星载激光雷达卫星海面风场反演算法研究

The principal purpose of this paper is to extract entire sea surface wind＇s information from spaceborne lidar, and particularly to utilize a appropriate algorithm for removing the interference information due to white caps and subsurface water. Wind speeds are obtained through empirical relationship with sea surface mean square slopes. Wind directions are derived from relationship between wind speeds and wind directions im plied in CMOD5n geophysical models function （GMF）. Whitecaps backscattering signals were distinguished with the help of lidar depolarization ratio measurements and rectified by whitecaps coverage equation. Subsurface water backscattering signals were corrected by means of inverse distance weighted （IDW） from neighborhood non-singular data with optimal subsurface water backscattering calibration parameters. To verify the algorithm reliably, it selected NDBC＇s TAO buoy-laying area as survey region in camparison with buoys＇ wind field data and METOP satellite ASCAT of 25 km single orbit wind field data after temporal-spa tial matching. Validation results showed that the retrieval algorithm works well in terms of root mean square error （RMSE） less than 2m/s and wind direction＇s RMSE less than 21 degree.     

Spatial distribution pattern of seafloor hydrothermal vents to the southeastern Kueishan Tao offshore Taiwan Island

Investigations of the diffusion activities both within and outside the seafloor hydrothermal vents, as well as related mineral genesis, have been one of the key focuses of ocean biogeochemistry studies. Many hydrothermal vents are distributed close to the southern Okinawa Trough on the less-than-30-m deep shallow seafloor off Kueishan Tao, northeast of Taiwan Island. Investigations of temperature, pH and Eh at four depths of hydrothermal plume were carried out near Kueishan Tao at the white(24.83°N, 121.96°E) and yellow(24.83°N, 121.96°E) vents. An 87 h of temperature time series observation-undertaken near the white vent showed that tide is the main factor affecting the background environment. Based on the observed data, 3-dimensional sliced diffusion fields were obtained and analyzed. It was concluded that the plume diffused mainly from north to south due to ebb tide. The yellow vent's plume could effect as far as the white vent surface. From the temperature diffusion field, the vortices of the plume were observed. The Eh negative abnormality was a better indicator to search for hydrothermal plumes and locate hydrothermal vents than high temperature and low pH abnormalities.     

Distribution and sources of heavy metals in the sediment of Xiangshan Bay

Heavy metals in the surface sediments and sediment core from the Xiangshan Bay, a mariculture base on the coast of the East China Sea, were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP–MS) in order to evaluate their levels and sources. The results showed that the levels of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cr in the sediments of the bay have been generally influenced by anthropogenic inputs since the founding of the People's Republic of China. In particular, Cu and Zn were polluted to some extent, as evidenced by high enrichment factors. Organic matter, grain size, wastewater discharge, and low energy hydrodynamic environment played dominant roles in the heavy metal enrichment in the sediments. The ratio of terrigenous source to marine biogenic deposit of trace metals in the sediments was calculated, revealing that terrigenous inputs were the main source of Cu, Pb, and Zn, while biological pellets contributed much more to the enrichment of Cr and Cd. Considering the influence of biological sources on the enrichment of Cd and Cr, and the fact that the sediment has been polluted by Cu and Zn, the development of mariculture and discharge of wastewater into the Bay should be restricted.     

北部湾经济区陆海统一似大地水准面精化关键技术研究北大核心CSCD

针对北部湾经济区生态文明建设、海洋资源利用和海洋应急救援事件处置等缺乏统一的陆海高程基准等难题,本文首先利用广西北部湾经济区2764项重力数据和8项GNSS水准数据,应用第二类Helmert凝聚法,反演得到广西北部湾海域及沿大陆海岸线向内陆延伸约15 000 km^(2)区域内置信度较高的重力似大地水准面;然后参考重力场选取EIGEN6C4模型,重力似大地水准面对比8项GNSS水准资料,其精度达2.2 cm;最后采用球冠调和分析方法,将2′×2′格网似大地水准面精度提高至1.6 cm,并将陆地高程基准传递到广西北部湾海域及其海岛上,实现该区域陆海高程基准的统一。     

基于空间变异修正普通克里金的矿区复杂地形高精度建模

普通克里金法是构建矿区三维地形模型并揭示地表沉陷形变场动态变化规律的有效方法。但普通克里金法存在平滑效应的问题,导致估计值的空间变异程度小于实际,无法真实反映矿区复杂地表形态的空间变化特征。本文结合矿区实际地形采样数据,提出了一种空间变异修正的普通克里金法,并将其应用于矿区复杂地形的高精度建模,并与已有方法在建模精度和空间变异性复现方面进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,空间变异修正的普通克里金法能够很好地处理平滑效应对建模的影响,具有更高的建模精度和空间变异性复现能力,在矿区复杂地形高精度建模应用中具有较强的适用性,可以作为一种可靠的建模工具用于矿区复杂地形沉陷形变场动态变化规律分析。     

台风“菲特”引发的浙江余姚地质灾害类型与特征分析

余姚市地处浙东沿海,受2013年23号强台风“菲特”影响,遭受百年一遇强降雨,农村山区地质灾害频发,因灾损失达200×10^8元以上。通过对余姚159处地质灾害的调查和统计分析,余姚市地质灾害类型主要为崩塌、滑坡和泥石流,滑坡占本次地质灾害总数的64．2％,主要为小型浅表土质滑坡,中型泥石流2处。地质灾害的发生与降雨、地形地貌、松散层厚度以及人类活动等多个方面因素有关,其中松散层厚度和人类工程活动影响最为明显。文中提出了相关的预防措施,通过加强防灾避灾宣传,严格审批农村切坡建房,对重要地段的适当回避等,防治并举,以减轻同类地质灾害的影响。     

水利促进长江中下游地区经济社会协调发展的思考

长江流域在中国经济社会发展中具有极为重要的战略地位,长江中下游地区更是我国最具实力的经济带。水利是国民经济和社会发展的重要基础设施,是经济社会可持续发展的重要支撑,要实现长江中下游地区经济社会协调发展离不开水利的支撑和保障。根据长江中下游地区的水资源条件和水利发展现状,分析水利与长江中下游地区协调发展要求不相适应的主要问题,思考水利促进长江中下游地区经济社会协调发展的思路和重点,并提出相应的对策和建议。     

辽西花坤头营子地区旋卷构造特征浅析

辽宁西部花坤头营子地区旋卷构造是板块碰撞陆内造山作用结果.该构造由内环、外环及推覆体三部分组成.内环为一个完整的莲花状构造体系,由中心向外,岩石地层单位呈一圈一圈的,由老向新排列.外环为以雾迷山组为主体的北东向的瓦房子复背斜核部.内环与外环以塌陷断层、旋转挤压断层分隔.与该构造有关的矿产有铅锌、锰矿.     

粤北大宝山矿区徐屋岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

徐屋岩体位于粤北大宝山矿区南部,是区内花岗岩体的重要组成部分。首次采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年方法对徐屋岩体进行了年代学研究,获得其成岩年龄为441.2±4.2Ma(MSWD=1.02),表明其为加里东期岩浆活动的产物。结合前人年龄数据表明,大宝山矿区存在有加里东期和燕山期2次成岩作用和1次成矿作用,且成矿作用与燕山期花岗岩关系密切。