塔里木河流域冰川洪水对气候变暖的响应

In past 50 years, the air temperature fluctuation was raising trend in Tarim River Basin. The annual mean temperature has increased by 0.3℃ in the whole Tarim River Basin, and by 0.6℃ in the mountain areas. With global warming, the frequency of unstable and extreme climatic events increased, glaciers retreating accelerated and snow meltwater increased have resulted in the more frequency of snow-ice disasters such as glacier debrisflow and glacier flash flood etc. Since 1980s, in the process of intense climate warming, glaciers melting intensified, ice temperature rose and glaciers flows accelerated, and lead to more glacial lakes and extending water storage capacity and stronger glacial lake outburst floods occurrence. It is proposed that the monitoring and evaluating of the impact of climate change on water resources and floods should be enhanced.     

滇西北香格里拉市红牛—红山铜矿勘查系统模型

滇西北红牛—红山铜矿床是义敦—沙鲁里岛弧上与晚白垩纪中酸性侵入体有关的典型的斑岩-矽卡岩-热液型铜矿床。本文通过对其成矿地质背景、矿床地质特征、矿化富集规律及成矿模式、矿床地球物理和地球化学特征的综合研究，建立了红牛—红山铜矿床的"大比例尺地质填图和综合研究+重力+激电和高精度磁测+土壤化探测+工程验证"组合勘查技术方法、"燕山晚期石英二长斑岩+接触带矽卡岩和层间破碎带矽卡岩+重力低异常+高磁异常+高视极化率和低视电阻率异常+Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn-Ag-Au等元素综合异常"组合勘查模型。地质调查研究确定矿床成矿地质体和找矿地质体、矿化类型及其空间分布规律，建立矿床"四位一体"的成矿模式和区域-矿区地质找矿模型。区域中小比例尺的土壤化探测量确定区域找矿靶区，大比例尺土壤化探测量进一步缩小找矿靶区，逼近矿体赋存部位。矿区处于1∶5万土壤测量圈定的Cu-Pb-Zn-Mo-Au-Ag元素综合高异常区，1∶2.5万土壤测量圈出Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag-W元素综合异常面积较大、强度高、浓集中心明显、元素套合好，与矿区铜（铁）矿体赋存区域异常相对应。区域重力低异常区和正磁异常强度高区域是重要的找矿靶区，矿区大比例尺磁异常和激电异常区确定了矿体的空间位置和产状；矿区铜（铁）矿体赋存区为低视电阻率、高视极化率异常区，高精度磁测表现为正负磁异常相伴。矿区地质-地球化学-地球物理综合勘查模型对矿区深边部找矿起到重要的指导作用。     

中国东南陆缘的深部结构与动力学过程

对我国东南陆缘地区的人工地震测深、大地电磁测深、重磁测量、地热测量、地学大断面编制以及天然地震的层析成像等大量深部构造研究结果作综合分析。地热异常、地壳内存在低速层和高导层、强烈地震频繁发生等现象说明,这一地区是现代构造运动的活动区。中国东南陆缘的现今应力场主压应力方向为ＮＷＷ－ＳＥＥ,认为是菲律宾板块对欧亚板块的挤压,以及冲绳海槽的扩张等联合作用的结果。因此,这一地区地壳运动的驱动力是太平洋板块和菲律宾板块向欧亚板块推挤产生的。     

一种利用贝叶斯最小判别准则估计未来地震危险的新方法

提出了一种基于最大似然和贝叶斯最小判别准则的新预测方法,它的长处在于对样本数无特殊要求,所以,对低地震活动地区,此模型也能得到与时间有关的稳定的未来强震危险估计。最后,以华北地区为例,说明了本方法的可行性。     

金刚石钻头制造的新型模具材料及模具成型工艺

针对无压浸渍法制造金刚石钻头存在模具费用高、模具加工周期长等缺点,研究了一种新型模具材料（陶瓷粉）取代石墨材料,并研究了一种全新的模具成型方法,简化了模具制造工序,降低了成本。     

腾冲火山区水平形变初探

介绍了采用精密大地测量的方法,对腾冲火山区域的水平形变情况进行了探索。通过两期相距３８年的实测数据,对火山“休眠期”中岩浆活动与地壳局部变形的相关性进行研究,并提供了部分计算结果。作者认为,采用精密大地测量的方法对火山区域地壳变形进行研究是可行的;火山区域水平形变与构造形变的区别是存在的;腾冲火山区内近几十年内岩浆的动也是明显的,但目前总体为间歇性收缩期;从水平形变测量的结果来看,显示了南面活跃的迹象;且认为可能是岩浆囊的存在才会引起此大范围的地壳活动。     

钻石颜色分级条件浅析

颜色是钻石4C评估中的一个重要指标,也是决定钻石档次和价格的一个重要依据。作者结合实践体会对颜色分级条件进行了分析,并提出了注意要点。     

青海省最高、最低气温不对称性变化的诊断分析

利用青海省１３个站逐月最高、最低气温资料,分析了月、季、年平均最高、最低气温的变化。结果表明最高、最低气温存在明显不对称变化趋势,尤其是３、４月存在明显的反向变化趋势。同时分析了西宁城市效应对最高、最低气温的影响。     

Experimental study and constitutive modelling of elasto‐plastic damage in heat‐treated mortar

This study investigates the effect of a heat‐treatment upon the thermo‐mechanical behaviour of a model cement‐based material, i.e. a normalized mortar, with a (w/c) ratio of 0.5. First, a whole set of varied experimental results is provided, in order to either identify or validate a thermo‐mechanical constitutive model, presented in the second paper part. Experimental responses of both hydraulic and mechanical behaviour are given after different heating/cooling cycling levels (105, 200, 300, 400^°C). The reference state, used for comparison purposes, is taken after mass stabilization at 60^°C. Typical uniaxial compression tests are provided, and original triaxial deviatoric compressive test responses are also given. Hydraulic behaviour is identified simultaneously to triaxial deviatoric compressive loading through gas permeability K_gas assessment. K_gas is well correlated with volumetric strain evolution: gas permeability increases hugely when ε_v testifies of a dilatant material behaviour, instead of contractile from the test start. Finally, the thermo‐mechanical model, based on a thermodynamics approach, is identified using the experimental results on uniaxial and triaxial deviatoric compression. It is also positively validated at residual state for triaxial deviatoric compression, but also by using a different stress path in lateral extension, which is at the origin of noticeable plasticity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Homogenization‐based analysis of anisotropic damage in brittle materials with unilateral effect and interactions between microcracks

This paper is devoted to micromechanical modeling of induced anisotropic damage in brittle geomaterials. The formulation of the model is based on a proper homogenization procedure by taking into account unilateral effects and interactions between microcracks. The homogenization procedure is developed in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion solution and Ponte‐Castaneda and Willis (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 1995; 43 :1919–1951) estimate. The homogenization technique is combined with the thermodynamics framework at microscopic level for the determination of damage evolution law. A rigorous crack opening–closure transition condition is established and an energy‐release‐rate‐based damage criterion is proposed. Computational aspects on the implementation of micromechanical model are also discussed. The proposed model is evaluated by comparing numerical predictions with experimental data for various laboratory tests on concrete. Parametric studies on unilateral effects and influences of microcracks interactions are finally performed and analyzed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.