类的百分含量则迅速增加，这三者随水深的变化在3400－3500m处有一明显的转变，被认为是南海东北部CCD面（碳酸盐补偿深度）所在的位置，且该研究区内碳酸盐补偿深度南部较北部深100m。浮游有孔虫水平分布除了受表层海水温度的的控制外，黑潮南海分支以及吕宋岛北端上升流区带来的富营养水体的存在也起很重要的作用。     

EEA——一种新的、重要的海洋生态学参数及其应用

细菌胞外酶作为海洋环境中有机物与细菌相互作用的中介，其活性高低反映了细菌对相关有机组分的改造程度及该有机组分对细菌生长繁殖的营养贡献。胞外酶活性（extracellular enzyme activity,EEA)研究对于深入了解海洋生态系有着重要意义。本文概述了胞外酶活性特性、影响因素及调控机制；台湾海峡胞外酶活性研究原理，现场测定方法及影响因素，分析了台湾海峡β-葡萄糖苷酶与细菌产量、生物量的关系。