全文获取类型
收费全文 | 39420篇 |
免费 | 3468篇 |
国内免费 | 5536篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 3329篇 |
大气科学 | 4403篇 |
地球物理 | 7742篇 |
地质学 | 20884篇 |
海洋学 | 3173篇 |
天文学 | 2036篇 |
综合类 | 3652篇 |
自然地理 | 3205篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 171篇 |
2023年 | 462篇 |
2022年 | 1007篇 |
2021年 | 1135篇 |
2020年 | 949篇 |
2019年 | 1003篇 |
2018年 | 5757篇 |
2017年 | 4866篇 |
2016年 | 3540篇 |
2015年 | 1351篇 |
2014年 | 1253篇 |
2013年 | 1256篇 |
2012年 | 2298篇 |
2011年 | 3981篇 |
2010年 | 3244篇 |
2009年 | 3394篇 |
2008年 | 2834篇 |
2007年 | 3197篇 |
2006年 | 810篇 |
2005年 | 810篇 |
2004年 | 841篇 |
2003年 | 791篇 |
2002年 | 644篇 |
2001年 | 434篇 |
2000年 | 391篇 |
1999年 | 360篇 |
1998年 | 255篇 |
1997年 | 224篇 |
1996年 | 204篇 |
1995年 | 153篇 |
1994年 | 173篇 |
1993年 | 116篇 |
1992年 | 100篇 |
1991年 | 69篇 |
1990年 | 54篇 |
1989年 | 45篇 |
1988年 | 45篇 |
1987年 | 32篇 |
1986年 | 19篇 |
1985年 | 24篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 28篇 |
1980年 | 29篇 |
1979年 | 16篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1958年 | 12篇 |
1957年 | 7篇 |
1954年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
73.
滇东南薄竹山花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及地质意义 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
通过对滇东南薄竹山花岗复式岩体3个代表性花岗岩样品的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄测试,获得了该岩体的形成时代。其中,雷达站单元样品的206Pb-238U加权平均年龄为(86.51±0.52) Ma(MSWD值为2.4);所作底单元样品的206Pb-238U 加权平均年龄为(87.54±0.65) Ma(MSWD值为1.6);洋芋树单元样品的206Pb-238U 加权平均年龄为(87.83±0.39) Ma (MSWD值为0.15)。这些分布比较集中的年龄数据为薄竹山花岗岩体提供了一个准确的形成时限。这些年龄数据表明,薄竹山花岗岩体同区域内的其它岩浆岩和与之相关的个旧、大厂、都龙超大型锡多金属矿床等都是晚白垩世的产物,均为华南西部地区岩浆-成矿带的重要组成部分,也是华南西部晚白垩世大规模成岩成矿作用在滇东南地区的又一具体表现。 相似文献
74.
The broadband diffuse radiation method is improved to retrieve the aerosol refractive index imaginary part (AIP) and broadband (400-1000 nm mean) single scattering albedo (SSA). In this method, four sets of SSA selection criteria are proposed for quality control. The method is used to retrieve AIP, SSA and absorptive optical thickness (AbOT) from routine hourly-exposed pyrheliometer and paranometer measurements over 11 sites (meteorological observatories) in China during 1998-2003. Apart from one suburban site (Ejin Qi), the other urban sites are all located around big or medium cities. As shown in the retrieval results, annual mean SSA during 1998-2003 changes from 0.941 (Wuhan) to 0.849 (Lanzhou), and AIP from 0.0054 to 0.0203. The 11-site average annual mean SSA and AIP are 0.898 and 0.0119, respectively. SSA during winter is smaller for most sites. There is an evidently positive correlation between SSA and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) for all sites. There is also a positive correlation between SSA and relative humidity for most sites, but a negative correlation for a few sites, such as Kashi and ǚrǚmqi in Northwest China. 相似文献
75.
The climate–population relationship has long been conceived. Although the topic has been repeatedly investigated, most of
the related works are Eurocentric or qualitative. Consequently, the relationship between climate and population remains ambiguous.
In this study, fine-grained temperature reconstructions and historical population data sets have been employed to statistically
test a hypothesized relationship between temperature change and population growth (i.e., cooling associated with below average
population growth) in China over the past millennium. The important results were: (1) Long-term temperature change significantly
determined the population growth dynamics of China. However, spatial variation existed, whilst population growth in Central
China was shown to be responsive to both long- and short-term temperature changes; in marginal areas, population growth was
only sensitive to short-term temperature fluctuations. (2) Temporally, the temperature–population relationship was obscured
in some periods, which was attributable to the factors of drought and social buffers. In summary, a temperature–population
relationship was mediated by geographic factors, the aridity threshold, and social factors. Given the upcoming threat posed
by climate change to human societies, this study seeks to improve our knowledge and understanding of the climate–society relationship. 相似文献
76.
