危地马拉翡翠宝石矿物学特征及其与缅甸翡翠的对比研究

危地马拉目前已成为仅次于缅甸的第二大翡翠原料供应地。这两个产地翡翠辨别的需求愈发迫切,且应用意义较大。采用显微镜观察、电子探针分析及背散射电子照相获得危地马拉蓝水料翡翠的矿物成分及结构构造特征,结合两产地翡翠产出的大地构造环境、自然地理环境、原石特征与矿物成分特征等进行对比分析。总体上,危地马拉翡翠次生原石有一定的磨圆,呈次棱角状,“皮”(风化皮)厚度较薄,较少出现翻砂现象,由“皮”向里,极少甚至几乎不存在“红雾”。相对地,缅甸翡翠次生原石发育显著的球状风化,原石通常有较好的磨圆度,棱角状不明显,“皮”厚度可达数厘米,用手压磨有显著的翻砂现象, “皮”“肉”之间偶可见“红雾”。硬玉与绿辉石成分判别图显示危地马拉翡翠中硬玉和绿辉石呈相对富Ca、贫Na的特征,而缅甸翡翠中硬玉和绿辉石整体呈相对贫Ca、富Na的特征。在Fe含量上,危地马拉翡翠中硬玉的Fe含量较缅甸翡翠中硬玉的Fe含量偏低,而危地马拉翡翠中绿辉石的Fe含量较缅甸翡翠中绿辉石的Fe含量偏高。对翡翠外观特征的充分对比和对判别图的综合分析可应用于实际中翡翠产地的区分。     

Genesis of Geothermal Fluid in Typical Geothermal Fields in Western Sichuan,China

The hydrogeochemical characteristics of geothermal fluids can reveal the genesis of geothermal systems and act as important references for developing and using geothermal resources.This study presents hydrogeochemical processes and thermal cycle mechanisms of typical geothermal fields in Western Sichuan.Based on the geological conditions in Western Sichuan,29 hot springs in three geothermal fields in the Batang and Litang areas were selected for hydrochemical and isotopic (δD andδ~(18)O) analyses.Furthermore,the temperature of the thermal reservoir was calculated and the upflow cooling process of the hot springs was analyzed.Most of the subterranean hot waters in Batang and Litang are of the HCO_3-Na hydrochemical type.The ion variation in Batang is primarily affected by water-rock interactions.There is a strong positive correlation between Na~+,B~-,and Cl~-in Litang,suggesting that they have the same material source.The Na~+and metaboric acid content is relatively high,which indicates that the groundwater runoff in both areas is relatively long-lasting,with reduced flow velocity;moreover,the metasilicic acid content is relatively high,which supports this conclusion.Both hydrogen and oxygen isotopes plot near the atmospheric precipitation line,indicating that groundwater recharge is functionally obtained from precipitation.The calculated thermal storage temperatures in Batang and Litang were 88–199°C and 96–154°C,respectively.The proportion of cold water mixing in Batang was 64%–67%,while that in Litang was 60%–68%.According to the calculated results,the initial thermal cycle depth of the Batang area (4540–4780 m) was greater than that of the Litang area (3150–3960 m).The enthalpy of the deep parental geothermal fluid in Batang was 1550 J/g with a Cl~-concentration of 37 mg/L,while that in Litang was 2100 J/g with a Cl~-concentration of 48 mg/L.     

济南十大泉群特征、形成模式及水循环差异性浅析

为了全面系统地认识济南十大泉群,文章采用对比分析法揭示十大泉群分布、流量、景观及水质特征,通过水文地质结构精细刻画与泉水排泄条件分析,进一步明确十大泉群成因差异性,归纳泉水形成模式,揭示十大泉群水循环的差异性。结果表明:十大泉群基本特征可大致分为两类,即排泄区6个泉群均为上升泉、南部补给区4个泉群均为下降泉;十大泉群形成模式可划分为五类,即构造凸起—灰岩“天窗”成泉、构造凸起—裂隙连通成泉、浅埋多层砂层与高渗透黏土导通成泉、断裂切割成泉和侵蚀溢流成泉模式;宏观上济南十大泉群水循环受北倾单斜构造控制,其输入条件、输导系统和输出方式差异较小;微观上6个承压型泉群泉水输出方式差异性明显,其灰岩覆盖层类型、厚度、渗透性及灰岩顶板埋深差别较大,导致泉水出流形态、流量及水质不同,形成各自独特的景观。岩溶泉水微观成因的详细研究可为济南十大泉群分类保护提供重要地质依据。      

