绳索定向造斜及取心技术应用

绳索取心技术因其钻进效率高而广泛应用,但其无法实施定向作业。本项目可在采用绳索取心的同时,不需要采用井底螺杆钻具进行定向勘探,该技术是近几年才发展起来的高新技术。目前在世界范围内,仅有少数几个国家掌握该技术,其中以挪威和美国取得世界领先地位。简要介绍了绳索定向造斜和取心技术的原理及技术参数,并介绍了云南华泽矿区的施工应用实例。     

利用父母本微卫星标记估计大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼生长性状的遗传参数

The estimation of genetic parameters has played an important role in animal selective breeding for growth traits.Recently studies show that molecular markers can be incorporated into genetic evaluations. In order to improve the performance of an incomplete pedigree(i.e, only parents are known) in the genetic evaluations, 12 microsatellite markers have been applied in the estimation of the genetic parameters for body weight in a farmed population(n=1 890) of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.). A new relatedness called parental molecular relatedness(PMR) is estimated based on results of genotyping of 48 parents(31 males, 17 females) with microsatellites markers. The feasibility of PMR in estimation of genetic parameters is verified by comparison with pedigree related(PR) which is obtained from a complete pedigree. The results demonstrate that a high correlation(0.872) between them is found. Heritabilities are estimated using the PMR(0.52±0.13) and PR(0.55±0.22) with the same animal model. A cross-validation shows that the predictive abilities of models using the PMR and the PR are identical(0.81). From that, a conclusion can be made that PMR and PR predicted genetic values equally well in a population of juvenile turbot. Therefore PMR can be applied as an alternative of the PR when only parents are known. However, for a better performance, more markers and more families should be included in a further study.     

一株海洋微藻的分离鉴定及其产油条件优化

自青岛近岸海水中分离到一株硅藻,经形态学和分子生物学鉴定,表明该藻与小头菱形藻(Nitzschia microcephala)最为相近,18SrDNA相似性99%以上。研究以f/2培养基为基础,对该藻的生长和油脂积累条件进行探析,表明其在pH=6~8时具有较高的生长速率,最大可达到0.01d-1,油脂含量随pH的升高而降低;添加SiO2-3可以抑制菱形藻的生长和油脂积累;高浓度的Fe3+能促进菱形藻的生长;在Zn2+浓度为1.74μmol/L的条件下,菱形藻能够较好地生长并且进行油脂的积累;其中pH、SiO2-3和Fe3+是影响该藻生长和油脂积累的主要因子。正交试验研究表明,该藻在f/2培养液中生长和油脂积累的最优条件为初始pH=9,SiO2-3和Fe3+添加浓度分别为0.07和100μmol/L。在该最优条件下,该藻的生物量和油脂积累可分别达到94.7mg/L和19.6%。     

Warming and depth convergence of the Arctic Intermediate Water in the Canada Basin during 1985-2006

The warming of the Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) is studied based on the analyses of hydrographic observations in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean during 1985-2006. It is shown that how the anomalously warm AIW spreads in the Canada Basin during the observation time through the analysis of the AIW temperature spatial distribution in different periods. The results indicate that by 2006, the entire Canada Basin has almost been covered by the warming AIW. In order to study interannual variability of the AIW in the Canada Basin, the Canada Basin is divided into five regions according to the bottom topography. From the interannual variation of AIW temperature in each region, it is shown that a cooling period follows after the warming event in upstream regions. At the Chukchi Abyssal Plain and Chukchi Plateau, upstream of the Arctic Circumpolar Boundary Current (ACBC) in the Canada Basin, the AIW temperature reached maximum and then started to fall respectively in 2000 and 2002. However, the AIW in the Canada Abyssal Plain and Beaufort Sea continues to warm monotonically until the year 2006. Furthermore, it is revealed that there is convergence of the AIW depth in the five different regions of the Canada Basin when the AIW warming occurs during observation time. The difference of AIW depth between the five regions of the Canada Basin is getting smaller and smaller, all approaching 410 m in recent years. The results show that depth convergence is related to the variation of AIW potential density in the Canada Basin.     

