Human-environment interactions in agricultural land use in a South China's wetland region: A study on the Zhujiang Delta in the Holocene

The formation and evolution of agricultural land uses in the Zhujiang Delta of South China are examined in the light of the dynamics of people and the environment and their interplay. The origin and propagation of agriculture are found to have a close relationship with the climate and sea level changes in the Holocene era. The development of rice cultivation, horticulture, and dike-pond system exemplifies human-environment interactions in a specified geographical and social context, which are manifested by the impact of environmental changes and population growth on agricultural innovations. The technologies of dike building and land reclamation, which represent local farmers effort to build a new and harmonious relationship with the changed environment, were critical to the agricultural success and sustainability. Imprudent use of a new agricultural technology could damage the environment, as evidenced by a frequent flooding that followed inappropriate dike building and premature reclamation. Diverse agricultural land uses are as a result of the adaptation of agricultural technology innovations to the environmental conditions.     

福建省物探化探遥感成果回顾（续）

福建物探、化探工作起步于20世纪50年代。近半个世纪以来,福建省地质工作者利用物探、化探、遥感等技术在区域地质,深部地质,矿产地质,水文地质、工程地质,环境地质,医学地质,农业地质等领域取得了丰硕成果,但还存在一定差距。为进一步提高福建省物探、化探、遥感等技术水平和扩大应用领域,对今后工作提出几点建议和对策。     

Multidimensional social trust and regional entrepreneurial activities: Based on data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS)北大核心CSCD

社会信任作为非正式制度环境的核心构成要素对区域创业活动有复杂而重要的影响。由于社会距离、交往对象的不同,社会信任在表现形式和作用机制方面差异明显,但现有研究鲜有关注社会信任不同维度对区域创业的影响。论文从普遍信任、亲缘信任、制度信任3个维度构建社会信任框架,利用中国家庭跟踪调查(CFPS)2012、2014、2016、2018年4期面板数据和企业工商注册信息微观数据进行实证分析,研究发现：(1)在全国尺度,亲缘信任显著提高了区域创业活跃度,而普遍信任、制度信任对区域创业活跃度的作用不明显。(2)交互效应结果显示,普遍信任、亲缘信任与经济发展之间存在替代效应;普遍信任与政府干预互为补充,政府干预越弱,普遍信任对区域创业的激励作用越强;而制度信任与政府干预表现为相互促进的互动关系,共同促进了区域创业活跃度。(3)分样本异质性检验表明,东部地区创业活跃度对社会信任的依赖度较弱;中西部地区创业活跃度受到普遍信任、亲缘信任的积极影响;政商关系良好城市的创业活跃度受到制度信任的促进作用,创业政策红利得到有效释放;在政商关系普通城市,普遍信任能够显著促进创业,激发创业活力。研究证实了不同维度社会信任...     

Use of earth observation data for applications in public health

The Earth Observation (EO) data with their advantages in spectral, spatial and temporal resolutions have demonstrated their great value in providing information about many of the components that comprise environmental systems and ecosystems for decades that are crucial to the understating of public health issues. This literature review shows that in conjunction with in situ data collection, EO data have been used to observe, monitor, measure and model many environmental variables that are associated with disease vectors. Furthermore, satellite derived aerosol optical depth has been increasingly employed to estimate ground-level PM_2.5 concentrations, which have been found to associate with various health outcomes such as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. It is suggested that Landsat-like imagery data may provide important data sources to analyse and understand contagious and infectious diseases at the local and regional scales, which are tied to urbanisation and associated impacts on the environment. There is also a great need of data products from coarse resolution imagery, such as those from moderate resolution imaging spectrometer, multiangle imaging spectroradiometer and geostationary operational environmental satellite , to model and characterise infectious diseases at the continental and global scales. The infectious diseases at greater geographical scales have become unprecedentedly significant as global climate change and the process of globalisation intensify. The relationship between infectious diseases and environmental characteristic have been explored by using statistical, geostatistical and physical models, with recent emphasis on the use of machine-learning techniques such as artificial neural networks. Lastly, we suggest that the planned HyspIRI mission is crucial for observing, measuring and modelling environmental variables impacting various diseases as it will improve both spectral resolution and revisit time, thus contributing to better prediction of occurrence of infectious diseases, target intervention and tracking of epidemic events.     

