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61.
Torben Koenigk Laurent Brodeau Rune Grand Graversen Johannes Karlsson Gunilla Svensson Michael Tjernström Ulrika Willén Klaus Wyser 《Climate Dynamics》2013,40(11-12):2719-2743
The Arctic climate change is analyzed in an ensemble of future projection simulations performed with the global coupled climate model EC-Earth2.3. EC-Earth simulates the twentieth century Arctic climate relatively well but the Arctic is about 2 K too cold and the sea ice thickness and extent are overestimated. In the twenty-first century, the results show a continuation and strengthening of the Arctic trends observed over the recent decades, which leads to a dramatically changed Arctic climate, especially in the high emission scenario RCP8.5. The annually averaged Arctic mean near-surface temperature increases by 12 K in RCP8.5, with largest warming in the Barents Sea region. The warming is most pronounced in winter and autumn and in the lower atmosphere. The Arctic winter temperature inversion is reduced in all scenarios and disappears in RCP8.5. The Arctic becomes ice free in September in all RCP8.5 simulations after a rapid reduction event without recovery around year 2060. Taking into account the overestimation of ice in the twentieth century, our model results indicate a likely ice-free Arctic in September around 2040. Sea ice reductions are most pronounced in the Barents Sea in all RCPs, which lead to the most dramatic changes in this region. Here, surface heat fluxes are strongly enhanced and the cloudiness is substantially decreased. The meridional heat flux into the Arctic is reduced in the atmosphere but increases in the ocean. This oceanic increase is dominated by an enhanced heat flux into the Barents Sea, which strongly contributes to the large sea ice reduction and surface-air warming in this region. Increased precipitation and river runoff lead to more freshwater input into the Arctic Ocean. However, most of the additional freshwater is stored in the Arctic Ocean while the total Arctic freshwater export only slightly increases. 相似文献
62.
Pirin Erdodu Ofer Lahav Saleem Zaroubi George Efstathiou Steve Moody John A. Peacock Matthew Colless Ivan K. Baldry Carlton M. Baugh Joss Bland-Hawthorn Terry Bridges Russell Cannon Shaun Cole Chris Collins Warrick Couch Gavin Dalton Roberto De Propris Simon P. Driver Richard S. Ellis Carlos S. Frenk Karl Glazebrook Carole Jackson Ian Lewis Stuart Lumsden Steve Maddox Darren Madgwick Peder Norberg Bruce A. Peterson Will Sutherland Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,352(3):939-960
63.
64.
The fragmentary light-curve of the Seyfert galaxy 3C120, based on photometry of the bestavailable Harvard plates of the past 60 yr, has been subjected to a periodicity analysis using a method (Appendix) particularly suited to this type of irregularly-spaced data. The analysis yields convincing evidence for a period of about 350 d and some indication of a longer period of about 22.5 yr. The observational data often depart appreciably from the light curve synthesized from the two periodic components. In one comparatively well-documented segment (1934–1939), the agreement between observational data and the synthesized model improves if it is assumed that a pair of oppositelydirected phase shifts have occurred, disturbing the 350-day period and then causing it to recover. 相似文献
65.
A petrological investigation of abyssal, plagioclase-free spinel peridotite drilled during ODP cruise 153 in the North Atlantic revealed that the peridotite represent refractory, partial residual mantle material that experienced depletion of incompatible trace elements during upper mantle melting. The degree of partial melting as estimated from spinel compositions was c. 12%. Fractionated middle and heavy rare earth elements imply polybaric melting, with c. 1–4% initial melting in the garnet peridotite stability field and subsequent partial melting of ~7–10% in the spinel peridotite stability field. Geothermobarometric investigations revealed that the solid-state equilibration of the spinel peridotite occurred at some 1,100–1,150°C and c. 20–23 kbar, corresponding to an equilibration depth of c. 70?±?5 km and an unusually low thermal gradient of some 11–17°C/km. A thermal re-equilibration of the peridotite occurred at ~850–1,000°C at similar depths. Naturally, the initial mantle melting in the garnet-peridotite stability field must have commenced at depths greater than 70?±?5 km. It is likely that the residual peridotite rose rapidly through the lithospheric cap towards the ridge axis. The exhumation of the abyssal peridotite occurred, at least in parts, via extensional detachment faulting. Given the shallow to moderate dip angles of the fault surfaces, the exhumation of the peridotite from its equilibration depth would imply an overall ridge-normal horizontal displacement of c. 50–160 km if tectonic stretching and detachment faulting were the sole exhumation mechanism. 相似文献
66.
Matt Hilton Chris Collins Roberto De Propris Ivan K. Baldry Carlton M. Baugh Joss Bland-Hawthorn Terry Bridges Russell Cannon Shaun Cole Matthew Colless Warrick J. Couch Gavin B. Dalton Simon P. Driver George Efstathiou Richard S. Ellis Carlos S. Frenk Karl Glazebrook Carole A. Jackson Ofer Lahav Ian Lewis Stuart Lumsden Steve J. Maddox Darren Madgwick Peder Norberg John A. Peacock Bruce A. Peterson Will Sutherland Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2005,363(2):661-674
67.
The blueschist and greenschist units on the island of Sifnos, Cyclades were affected by Eocene high‐pressure (HP) metamorphism. Using conventional geothermobarometry, the HP peak metamorphic stage was determined at 550–600 °C and 20 kbar, close to the blueschist and the eclogite facies transition. The retrograde P–T paths are inferred with phase diagrams. Pseudosections based on a quantitative petrogenetic grid in the model system Na2O–CaO–FeO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O reveal coeval decompression and cooling for both the blueschist and the greenschist unit. The conditions of the metamorphic peak and those of the retrograde stages conform to a similar metamorphic gradient of 10–12 °C km?1 for both units. The retrograde overprint can be assigned to low‐pressure blueschist to HP greenschist facies conditions. This result cannot be reconciled with the (prograde) Barrovian‐type event, which affected parts of the Cyclades during the Oligocene to Miocene. Instead, the retrograde overprint is interpreted in terms of exhumation, directly after the HP stage, without a separate metamorphic event. Constraints on the exhumation mechanism are given by decompression‐cooling paths, which can be explained by exhumation in a fore‐arc setting during on‐going subduction and associated crustal shortening. Back‐arc extension is only responsible for the final stage of exhumation of the HP units. 相似文献
68.
V. R. Eke Carlton M. Baugh Shaun Cole Carlos S. Frenk Peder Norberg John A. Peacock Ivan K. Baldry Joss Bland-Hawthorn Terry Bridges Russell Cannon Matthew Colless Chris Collins Warrick Couch Gavin Dalton Roberto De Propris Simon P. Driver George Efstathiou Richard S. Ellis Karl Glazebrook Carole Jackson Ofer Lahav Ian Lewis Stuart Lumsden Steve Maddox Darren Madgwick Bruce A. Peterson Will Sutherland Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,348(3):866-878
69.
70.
Darren S. Madgwick Ed Hawkins Ofer Lahav Steve Maddox Peder Norberg John A. Peacock Ivan K. Baldry Carlton M. Baugh Joss Bland-Hawthorn Terry Bridges Russell Cannon Shaun Cole Matthew Colless Chris Collins Warrick Couch Gavin Dalton Roberto De Propris Simon P. Driver George Efstathiou Richard S. Ellis Carlos S. Frenk Karl Glazebrook Carole Jackson Ian Lewis Stuart Lumsden Bruce A. Peterson Will Sutherland Keith Taylor 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2003,344(3):847-856