Relationship Between the Western Pacific Subtropical High and the Subtropical East Asian Diabatic Heating During South China Heavy Rains in June 2005

Based on the daily NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the position variation of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) in June 2005 and its relation to the diabatic heating in the subtropical East Asia are analyzed using the complete vertical vorticity equation. The results show that the position variation of the WPSH is indeed associated with the diabatic heating in the subtropical East Asian areas. In comparison with June climatology, stronger heating on the north side of the WPSH and relatively weak ITCZ (intertropical convergence zone) convection on the south side of the WPSH occurred in June 2005. Along with the northward movement of the WPSH, the convective latent heating extended northward from the south side of the WPSH. The heating to the west of the WPSH was generally greater than that inside the WPSH, and each significant enhancement of the heating field corresponded to a subsequent westward extension of the WPSH. In the mid troposphere, the vertical variation of heating on the north of the WPSH was greater than the climatology, which is unfavorable for the northward movement of the WPSH. On the other hand, the vertical variation of heating south of the WPSH was largely smaller than the climatology, which is favorable for the anomalous increase of anticyclonic vorticity, leading to the southward retreat of the WPSH. Before the westward extension of the WPSH in late June 2005, the vertical variation of heating rates to (in) the west (east) of the WPSH was largely higher (lower) than the climatology, which is in favor of the increase of anticyclonic (cyclonic) vorticity to (in) the west (east) of the WPSH, inducing the subsequent westward extension of the WPSH. Similar features appeared in the lower troposphere. In a word, the heating on the north-south, east-west of the WPSH worked together, resulting in the WPSH extending more southward and westward in June 2005, which is favorable to the maintenance of the rainbelt in South China.     

冲、爆、钻复合性钻进工艺在大滚石、孤石桩孔中的应用

在大口径工程施工中，采用以往一般方法对付某些特殊复杂地层效果欠使。本文所介绍的采用钢丝绳冲击钻迸、爆破与硬质合金回转钻进（即冲、爆、钻）相结合复合性钻进工艺，基本解决了在大滚石、孤石桩孔中难以施工的问题。     

1965-2007年沙澧河流域潜在蒸散量变化趋势

利用1965-2007年沙澧河流域12个气象站的逐月气候资料,采用FAO推荐的彭曼-孟蒂斯公式计算潜在蒸散量,分析了沙澧河流域43 a潜在蒸散量的变化趋势,并在ArcGIS环境下通过Spline插值法分析了该流域潜在蒸散量空间分布特征,此外还对造成潜在蒸散量变化的主要气候影响因子进行了探讨。结果表明:从空间分布来看,潜在蒸散量年和四季从西北到东南基本呈下降趋势。从时间变化来看,年潜在蒸散量略呈下降趋势,但变化不明显;冬、春季呈增加趋势,年际变化率分别为0.189 mm.a-1和0.540 mm.a-1,夏、秋季呈减小趋势,其中夏季减少尤其明显,年际变化率为-1.354 mm.a-1。日照是影响年和夏、秋季潜在蒸散量变化的主导因素,而气温是影响冬、春季潜在蒸散量变化的主导因素。     

近160年来闽浙泥质区游离态脂肪酸的分布特征及其环境指示意义

闽浙泥质区沉积物中的有机质来源复杂,记录着自然气候环境演变和人类活动的大量信息。本研究对该泥质区2站位岩芯中脂类生物标志物——游离态脂肪酸近160年来的分布特征进行对比分析,发现其沉积物样品游离态脂肪酸均以微藻类和细菌等海洋自生生物源为主,陆源高等植物贡献较少。结果进一步表明,东亚季风、黑潮和太平洋十年涛动（PDO）等自然气候环境因素变化主导了海源游离态脂肪酸总量：20世纪明显高于19世纪,20世纪70年代末至90年代初异常发育;长江全流域洪水事件（1998年、1954年和1931年）致使该泥质区陆源游离态脂肪酸异常增加,海源则减少。人类活动则主导了20世纪60年代之后游离态脂肪酸的持续增加,尤以海源增加最为显著;长江三峡大坝建设影响了硅藻的生长。i-C_15：0%指标反演该泥质区的低氧程度20世纪50年代后呈显著增加趋势,80年代中期后进一步加剧。

     

