海洋可控源电磁法空气波研究现状及展望

海洋可控源电磁法是钻前储层评价的有效手段,它可作为海洋地震重要辅助手段识别海底构造的储油/储水特征,从而减少盲钻率和勘探成本。然而,当使用水平电偶极作为发射源在浅水区测量时,沿空气-海水分界面传播的空气波会完全掩盖从高阻储油层返回的有用信号。由于空气波不含海底储油层的任何信息,空气波的存在严重影响海洋电磁的应用。因此,如何在浅水区观测数据中去除空气波影响以取得好的反演结果成为当前海洋电磁法的研究热点之一。首先基于Weidelt的空气波理论并采用对TE谱核直接求导的方法推导出空气波的主导项,然后根据空气波的物理成因及影响特征阐述了海洋电磁数据解释之前必须去除空气波的原因,最后将目前处理空气波问题的方法分成3类：1)根据空气波在频率域和时间域的特性去除或压制空气波,2)采用无空气波的测量方式,3)直接对含空气波的电磁数据进行反演解释。通过比较各种方法的效果,发现所有方法都有自己的应用条件和局限性。为有效地压制和去除空气波,各种方法的组合也许有更好的应用效果。     

Pseudo‐dynamic tests of a full‐scale CFT/BRB frame—Part I: Specimen design,experiment and analysis

A series of pseudo‐dynamic tests (PDTs) of a full‐scale 3‐story 3‐bay buckling‐restrained braced frame (BRBF) using concrete‐filled tube columns was tested in the Taiwan National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering using networked PDT techniques in October 2003. During the tests, real‐time experimental responses and video were webcasted to Internet viewers. The input ground motions adopted for the PDTs were chosen from the 1999 Chi‐Chi and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquakes and scaled to represent three seismic hazard levels. This paper is in two parts, focusing on the investigations of the overall structure and the local members. This paper constitutes Part I and discusses the design, analytical investigations, and key experimental results of the specimen frame, such as the buckling of the brace‐to‐gusset joints. Part II of the paper, the companion paper, describes the gusset stiffening schemes and detailed experimental behavior of the BRBs and their connections. Experimental peak inter‐story drifts of 0.019 and 0.023 radians, prescribed for the design basis and the maximum credible earthquakes, respectively, are within the target design limits of 0.020 and 0.025 radians. These tests confirmed that the PISA3D and OpenSees nonlinear structural analysis computer programs can simulate the experimental peak shears and floor displacements well. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

虹吸水流作用下的土柱运动特性及虹吸管道防淤堵措施

虹吸排水联合堆载固结技术是软基处理中的一项新技术,在应用该技术时,虹吸管内土柱的淤堵问题是制约该技术发展的核心问题之一。针对虹吸管内土柱的淤堵问题,采用颗粒沉降模型和水动力学相关理论,推导得到了土柱在虹吸水流作用下的临界高度表达式。根据所推求的表达式,可以制定相应的防淤堵措施,使得虹吸排水能够顺利进行。研究结果表明：土柱容易在虹吸管弯曲圆弧段形成淤堵;对于工程现场最常见的4 mm内径虹吸管,当虹吸管弯曲圆弧段半径大于40 cm或者虹吸管内土柱高度大于4 cm时,就有可能产生淤堵;实际工程中,可以采用减小虹吸管弯曲圆弧段半径、降低虹吸管出水口高度以及减小虹吸管长度的措施减小淤堵的可能,从而保证虹吸过程的持续进行。     

Seismic performance evaluation of a 34‐story steel building retrofitted with response modification elements

The original structural design of this case study consisted of five basement floors and a 34‐story hotel tower in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The construction started in 1993, and the erection of the entire steel frame and the pouring of concrete slabs up to the 26th floor were completed before 1996. However, construction of the original hotel was subsequently suspended for 10 years. Recently, this building has been retrofitted for residential purposes. Buckling restrained braces (BRBs) and eccentrically braced frames were incorporated into the seismic design of the new residential tower. This paper presents the seismic resisting structural system, seismic design criteria, full‐scale test results of one BRB member and the as‐built welded moment connections. Test results confirm that the two side web‐plate stiffening details can effectively improve the rotational capacity of welded moment connection. The paper also discusses the analytical models for simulating the experimental responses of the BRB members and the welded moment connections. Nonlinear response history analyses (NLRHA) indicate that the inelastic deformational demands of the original and the redesigned structures induced by the maximum considered earthquakes are less than those found in the seismic building codes or laboratory tests. This paper also proposes a ground motion scaling method considering multi‐mode effects for NLRHA of the example building. It is shown that the proposed scaling method worked well in reducing the scatter in estimated peak seismic demands. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