快速失水下5种喀斯特植物离体叶片叶绿素荧光的响应

文章设置饱水及随后失水处理自然生长的5种喀斯特植物叶片,测定其叶绿素荧光参数,分析各植物光合过程的响应特征。结果显示:盐肤木（Rhus chinensis）PSII反应中心活性及电子传递受严重失水影响,而其稳定的光能转化及光化学效率得益于叶绿素浓度的不断增加;构树（Broussonetia papyrifera）和金银花（Lonicera japonica）的叶绿素浓度逐渐升高随后趋于稳定,构树PSII反应中心对失水敏感,其活性及光能转化对随后持续失水逐渐适应。金银花光合结构及PSII反应中心表现稳定;火棘（Pyracantha fortuneana）叶绿素浓度从第4小时开始增加,光合结构趋于稳定,电子传递速率及光能转化逐渐增加;杨梅（Myrica rubra）电子传递速率及光化学效率均较低。      

淮南深部地球物理实验场重力噪声水平初步分析

利用淮南深部地球物理实验场地下848 m巷道内的Burris弹簧重力仪和地表LCR-ET20弹簧重力仪同期连续重力潮汐观测资料,对实验场地表和地下重力噪声水平进行了初步分析.分析结果表明在频率小于1.70 mHz(对应周期约为9.8 min)时,地下重力噪声水平都要比地表低;特别是在重力仪敏感的信号频段(周期大于3h的信号频段),地下848 m巷道内的重力噪声水平要比地表低约2个数量级,充分验证了实验场地下观测环境具有低重力噪声水平的超静特点.实验结果证明淮南深部地球物理实验场地下848 m巷道可为深地多物理场观测提供超静观测环境,为检测微弱地球物理场信号提供绝佳观测条件.     

Quantitative characterization of different coal rank reservoirs permeability based on NMR and X-CT technology

With the increasing development of coalbed methane (CBM) field, the quantitative characterization and evaluation of coal reservoir physical properties is becoming more and more important to CBM scale development. In order to solve the limitations of conventional methods for testing coal reservoir physical properties, the authors used the high-tech technologies such as nuclear magnetic resonance technology and CT scanning technology to effectively solve the problems of in-situ and integrity of rock samples and acquire the porosity and permeability. Nuclear magnetic resonance and CT scanning experiments of coal samples were carried out to rapidly obtain the pore type, pore size distribution and connectivity, effective porosity, spatial distribution of pore fissures and other refined coal reservoir physical parameters, based on the samples of middle and low rank coal in Shenfu block and high rank coal in Shizhuangnan block. So a set of quantitative characterization analysis technology that can be applied to coal reservoirs with different coal rank was formed.     

关中地区地磁比值Rq的变化与地震关系的分析

应用小波分析空间差分法分析了泾阳台、乾陵台、周至台和郑州台的Z分量的地磁磁静日Rg值的变化规律，结果显示，各台的磁静日Rg值有较一致的年变规律。分析泾阳台与其它各台的磁静日R。差值分析和小波变换，发现1998年1月5日泾阳4．8级地震前4个月内存在较明显的异常变化。可能反映了泾阳地震的震磁效应。对远离泾阳台、乾陵台的青海昆仑山口西8．1级地震，震前也有明显异常变化。     

天津宝坻县隐伏岩溶区地下水开发与地裂缝成生关系研究

在调查分析地裂缝时空分布特征的基础上,研究地裂活动与区内水文地质条件、地下水开采过程的关系,认为过量开采奥灰水是产生地裂缝的主导因素。随着水位下降,盖层介质固结压密作用是导致地面压缩变形乃至地裂缝发生的直接原因。地下水系统结构特征以及固结压密作用的物质基础———松散盖层的厚度、岩性,是构成地面不均匀沉降的充要条件。当这种不均匀变形程度足以使土体连续性破坏时,则地裂缝便在沉降区应力集中的部位发生。     

青藏高原DEM的生成与应用

数字高程模型（DEM）不仅可以实现三维地形可视化，而且还能由其进一步获得与高程有关的地形要素。针对青藏高原DEM生成和应用过程中碰到的数据量大、区域广阔、应用难度大等问题，本文给出了相应的解决方案，提出一套DEM制作和应用流程：以1：25万地形图矢量等高线数据内插方式生成青藏高原DEM数据，在此基础上，运用Mask处理后相交分析思想与多级金字塔、DEM水淹分析、高程分带等处理技术实现了青藏高原三维地形可视化、三维遥感影像制作、及其它生态地质环境因素的变化分析。基于此方法生成的青藏高原DEM数据，不仅精度高，三维地形可视化效果好，而且解决了海量DEM数据与其它资料综合分析的问题。