UV attenuation in the cloudy atmosphere 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jianhui Bai 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2009,62(3):211-228
Ultraviolet (UV) energy absorption plays a very important role in the Earth–atmosphere system. Based on observational data
for Beijing, we suggest that some atmospheric constituents utilize or transfer UV energy in chemical and photochemical (C&P) reactions, in addition to those which absorb UV energy directly. These constituents are primarily volatile organic compounds
(VOCs) emitted from both vegetative and anthropogenic sources. The total UV energy loss in the cloudy atmosphere for Beijing
in 1990 was 78.9 Wm−2. This attenuation was caused by ozone (48.3 Wm−2), other compounds in the atmosphere (26.6 Wm−2) and a scattering factor (4.0 Wm−2). Our results for a cloudy atmosphere in the Beijing area show that the absorption due to these other compounds occurs largely
through the mediation of water vapor. This fraction of energy loss has not been fully accounted for in previous models. Observations
and previous models results suggest that 1) a cloudy atmosphere absorbs 25∼30 Wm−2 more solar shortwave radiation than models predict; and 2) aerosols can significantly decrease the downward mean UV-visible
radiation and the absorbed solar radiation at the surface by up to 28 and 23 Wm−2, respectively. Thus, quantitative study of UV and visible absorption by atmospheric constituents involved in homogeneous
and heterogeneous C&P reactions is important for atmospheric models. 相似文献
77.
José Luís Argaín Miguel A. C. Teixeira Pedro M. A. Miranda 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2017,165(1):145-160
A method is proposed for estimating the surface-layer depth \((z_s)\) and the friction velocity \((u_*)\) as a function of stability (here quantified by the Obukhov length, L) over the complete range of unstable flow regimes. This method extends that developed previously for stable conditions by Argaín et al. (Boundary-Layer Meteorol 130:15–28, 2009), but uses a qualitatively different approach. The method is specifically used to calculate the fractional speed-up \((\varDelta S)\) in flow over a ridge, although it is suitable for more general boundary-layer applications. The behaviour of \(z_s \left( L\right) \) and \(u_*\left( L\right) \) as a function of L is indirectly assessed via calculation of \(\varDelta S\left( L\right) \) using the linear model of Hunt et al. (Q J R Meteorol Soc 29:16–26, 1988) and its comparison with the field measurements reported in Coppin et al. (Boundary-Layer Meteorol 69:173–199, 1994) and with numerical simulations carried out using a non-linear numerical model, FLEX. The behaviour of \(\varDelta S\) estimated from the linear model is clearly improved when \(u_*\) is calculated using the method proposed here, confirming the importance of accounting for the dependences of \(z_s\left( L \right) \) and \(u_*\left( L \right) \) on L to better represent processes in the unstable boundary layer. 相似文献
78.
General purpose Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solvers are frequently used in small-scale urban pollution dispersion simulations
without a large extent of ver- tical flow. Vertical flow, however, plays an important role in the formation of local breezes,
such as urban heat island induced breezes that have great significance in the ventilation of large cities. The effects of
atmospheric stratification, anelasticity and Coriolis force must be taken into account in such simulations. We introduce a
general method for adapting pressure based CFD solvers to atmospheric flow simulations in order to take advantage of their
high flexibility in geometrical modelling and meshing. Compressibility and thermal stratification effects are taken into account
by utilizing a novel system of transformations of the field variables and by adding consequential source terms to the model
equations of incompressible flow. Phenomena involving mesoscale to microscale coupled effects can be analyzed without model
nesting, applying only local grid refinement of an arbitrary level. Elements of the method are validated against an analytical
solution, results of a reference calculation, and a laboratory scale urban heat island circulation experiment. The new approach
can be applied with benefits to several areas of application. Inclusion of the moisture transport phenomena and the surface
energy balance are important further steps towards the practical application of the method. 相似文献
79.
我国月降水和气温网格点资料的处理和分析 总被引:14,自引:2,他引:14
用逐步搜索逼近法的客观分析技术计算出1951-1992年中国月降水量和月平均气温的格点资料,并利用图象识别原理对格点值和站点观测值进行了比较。 相似文献
80.