Detrital zircon records in bauxite deposits of China: Implication for the provenance model and ore deposits classification of bauxite

Based on 3439 detrital zircon U-Pb datapoints collected from the bauxite deposits of China and 297 detrital zircon U-Pb datapoints from underlying clastic rocks,this study reviews the recent progress in the detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of bauxite deposits in China. Stability assessment of zircon grains in modern tropical weathering profiles proves the chemical and physical stability during the and intense weathering and bauxitization,which makes zircon become a good provenance indicator. Sedimentary provenance study of bauxite deposits in China indicates that even the bauxite deposit developed on the carbonate rocks,there was still considerable input of the weathering aluminosilicate materials. Previous classifications of bauxite deposit are mainly based on the lithology of basement rock and features of ore body,applications of these classifications will cause ambiguities and uncertainties. For widespread parautochthonous and allochthonous detrital zircon grains within Chinese bauxite deposits,parautochthonous and allochthonous criterion is invalid in classification of Chinese bauxite deposits. Here we suggest that the bauxite study requires a new classification of ore deposit,which should consider the weathering process of bauxite deposits as well as the position of bauxite deposit in the sedimentological framework. Although detrital zircon study provides important constrains for the provenance of bauxite deposits,combination of regional geological background and the geochemical characteristics are still essential for the comprehensive cognition of source materials.     

Vulnerability of water resources and its spatial heterogeneity in Haihe River Basin,China

To manage water resources effectively, a multiscale assessment of the vulnerability of water resources on the basis of political boundaries and watersheds is necessary. This study addressed issues on the vulnerability of water resources and provided a multiscale comparison of spatial heterogeneity under a climate change background. Using improved quantitative evaluation methods of vulnerabil- ity, the Theil index and the Shannon-Weaver index, we evaluated the vulnerability of water resources and its spatial heterogeneity in the Haihe River Basin in four scales, namely, second-class water resource regions （Class II WRRs）, third-class water resource regions （Class III WRRs）, Province-Class II WRRs, and Province-Class III WRRs. Results show that vulnerability enhances from the north to south in the different scales, and shows obvious spatial heterogeneity instead of moving toward convergence in multiscale assessment results. Among the Class II WRRs, the Tuhai-Majia River is the most vulnerable area, and the vulnerability of the Luanhe River is lower than that of the north of the Haihe River Basin, which in turn is lower than that of the south of the Haihe River Basin. In the scales of Class III WRRs and Province-Class III WRRs, the vulnerability shows obvious spatial heterogeneity and diversity measured by the Theil index and the Shannon-Weaver index. Multiscale vulnerability assessment results based on political boundaries and the watersheds of the Haihe River Basin innovatively provided in this paper are important and useful to characterize the real spatial pattern of the vulnerability of water resources and improve water resource management.     

不同对流层天顶延迟模型在陕西地区的精度及适用性分析

利用MATLAB实现UNB3m、GPT2w+Hopfield、GPT2w+Saastamoinen、GPT3+Hopfield、GPT3+Saastamoinen等5种模型，分析它们在陕西地区的适用性。结果表明，5种模型结果普遍偏小。GPT2w+Saastamoinen和GPT3+Saastamoinen模型整体精度相当，且优于其他3种模型，bias为1.41 cm，RMS分别为4.68 cm和4.67 cm，且随着高程增加精度越来越高。5种策略精度均随季节变化而变化，其中UNB3m变化最为明显，夏冬2季bias差达到7.92 cm，RMS差达到7.67 cm。更高精度计算时，秋季应使用GPT3，而春夏2季时使用GPT2w效果更好。选用同样的气象参数模型时，Saastamoinen模型比Hopfield模型更适用于陕西地区，并且陕北地区精度最好。对比最新的全球气压温度模型GPT3与GPT2w发现，2种模型算得的地面气压P、地面温度T、地面水汽压e、大气加权平均温度Tm等4种气象参数均相差细微，所以在陕西地区利用GPT2w或GPT3分别算得的对流层总延迟ZTD和对流层干延迟ZHD相差很小，通过对流层湿延迟ZWD算得的PWV也几乎相当。     

溶解态磷在海洋微藻碱性磷酸酶活力变化中的调控作用

在实验室批量培养条件下,测定了海洋微藻培养体系中碱性磷酸酶活力(APA)和各形态溶解磷的动态变化,分析了二者之间的关系.结果表明,在批量培养过程中,APA的动态变化呈"S"形曲线,各形态溶解磷在其变化过程中所起的调控作用不同,介质中溶解无机磷和小分子溶解有机磷的浓度是激发APA发生变化的主要调控因子,大分子溶解有机磷的浓度对APA的作用不明显,但APA的增大可加速微藻利用大分子溶解有机磷的速率.微藻的种类和丰度不影响APA的动态变化形式及其调控机理.     

