雾水的D和18O同位素研究进展

凝结水的D、¹⁸O同位素研究目前主要集中在雾水方面,露水和土壤吸附水的相关研究仍属空白。由于形成时的温度较高,大多数雾水的D、¹⁸O同位素较当地雨水富集,但不同类型雾的同位素特征存在差异。平流式海洋雾为单级的蒸发—冷凝封闭循环系统的首次凝结,D、¹⁸O同位素较当地雨水显著富集;热带云雾林中的地形雾与降雨同时发生,且水分源于同一云团,δD、δ¹⁸O值差异较小;内陆辐射雾因部分水汽源于当地水分的再循环,过量氘和δD、δ¹⁸O值高于降雨。目前有少量研究用D、¹⁸O同位素指示雾水对植被、地下水和地表径流的补给作用,但以定性分析为主,基于端元混合模型的定量评价极少。露水和土壤吸附水的稳定同位素研究是干旱区凝结水研究的重要方向;D、¹⁸O同位素与其它同位素或化学指标的结合有助于促进凝结水生态水文效应的研究进展;短间隔、高密度的长期观测和用于稳定同位素分析的凝结水采样器的设计是需要进一步开展的工作。     

Interaction of copper with fatty acids in Soxhlet extraction and its influence

Treatment with metallic copper for the removal of elemental sulfur from bitumen extracted from sedimentary rocks or petroleum is the most widely used method. Little attention has been paid, however, to its disadvantages. It was observed that copper can interact with some polar organic substances during conventional sulfur removal, which can strongly influence the quantitative and qualitative determination of bitumen, as has been confirmed by interaction of long-chain fatty acids with copper. The copper soap generated was analyzed by element analysis, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry （ICP-OES）, thermal analysis （TG-DSC） and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy （FFIR）. Mechanism of the interaction was investigated and elucidated. Our experimental results would necessitate improvement of the present method for sulfur removal and/or a search for a new one.     

δ13c-δ18O Covariance:An Effective Indicator of Hydrological Closure for Lakes?

The correlation between the Δ13c and 18O in primary carbonates is affected by several factors such as hydrological balance, total CO2 concentrations, climatic condition and lake productivity.The influence of these factors on the Δ13c-δ18 correlation may be different on different time scales. In this paper, two different-type lakes in southwestern China, Lake Erhal and Lake Chenghai, are selected to investigate the influence of climatic pattern on the Δ13c-Δ18o correlation and to evaluate the reliability of the Δ13c-Δ18o covariance as an indicator of hydrological closure. The results show that there exists good correlation between the Δ13c and Δ18o in Lake Erhai (overflowing open lake) and inLake Chenghal (closed lake). This suggests that the Δ13c-Δ18o covariance may be not an effective indicator of hydrological closure for lakes, especially on short time scales. On the one hand, a hydrologically open lake may display covariant Δ13c and δ18 as a result of climatic influence. The particular alternate warm-dry and cold-wet climatic pattern in southwestern China may be the principal cause of the Δ13c-δ18 covariance in Lake Erhai and Lake Chenghal. On the other hand, a hydrologically closed lake unnecessarily displays covariant trends between Δ13c and δ18 because of the buffering effect of high CO2 concentration on the Δ13c shift in hyper-alkaline lakes. We should be the buffering feeect of high CO2 concentration on the 13Cshift in hyper-alkaline lakes.We should be prudent when we use the covariance between 13C and 18O to judge the hydrological closure of lake.     

地震瞬时属性分析技术在岩溶勘查中的应用

介绍地震瞬时属性分析技术的原理及处理方法,分别对岩溶在地震剖面、瞬时振幅剖面、瞬时频率剖面、瞬时相位剖面上的表现特征作了说明.并结合实际资料进行多参数解释,进而确定地下岩溶的发育情况、分布范围和规模,同时对异常进行钻井验证,结果表明,地震瞬时属性分析技术比常规地震处理方法能更好地排除干扰,确定岩溶异常.     

多源遥感数据综合解译鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区地质构造

利用多源遥感数据假彩色合成、融合及纹理分析等增强处理方法提取研究区构造信息,进而对研究区进行综合解译;通过分析水系、色调、纹理、地貌及岩性等特征,判断出杭锦旗地区存在一小一大、内外相套的2个环形构造,发育的北西向、北东向2组共轭断层和一组北北西向断层,与环形构造相互构架,构成研究区特殊的构造体系。经分析预测,这些构造是受周边南北向构造应力共同挤压而形成。     

粤东成矿地质背景及银-铜-铅-锌成矿物质来源探讨

通过对粤东地区地层和岩石中成矿元素含量和区域地质背景的分析,认为粤东地区铜铅-锌-银成矿作用与燕山期的构造-岩浆作用关系密切,成矿物质中银-铜-锌以下地壳来源为主,铅则以上地壳及沉积地层来源为主。     

现代地图语言

地图符号发展到今天,已经超越了其符号本身,应当把它当作一种语言来研究,即地图语言。地图语言使人们使用地图进行空间认识更加贴近现实,使地理空间信息的传输更加准确、生动和形象。文中主要对现代地图语言的形成,现代地图语言的主要表现形式即视觉符号、听觉符号和触觉符号,以及地图语言的本质即视觉变量、听觉变量和触觉变量进行了探讨。     

六道湾煤矿塌陷西区地面沉降监测设计方法探讨

介绍乌鲁木齐市六道湾煤矿塌陷区综合治理过程中地面沉降观测站、观测线的设计方法,所需观测内容,观测方法以及所使用观测仪器的精度。在观测站、观测线设计时综合考虑老采空区变形的影响,并针对该区两个不同时段开采变形观测站布设方法分别进行了设计。其中所介绍的设计方法对其它地区类似煤矿塌陷区综合治理有一定意义。     

高程异常数据库的建立与自动查询方法

应用ArcGIS实现高程异常等值线图的数字化和属性入库,建立高程异常数据库;在对距离加权、最小二乘插值、梯度插值3种数学方法对比分析的基础上,在面向对象的Visual Basic6．0环境下应用MapObjects地理信息控件,实现高程异常值的自动查询及显示、缩放、漫游等相关功能。     

盆地地下水系统的数值模拟研究——以山西灵石静升盆地为例

以山西灵石静升盆地为例,选择三维流数学模型,合理刻画了模型边界,利用CFC定年技术对模型进行识别校正,提高了模型仿真程度,构建了适合盆地地下水系统的数值模型.最后对不同水平年盆地水动力特征进行了输出分析.