日侧极光卵的可见光多波段观测特征——中国北极黄河站首次极光观测初步分析

中国在斯瓦尔巴特(Svalbard)群岛新奥尔松(Ny-Alesund)地区建立了一个永久性科学考察站--北极黄河站。北极黄河站(78．92°N,11．93 °E)的修正磁纬为76．24°。2003年11月黄河站建立了一套多波段(427．8nm,557．7nm,630．0nm)单色极光全天空CCD成像观测系统,并于2003年12月11日-2004年2月25日极夜期开展了首次极光越冬观测,获得了1200多小时的连续观测数据。利用这1200多小时观测数据制作了以时间为横轴的南北向极光活动图,对日侧极光卵的极光活动特征进行了研究。初步分析发现,沿日侧极光卵不论磁静日还是磁扰日,在三个波段上都同时观测到了四个重复出现的极光活动区,即0900MLT(磁地方时)附近的 A区、1330MLT的B区和1630MLT的C区以及1200MLT附近的G区。A区内的极光活动由低纬向高纬运动,强度逐渐变弱,形态由较宽的弧状极光向冕状极光演变;B区内的极光活动由高纬向低纬方向运动,形态呈现为冕状极光向较窄的极光弧的演变,极光强度逐渐增强;C区极光活动向高纬方向展宽,强度逐渐变弱,极光由单弧向多重弧演化;而在A与B之间存在一个纬度范围相对较窄的极光活动区G区,该区的极光呈现暗弱的冕状极光。日侧极光活动随时间从午前、正午到午后呈现出一个系统的光谱变化:绿色-红色-绿色。A区的位置出现在卫星探测的午前极光峰之中;而正午附近极光强度暗弱的G区,可部分地解释卫星观测的所谓“正午极光空白区”;卫星观测到的1500MLT附近的“极光热点”区在地面观测中可以区分为以红色极光为主的B区和以绿色极光为主的C区。     

我国亚热带东部山区坡面净辐射的分布特征

本文首次计算并分析了我国亚热带东部山区坡面辐射平衡各分量，重点讨论了净辐射的地理分布特征及其变化规律。结果表明，本区各坡向年均净辐射的分布都具有南北高、中间低的特点、湘鄂西部为最低值区。夏季因受副高控制的影响，净辐射分布形势差别较大。净辐射在各坡向间的差异以冬季最大，夏季最小。夏季南、北坡净辐射随坡度的变化形式基本相同，冬季则安全相反。净辐射的年变幅以南坡最小、东、西坡次之，北坡最大。本文计算结果还揭示出冬季在本地区北坡的面净辐射可出现包值的新事实。     

皖西大别山区经济开发战略的研究

皖西大别山区是革命老根据地之一,总面积 14000平方公里,总人口 317.8万人,交通闭塞、贫穷落后,但开发潜力很大。今后坚持以林为基础,强化种植业,发展养殖业和采矿业,深化加工业,综合开发农村经济。三年解决温饱,五年基本脱贫。后十年内逐步接近或赶上全省水平,到本世纪末把本区建成经济比较发达、社会文明进步、人民生活小康、自然环境优美的社会主义新山区。     

Genetic relation between Holocene transgression and chemical composition of the shallow groundwater in Hangzhou, China

The shallow groundwater in Hangzhou area has the characteristics of high mineralization, high salinity and high contents of iron and manganese. Statistical analyses and the experiments of simulation show that the Holocene transgressive strata has a crucial effect on the formation of chemical composition of the shallow groundwater in the plain area of Hanghzhou. The degree of transgression is in consonance with the variation tendency of the thickness of the transgressive strata. The chemical compositions of the subsurface water in the hilly area depend on the lithology of the aquifers.     

Measurement of free heavy metal ion concentrations in soils using Donnan membrane technique

In natural systems heavy metals are present in very low concentrations (less than micro-molar) , so precise measurement of the free metal ions is difficult. Recently, a new method has been developed called the Donnan membrane technique (DMT). Several heavy metals could be measured simultaneously using this method. Furthermore, all the metals did not interfere with each other, and the balance between the measured system and the surrounding condition could not be disturbed. Improvements were made according to the internal condition. The free heavy metal ion concentrations were measured in different systems using the improved method, and satisfied results have been obtained.     

基于边缘提取算法的岩层三角面产状半自动提取

岩层三角面的准确识别和快速检测是利用遥感技术获取地表地层产状信息的有效途径.提出了利用高分辨率卫星遥感立体像对,通过自动迭代调整高斯分布模型方差的Canny边缘检测算法实现岩层三角面半自动检测和地层产状快速提取方法.以南天山吐格尔明背斜为实验区,使用Worldview-2立体像对构建数字高程模型和0.5 m分辨率的数字正射影像,利用岩层三角面检测算法提取实验区的岩层三角面和产状.结果表明,提出的方法客观高效,提取准确率达到90.2%,能够准确反映构造趋势的变化,为复杂构造带的地表建模和构造分析提供依据.