大地形与正压扰动的移行

本文研究了坡度为常数的大地形对于正压扰动移行的影响,并且讨论了周晓平、顾震潮两人所得的结果。     

帕米尔及其周围地区的重力场特征与地壳构造的研究

本文根据帕米尔地区（32°N-42°N,66°E-80°E）的重力资料,计算出深部重力场。以费尔干纳-帕米尔-斯利那加地震测深剖面数据作为控制与参考资料,采用三维横向变密度重力模型,进行重力反演计算,求得研究区莫霍界面的起伏深度,并依此给出研究区的地壳厚度分布特征。结合帕米尔及其周围地区的地震活动和均衡异常,对这一地区的构造运动进行了初步探讨。     

Heavy metals in sediments as evidence for recent pollution and quasi-estuarine processes: an example from Lake Druzno,Poland

This article presents the results of a geochemical investigation of sediments from Lake Druzno (northern Poland), a reservoir fed by freshwater from the catchment, with periodic input of brackish water from Vistula Lagoon. This study analyzed the spatial variation in heavy metal content in surface sediments as well as the temporal changes in metal content in two sediment cores dated using the ²¹⁰Pb method. In the surface sediments, the highest metal concentrations were recorded in the northern part of the lake, with lower concentrations in the central and southern parts. Absolute values of metal concentrations in the cores were low, but normalization with respect to Al showed an increase during the second half of the 20th century. Mean enrichment factors (EF) in sediments from the second half of the 20th century ranged from insignificant (1–1.2) for Fe to (1.55–3.3) for Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn. The sediments deposited before 1950 had lower EF values (>1.5) and had low variability. Results from both the surface sediments and the cores indicate that the main source of lake pollution is brackish water intrusion from the Vistula Lagoon via the contaminated River Elbląg.     

冬小麦基肥尿素氮的N_2排放损失（英文）

准确定量施肥农田土壤的N_2排放仍然困难。本研究基于华北冬小麦季的一次基肥(尿素150 kg N ha~(–1))施用事件,采用氦培养-直接测定N_2法,在与田间土壤温度和氧气含量一致的条件下测定鲜土的N_2和N_2O排放。结果显示:施肥和灌溉/降雨事件共同促进N_2和N_2O出现峰值排放;施肥导致N_2O/(N_2O+N_2)摩尔比增加至0.25;基肥施用后的一个月内,土壤N_2和N_2+N_2O排放损失分别占肥料氮投入的1.6%和2.2%。我们的结果证实了广泛采用的乙炔抑制法极大的低估了冬小麦田石灰性土壤N_2排放造成的肥料氮素损失。     

SH波入射时半圆形凸起与凹陷地形的地震动

研究了弹性半空间中半圆形凸起与凹陷相连地形对SH波的散射问题。将整个求解区域分割为2部分,在其中分别构造满足边界条件的位移解,通过移动坐标使之满足“公共边界”以及半圆形凹陷表面上的边界条件,从而建立起求解该问题的无穷代数方程组。最后,给出了地表位移幅值的数值结果以及凸起地形顶点和凹陷地形最低点处位移幅值的反应谱并进行了讨论。     

Physicochemical structural characterization of ambers from deposits in Poland

The physical and chemical properties of 8 samples of amber from different localities in Poland (Baltic Coast, Bełchatów Tertiary brown coal, and Jaroszów clay mine) were investigated by N₂ sorption at 77 K, positron annihilation spectroscopy for chemical analysis (PASCA) and by organic geochemical methods (FT-IR,¹H and¹³C NMR, GC, and GC-MS). The porosity of the ambers as determined by PASCA consists of narrow micropores with diameters ranging from 0.8 to 0.9 nm and a volume 0.025 cm³ g⁻¹. In the external eroded part of the amber samples (rind) the concentration of pores where positronium atoms can form is lower and consists of approximately12 the concentration as in their interior. Values of pore parameters determined from sorption of N₂ are comparable with those found by the PASCA method. The average diameter of pores ranges from 2 to 12 nm, while their volume varies from 0.018 to 0.048 cm³ g⁻¹.. The chemical character of the ambers is similar based on FT-IR spectroscopy. However, noticeable differences in concentrations of ester and hydroxyl groups are observed in both exterior and interior regions, where the abundances of the ester groups are lower in the exterior rind. The proportion of organic material extractable with chloroform-methanol (1:1, v/v) ranges from 15 to 50% and correlates inversely to the average reflectances (R_r) of polished amber surfaces which range from 1.7 to 0.1 %. These variations are attributed to differing concentrations of oxygenated groups in the respective amber samples. The FT-IR spectra of the non-polar fractions (NP) from the extracts resemble the spectra of the source ambers. However, the intensities of the absorbance for the hdroxyl group are much lower, while absorbances for exomethylene groups are not present. The¹H and¹³C NMR data of NP fractions showed a complex diversity of components in mixtures with different relative concentrations but predominantly aliphatic in character for the respective samples.GC and GC-MS analyses of these fractions revealed that they are comprised of a mixture of compounds typical for Baltic amber but with variable relative concentrations. Two groups of compounds are found to be common to all NP fractions. The first is a minor concentration of homologousn-alkanes with a characteristic Gaussian distribution in the range from C₂₂ to C₃₂ and maximizing at C₂₆–C₂₇. In addition C₂₂ is characteristically slightly higher in concentration compared to C₂₃. The second group of compounds is comprised of succinates with methyl, fenchyl, bomyl and isobornyl alcohols. The composition of these diesters revealed the same equilibrium ratio between compounds with fenchyl, bornyl and isobornyl alcohols in all NP fractions. We suggest an early enzymatically controlled (bacterial) process in the formation of succinates during resin diagenesis from the biotic precursors, yielding the same characteristic ratio of the respective succinates in these ambers. These results show that all the ambers analyzed here fall into a common class of fossil resin, succinite (class Ia) independent of the sample location in Poland.     

观音阁水库引水工程施工控制网的设计

结合观音阁水库引水工程,探讨特长隧洞施工控制网测量的设计,主要研究GPS在特长隧洞测量方面的应用。隧洞贯通的相关技术限差,国家有关测量规范仅规定到8 km之内。参考国内外有关案例和技术规则,进行理论上的精度估算,研究确定采用C级GPS全面网作为首级平面控制网,为以后的特长隧洞施工控制网测量提供了宝贵的经验和理论依据。     

强天气监测和潜势预报系统

该文介绍了国家气象中心的强天气监测和潜势预报系统(NMICAPS短时预报版),该系统是在NMICAPS系统的基础上,为满足国家气象中心的强天气监测和潜势预报业务的需求而开发的。系统采用Linux操作系统平台,在资料检索、数据分析、地理信息应用等几个方面进行了改进,并增加了一些针对强天气潜势预报的功能。该系统操作简便,基本能够满足该项业务的需要。     

X射线荧光光谱测定钛合金样品中多元素

以化学法标定的钛合金作为标准样品，用理论α系数及干扰曲线法进行基体效应和谱线重叠干扰的校正，开发了用X射线荧光光谱测定钛合金样品中除Ti外的常量和微量元素的方法。用该方法测定结果与化学值相符。10次制样测量，各元素的RSD≤1.25%。     

Siliceous cellular concrete made from flotation tailings

Based on the results of large-scale industrial experiments, the value of utilizing flotation tailings for the production of cellular concrete is discussed. The paper is confined to the technical and ecological aspects of the process.