Evaluation of the Diurnal Cycle in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over Land as Represented by a Variety of Single-Column Models: The Second GABLS Experiment

We present the main results from the second model intercomparison within the GEWEX (Global Energy and Water cycle EXperiment) Atmospheric Boundary Layer Study (GABLS). The target is to examine the diurnal cycle over land in today??s numerical weather prediction and climate models for operational and research purposes. The set-up of the case is based on observations taken during the Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study-1999 (CASES-99), which was held in Kansas, USA in the early autumn with a strong diurnal cycle with no clouds present. The models are forced with a constant geostrophic wind, prescribed surface temperature and large-scale divergence. Results from 30 different model simulations and one large-eddy simulation (LES) are analyzed and compared with observations. Even though the surface temperature is prescribed, the models give variable near-surface air temperatures. This, in turn, gives rise to differences in low-level stability affecting the turbulence and the turbulent heat fluxes. The increase in modelled upward sensible heat flux during the morning transition is typically too weak and the growth of the convective boundary layer before noon is too slow. This is related to weak modelled near-surface winds during the morning hours. The agreement between the models, the LES and observations is the best during the late afternoon. From this intercomparison study, we find that modelling the diurnal cycle is still a big challenge. For the convective part of the diurnal cycle, some of the first-order schemes perform somewhat better while the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) schemes tend to be slightly better during nighttime conditions. Finer vertical resolution tends to improve results to some extent, but is certainly not the solution to all the deficiencies identified.     

南澳岛风能资源的评估

利用南澳站30年气候资料对南澳岛风能资源进行评估,为南澳风能资源合理的开发和利用提供一定依据。     

An analysis of characteristics of variation of the Taiwan Warm Current Deep Water

The Taiwan Warm Current Deep Water (or the East China Sea Upper Layer Water, or the East China Sea Subsurface Water) lying in the deep and bottom layers off the coast of Fujian-Zhejiang is one of the main watermasses in the continental shelf region of the western East China Sea. The hydrographical conditions and the fishery productions in this region are affected remarkably by the decline and growth of the Taiwan Warm Current Deep Water. Although the temperature, salinity and origin of the Taiwan Warm Current Deep Water have been investigated^[3] by oceanographers the world over, there are up to now few papers published on its characteristics of ariations (seasonal and multiyear variations). Understanding of this problem will be helpful to further characterize this watermass. For this reason, in this paper, section 28°N representing the middle Taiwan Warm Current Deep Water and section 30°N representing the northern Taiwan Warm Current Deep Water are taken for examples, and the method of similar coefficient is used for analysis of this problem. Contribution No. 861 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica. This paper was published in Chinese inOceanologia et Limnologia, Sinica 14 (4): 357–366.     

金寨县造纸资源及其开发利用

安徽省金寨县有造纸纤维植物资源21科、159种。总蕴藏量77.13万吨,可利用量30.39万吨。其中蕴藏量大、利用量多的是芒和五节芒一类野生禾本科草本植物。该县长期以来资源的开发广度和深度不够,现有造纸企业管理水平较低,局部存在污染问题,进而提出今后开发意见和主要措施     

顾及不同LEO卫星数量及轨道误差的GPS/LEO联合PPP

为解决现有单系统GPS PPP收敛速度较慢的问题,选取不同卫星数量构成的LEO星座系统,根据观测值仿真原理得到待估点来自低轨卫星的伪距观测值和相位观测值;选取CPVG、WUH2、KOUG、IISC、FUCN测站,利用GPS及仿真附加轨道误差的LEO星座观测数据进行静态精密单点定位,以分析LEO星座的增强效果。结果表明： 1）在原有GPS系统中加入LEO星座后,3种组合场景下平均可见卫星数量分别增加9.7、19.4、31.3颗,PDOP值分别减少0.7、0.9、1.1; 2）收敛时间快速缩短,由单系统GPS卫星的17.1 min分别降至4.7 min、2.1 min、1.5 min,收敛时间分别缩短67.3%、84.4%、89.5%; 3）E方向上的RMS值分别提升34.4%、59.4%、72.9%,N方向上分别提升37.4%、60.3%、67.3%,U方向上分别提升55.9%、71.7%、79.6%。LEO星座对GPS PPP的性能提升巨大,对于指导LEO星座增强GPS系统设计及拓展精密单点定位的应用场景具有一定价值。     

Spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture based on multifractal analysis

Based on the experimental data collected from 2002 to 2010 in Jilin province, we performed multifractal analysis to investigate the spatial variability of soil moisture during 9 years from 2002 to 2010 and about 60 days from April 21 to June 21 in 2010, and analyzed the relationship between soil moisture and precipitation. The results showed that the soil moisture was multifractal. It was intermediate variability in the soil sample. From 2002 to 2010, the spatial variation of soil moisture was charactered by long distance in 2004, 2006, and 2009 and short distance in 2002, 2003, and 2008. The spatial variation of soil moisture was charactered by long distance from April 21 to May 11 and late June. It was charactered by short distance from May 11 to June 21. From April 11 to July 1, 2010, the spatial variation of soil moisture was mainly affected by the spatial variation of precipitation. From 2002 to 2010, the spatial variation of soil moisture was mainly affected by precipitation in 2006, 2009, and 2010. The spatial variation of precipitation had little effect on soil moisture during 2002 to 2005 and 2007 to 2008. This study analyzed the multifractal characteristic of soil moisture from the perspective of water resources divisions, which can provide references for soil water resources evaluation and water resources allocation.