上海淤泥质潮滩潮锋作用及其形成机制初步探讨*

本文具体讨论了上海淤泥质潮滩的潮锋作用过程,定性给出了潮锋的形成机制,认为潮锋作用及其水体高含沙量现象的本质在于“潮锋带水体水流加速效应”,即,由于潮滩坡面变化平缓的特殊性,涨潮水体前锋沿程存在着一持续时间可达数十分钟的水流加速过程.最后,本文初步探讨了潮锋作用在滩面塑造过程中的地位,并重新定义了潮锋作用的内容.     

Petrogenesis of Late Ordovician intrusive rocks in the West Kunlun orogenic belt: Constraints on the subduction process of the Proto-Tethys OceanSCIEI北大核心CSCD

西昆仑造山带发育有大量的早古生代岩浆岩,它们的形成与原特提斯洋俯冲-碰撞密切相关,然而,对于这些岩浆岩的岩石成因和形成的构造背景仍然存在较大的争议。本文对西昆仑造山带早古生代阿喀孜二长岩和赛图拉石英闪长岩岩体开展了详细的矿物学、锆石U-Pb年代学、全岩地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf-O同位素研究,以探讨这些侵入岩的岩浆源区与成因,揭示原特提斯洋在这一时期的构造演化过程。这两个岩体的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为456±2Ma和452±2Ma,指示它们形成于晚奥陶世。阿喀孜二长岩具有富碱(K_(2)O+Na_(2)O=10.5%~11.8%)、富钾(K_(2)O/Na_(2)O=1.20~1.44)特征,相对低MgO(0.89%~0.97%)、TiO_(2)(0.42%~0.45%)含量,富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,且具有较高的全岩锆饱和温度(T_(Zr)=814~862℃),属于钾质碱性岩石。该岩体具有较高的(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_(i)值(0.72057~0.72186),负的全岩ε_(Nd)(t)值(-5.1~-4.5)和负的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值(-7.6~-3.4),以及较高的锆石δ^(18) O值(5.39‰~7.94‰),表明其源区可能为伸展环境下古老基性下地壳部分熔融。赛图拉石英闪长岩SiO_(2)含量为56.8%~58.6%,全碱(Na_(2)O+K_(2)O)含量为5.75%~6.39%,具有较低的铝饱和指数(A/CNK=0.85~0.89),相对高的MgO含量(2.93%~3.41%)以及Mg^(#)值(~45),为高钾钙碱性系列岩石。它们富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th)和亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti),且具有微弱的Eu异常(δEu=0.72~0.77),类似于俯冲带岩浆岩地球化学特征。这些石英闪长岩具有相对高的(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)_(i)比值(0.71317~0.71322),负的全岩ε_(Nd)(t)值(-5.6~-5.1)和负的锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值(-7.8~-2.9),与同时期来源于富集地幔的基性岩同位素特征相似,表明赛图拉石英闪长岩岩浆可能是由俯冲板片流体交代的富集地幔楔部分熔融形成,并在岩浆演化的过程中经历了橄榄石、辉石、角闪石、磷灰石和Fe-Ti氧化物等矿物的分离结晶作用。结合同位素和数字模拟计算(Rhyolite-MELTS)结果表明,赛图拉石英闪长岩可能由塔里木克拉通南缘玄武质岩浆的分离结晶而成。综合前人研究,本文提出晚奥陶世阿喀孜二长岩和赛图拉石英闪长岩形成于原特提斯洋向北俯冲相关的活动大陆边缘环境,该时期原特提斯洋板片回撤,诱发软流圈地幔的上涌,从而产生了大量的弧岩浆岩。     

Nd:YAG纳秒激光诱导硅表面微结构的演化

利用Nd:YAG纳秒激光(波长为532和355 nm)对单晶硅在真空中进行了累积脉冲辐照,研究了表面微结构的演化情况.在激光辐照的初始阶段,532和355 nm激光脉冲均在硅表面诱导出了波纹结构,后者辐照硅表面后形成了近似同心但稍显混乱的环形波纹结构.随着脉冲数的增加,波纹结构逐渐演化为一种类似珠形的凹凸结构,最后形成准规则排列的微米量级锥形结构,该微结构的生长依赖于表面张力波和结构自组织.分析发现,形成的交叉环形结构主要是在355 nm激光辐照硅的过程中,表面张力波导致波纹结构部分叠加的结果.     

高精度甚长基线干涉测量理论时延软件的实现

针对甚长基线干涉测量天文观测、深空探测和空间阵列项目对高精度理论时延计算的需求,该文进行了高精度理论时延计算软件的具体实现。首先介绍了河外射电源和探测器理论时延计算模型;然后详细阐述了理论时延计算软件的系统架构及其具体实现;最后将该软件与DiFX软件和嫦娥工程甚长基线干涉测量软件的计算结果进行对比分析。比对结果显示:对于河外射电源,理论时延差最大为几百个皮秒;对于探测器,理论时延差小于2ns,这表明该软件能够用于地面验证试验。     

A New Ootype of Dinosaur Egg (Faveoloolithidae: Duovallumoolithus shangdanensis oogen. et oosp. nov.) from the Late Cretaceous in the Shangdan Basin,Shaanxi Province,China

A new ootype collected from the Upper Cretaceous Lijiacun Formation in the Shangdan Basin, Shaanxi Province is described in this paper. Based on general external shape, size, eggshell thickness and honeycomb‐like eggshell microstructure, eggs are referable to the oofamily Faveoloolithidae. Compared with other members of Faveoloolithidae, specimens described in this paper show special characteristics: adjacent pores are usually separated by two eggshell units between which often develop interspaces; columnar eggshell units are relatively closely arranged in radial view. According to these characteristics, we erect a new oogenus and a new oospecies: Duovallumoolithus shangdanensis oogen. et oosp. nov. The new discovery expands the diversity of Faveoloolithidae.     