长江口理化因子影响初级生产力的探索Ⅲ.长江河口区水域磷酸盐供给的主要水系组成

长江口水域的水系组成和特征的综合研究结果表明,长江、台湾暖流、气旋型涡旋和32°N附近的上升流从东、南、西、北四个方向向长江口水域提供了丰富的磷酸盐,并且均以不同的时间、方式和强度提供磷酸盐。长江口的浅海区南侧有上升流出现,这可由物理海洋、海洋化学和海洋生物调查数据予以证实。这样,展示了整个长江河口区水域磷酸盐的输送过程,为研究长江河口区磷酸盐的分布成因和浮游植物的生长过程提供了科学基础。     

海浪外观波数谱与谱宽度最优确定

本文将外频谱转化为外观波数谱并设计了计算处理格式,提出了一种谱宽度参量的优化方法,为进一步研究海浪特征资料提取谱值和应用奠定基础。数值试验验证了此方法的可行性,但在高海况下风浪过程复杂,优化出的谱宽度偏大,外观谱解析形式需进一步改进     

冲绳海槽浮岩包裹体的测温试验

对浮岩中斜长石斑晶中的包裹体及玻璃基质中的包裹体首先进行双面光薄片的镜下观察，然后进行了系统的均化法与爆裂法测温试验。观察与试验结果表明：(1)斜长石中的包裹体均为玻璃质+气泡的两相包裹体，未发现气—液包裹体。固化包裹体为玻璃质，非晶质的固化包裹体外即是大量的气泡，特别是基质当中气泡更为发育，说明熔浆中含有丰富的挥发性组分，同时也说明包裹体形成于较浅的地质条件下。(2)长石中包裹体的均化温度不受包裹体特征不同的影响，均化温度分布范围从910—1250℃，峰值明显，计算的均化温度为Tz=(1081.4±177.9)℃，但还存在有高于1250℃的均化温度峰。包裹体均化法测试结果说明浮岩中斜长石的形成过程至少有两个阶段：第一阶段的岩浆温度在1200—1300℃左右，在此温度下形成的是An值较高的基性斜长石，同时结晶的还有辉石等矿物，斜长石结晶第二个阶段时的熔浆温度在1100℃以下，这一阶段持续的时间长，跨越的温度范围大，应是岩浆在近地表和岩浆喷出过程中的岩浆快速冷却期，同时伴随有矿物大规模晶出。(3)包裹体中的气相部分均聚合成圆形或近圆形，说明温度下降速度较快。斑晶斜长石中部分包裹体与基质玻璃中包裹体的形成温度是连续变化的，这一事实应该与冲绳海槽特殊的地质条件有关     

内蒙古察干淖尔盐湖29-8ka时段的湖面波动

以内蒙古锡林郭勒盟苏尼特右旗的察干淖尔盐湖为研究对象,利用OSL(Optically Stimulated Luminescence)测年技术和DEM(Digital Elevation Model)数字高程模型,重建湖面波动历史,探讨湖泊形成与环境变化过程.通过对察干淖尔盐湖周边大量的野外考察,发现湖泊周围存在海拔高程为1020、978和973 m的三级古湖岸阶地,其OSL测年结果分别为29.2±1.3、18.4±0.8及8.2 8.0 ka.通过湖岸阶地高程恢复的上述3个时期的古湖面积分别为3600、500和400 km~2.与现今的干旱盐湖景观迥然不同.     

叠前叠后流体检测技术在南堡凹陷潜山中的应用研究

南堡凹陷潜山是油田近年来勘探开发、增储上产的重点区域,但其储层横向变化快、类型多、流体复杂的特征,为提高油气勘探成功率,开展了针对碳酸盐岩叠前、叠后流体检测的综合研究,形成一套实用性强的流体检测技术系列.在高保真的逆时偏移数据体和叠前CRP道集的基础上,运用叠前AVO分析、衰减梯度属性、低频能量属性以及多属性综合分析技术在南堡凹陷潜山开展流体检测,在此基础上,优选有利储层发育区,部署探井,取得较好的勘探效果,证实该技术系列的准确、可靠、实用性.