Application of subspace identification technique to long‐term seismic response monitoring of structures

This paper addresses the issue of structural system identification using earthquake‐induced structural response. The proposed methodology is based on the subspace identification algorithm to perform identification of structural dynamic characteristics using input–output seismic response data. Incorporated with subspace identification algorithm, a scheme to remove spurious modes is also used to identify real system poles. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown by the analysis of all measurement data from all measurement directly. The recorded seismic response data of three structures (one 7‐story RC building, one midisolation building, and one isolated bridge), under Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program, are analyzed during the past 15 years. The results present the variation of the identified fundamental modal frequencies and damping ratios from all the recorded seismic events that these three structures had encountered during their service life. Seismic assessment of the structures from the identified system dynamic characteristics during the period of their service is discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

北京市社会公众防震减灾科普认知、需求调查研究

为全面系统地评价防震减灾科普效果、准确分析公众的防震减灾科普需求,在2010年上半年开展了面向北京市公众的防震减灾科普现状及需求调查研究.结果表明,58.4%的公众接受过防震减灾科普知识宣传,不同人群接受程度不一;公众对地震预报仍抱有较大的期望,大学生和农民的防震减灾科普知识水平较低;电视、报纸杂志和网络是目前公众获取...     

汾河防洪专家系统的设计与应用

汾河中游防洪决策支持系统是以管理科学、运筹学、控制论和行为科学为基础,以计算机、仿真技术和信息技术为手段,是辅助管理决策人员在防洪决策活动中,具有智能作用的人一机网络系统。系统由图文信息系统、历史暴雨洪水、雨情水情测报、洪水预报调度、人工演绎系统、智能辅助系统、数据管理系统、操作使用说明等8个部分组成。汾河防洪专家系统是该系统的智能分析部分。本文着重阐述了汾河防洪专家系统的设计思想和实现途径、建立防洪专家知识库的步骤和技巧,以及系统的运行和扩展。     

南黄海春季水团分析

根据１９９２年５月在南黄海取得的ＣＴＤ资料和两个断面的温，盐度和溶解氧资料，和“对应在分析法”研究该海域的水团配置和特性，并对其中的某些问题进行探讨。结果表明：春季，南黄海海域存在８个水团，即黄海水、贰黄海冷水团，青岛冷水团，黄海暖流水以及长江冲淡水，苏北沿岸水，成山角冷水和朝鲜西岸沿岸水；     

碳酸盐岩区断裂构造的水文地质性质研究─—以天津蓟县山前断裂为例

研究系统边界及其性质是认识岩溶水系统结构特征和地下水运动规律的基础工作之一,也可为进一步建立水文地质概念模型和水资源评价数学模型提供依据。本文利用断层岩性质及溶蚀作用特征、裂隙发育特征、水化学特征、岩溶水同位素特征、水动力场等方面资料,相互补充,相互印证,详细论证了蓟县地区岩熔水系统的重要边界之一──蓟县山前断裂的水文地质性质。研究结果认为:蓟县山前断裂总体上是属于透水断层,局部地段由于所处构造部位和含水层结构不同而呈阻水性质。      

基于多波长激光吸收光谱技术的气体浓度与温度二维分布遗传模拟退火重建研究

利用可调谐半导体激光吸收光谱技术实现气体浓度温度二维分布重建.设计了气体浓度温度二维分布重建测量系统,采用四路波分复用技术以减少投影光路布置数量和增加气体吸收测量信息.针对于图像重建过程中建立的非线性投影方程组,将遗传算法与模拟退火算法相结合进行求解,在实现全局最优搜索基础上提高算法搜索效率.建立燃烧环境下H₂O浓度温度二维分布模型,借助于近红外波段1.3—1.5 μm范围内4条H₂O气体吸收谱线,利用数值模拟计算方法进行了气体分布重建,重建结果与模型符合得很好