Dipole tilt controls bow shock location and flaring angle

The dipole tilt angle has been found to affect Earth’s bow shock. This work presents a quantitative relationship between the dipole tilt angle and the bow shock location and flaring angle. We collected a large data set of bow shock crossings from four different satellites (IMP 8, Geotail, Magion 4, and Cluster), including some recent crossings obtained during 2012–2013. The results from a statistical analysis demonstrate that: (1) the subsolar standoff distance increases but the flaring angle decreases with increasing dipole tilt angle; (2) when the dipole tilt angle changes sign from negative to positive, the dayside bow shock moves toward Earth and the shift can be as much as 2.29 R _E, during which the flaring angle increases; and (3) the shape of bow shock in the northern and southern hemispheres differs. For the northern hemisphere bow shock, with increasing positive/negative dipole tilt angle, the flaring angle increases/decreases. While for the southern hemisphere, the trend is the opposite; with increasing positive/negative dipole tilt angle, the flaring angle decreases/increases. These results are helpful for future bow shock modeling that needs to include the effects of dipole tilt angle.     

大渡河长河坝水电站区域泥石流特征及危险性评价

2009年7月23日,四川省甘孜州康定县舍联乡长河坝水电站施工区响水沟发生特大泥石流灾害,造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失。响水沟是大渡河上游段右岸一级支沟,近百年来泥石流活动不明显。由于之前近一个月的连续降雨,沟谷内的不稳定堆积物已基本处于饱水状态,当日的强降雨直接诱发了此次泥石流灾害。本文根据现场调查资料,就该沟泥石流的形成条件、灾害成因及特征进行分析,并应用灰色系统理论关联分析方法和沟谷泥石流危险度计算分析综合评价其危险性。结果表明,在极端气象条件下,响水沟仍有可能发生中等至大规模暴雨型粘性泥石流。     

秦岭-大别-苏鲁印支造山带连接枢纽的形成时代——来自宁陕断裂带同构造花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学的限定

最新的研究表明,南秦岭勉略缝合带可以经宁陕左行走滑断裂带与大别苏鲁的高压/超高压变质带相连。对于这个模型,两带间的"连接枢纽"—宁陕走滑断层的活动时间是关键问题之一。研究显示宁陕断裂带是南秦岭中的一条走向近E-W的走滑剪切带,早期为左行韧性剪切变形,晚期叠加了左行脆性剪切变形。对带内千糜岩化石英片岩中的两期同构造花岗岩脉的构造地质学、岩石学和锆石U-Pb和Lu-Hf同位素研究,获得早期面理化细粒花岗岩的年龄为214.4±1.1Ma(MSWD=1.3),εHf(t)主要集中在-8.58~-0.29之间,tDM2=2.45~1.62Ga;晚期钾长花岗岩脉的年龄212.8±1.6Ma(MSWD=2.1),εHf(t)=-5.79~2.07,tDM2=2.53~1.49Ga。同位素数据表明两期花岗岩脉具有相同的岩浆源区,是古老地壳物质的再循环;晚期钾长花岗岩脉是早期花岗岩演化的产物。两期同构造花岗岩脉年龄的确定,表明宁陕左行走滑断层至少从晚三叠世中期之前就已经开始活动,而不是前人认为的早-中侏罗世或晚三叠末。尤其是宁陕左行走滑断裂带与勉略缝合带具有相同的左行韧性走滑叠加晚期脆性走滑的构造样式和活动时间,表明二者的形成可能都与古特提斯洋的斜向俯冲或者扬子板块的顺时针旋转有关。本研究成果为南秦岭的"古特提斯洋缝合带"——勉略缝合带向东经宁陕断裂带与大陆俯冲和深俯冲形成的耀岭河-桐柏-大别-苏鲁高压/超高压变质带相接提供了关键的年代学证据。     

Biomarker records of phytoplankton productivity and community structure changes during the last 14000 years in the mud area southwest off Cheju Island, East China Sea

The ecological environment in the East China Sea (ECS) and the Yellow Sea (YS) has changed significantly due to sea-level rising and the Kuroshio incursion since the last deglaciation. In this study, biomarker records of core F10B from the mud area southwest off Cheju Island (MSWCI) were generated to evaluate phytoplankton productivity and community structure changes in response to environmental evolution during the last 14 kyr. The contents of diatom, dinoflagellate and haptophyte biomarkers (brassicasterol, dinosterol and C₃₇ alkenones) display similar trends, with increasing phytoplankton productivity during the last 14 kyr due to the increased influences of the Kuroshio, and especially due to the eddy-induced upwelling during the late Holocene. On the other hand, the contents of terrestrial biomarkers (C₂₈ +C₃₀ +C₃₂ n-alkanols) and terrestrial organic matter (TOM) proxies (TMBR’ and BIT) all reveal decreasing TOM input into the area around the sampling site for the 14 kyr, mostly due to sea-level rising. Phytoplankton biomarker ratios reveal a shift from a haptophyte-dominated community at 6.2–2.5 kyr BP to a diatom-dominated community at 2.5–1.45 kyr BP, likely caused by a stronger cold eddy circulation system at 2.5–1.45 kyr BP in the MSWCI.