具有尘带的椭圆星系的红外辐射特性

IRAS在12,25,60和100μm的巡天,给我们提供了研究各类星系红外辐射特性的可能。为了研究具有尘带的E和SO星系的红外辐射特性,我们利用了E.Sadler给出的完备的E和SO星系表。在该星系表中共列出248个夭体,其中38个被证记为IRAS点源,且又有确切的60和100μm的流量值。在这38个天体中有6个被列在K.Ebneter和B.Balik最新发表的具有全带的椭圆星系表中。我们以这6个星系作为具有尘带的E和SO星系的样本,其它32个没有尘带的E和SO星系即作为对照样本。为了讨论具有尘带的椭圆星系的红外辐射特性,我们利用非参数Mann-Whitney检验,对这两个样本的LIR和FIR/FB的分布作了讨论,结果是在对于置信度α=0.05的水平上,我们不能拒绝另一假设:这两个样本的LIR和FIR/FB的分布是相同的。对于同时具有25,60和100μm确切流量的E和SO星系我们讨论了它们的双色图,结果发现,不具尘带的E和SO星系都处于Rowan-Robinson.et al所指出的正常星系区,而一些具有尘和带的ESO星系,则远离这一区域,它们是LINER和SEYFERT星系。     

广西合浦盆地干热岩资源成热条件及潜力评价

为了对广西合浦盆地干热岩资源成热条件及其潜力进行评价,利用广西航磁勘查数据,采用Parker-Oldenburg法反演计算了居里面深度。在此基础上进行大地热流密度值和不同埋深地温计算,发现计算结果与现有测温资料吻合,合浦盆地内西场凹陷和常乐凹陷具有干热岩资源成生条件。结合合浦盆地内基础地质调查资料和油气钻孔资料,分析了合浦盆地干热岩资源的储层和盖层条件。初步圈出2个位于西场凹陷和常乐凹陷的干热岩勘查靶区C1和C2,面积分别为167.10和72.90 km²,干热岩资源量分别为182.48×10¹⁵、77.59×10¹⁵ J。按20%的采收率,合浦盆地干热岩资源量可开采量为52.01×10¹⁵ J,折合标准煤177.48×10⁴ t,占2018年广西全区能源生产总量3 756.69×10⁴ t标准煤的4.72%。在资源量评价基础上,可优先考虑位于合浦盆地西场凹陷的C1靶区开展进一步的勘探工作。     

2-D crustal Poisson’s ratio from seismic travel time inversion in Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic region

Based on the inversion method of 2D velocity structure and interface, the crustal velocity structures of P-wave and S-wave along the profile L ₁ are determined simultaneously with deep seismic sounding data in Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic region, and then its Poisson’s ratio is obtained. Calculated results show that this technique overcomes some defects of traditional forward calculation method, and it is also very effective to determine Poisson’s ratio distribution of deep seismic sounding profile, especially useful for study on volcanic magma and crustal fault zone. Study result indicates that there is an abnormally high Poisson’s ratio body that is about 30 km wide and 12 km high in the low velocity region under Tianchi crater. Its value of Poisson’s ratio is 8% higher than that of surrounding medium and it should be the magma chamber formed from melted rock with high temperature. There is a high Poisson’s ratio zone ranging from magma chamber to the top of crust, which may be the uprise passage of hot substance. The lower part with high Poisson’s ratio, which stretches downward to Moho, is possibly the extrusion way of hot substance from the uppermost mantle. The conclusions above are consistent with the study results of both tomographic determination of 3D crustal structure and magnetotelluric survey in this region. Foundation item: Key Project from China Earthquake Administration and the Project (95-11-02-01) from Ministry of Science and Technology (2001DIA10003). Contribution No. RCEG200401, Geophysical Exploration Center, China Earthquake Administration.     

基于DBSCAN与网格搜索的雷电定位算法

定位精度是评价雷电定位网络的重要指标之一,定位算法直接影响雷电探测结果的精度。雷电监测系统探测数据误差不可避免,传统定位算法不具备抗误差干扰能力,迭代计算易发散,定位结果精度不高。为了满足实际应用需求,提出一种新的雷电定位算法DG-LLA（DBSCAN and grid-search lighting location algorithm）,在定位计算中引入DBSCAN（density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise）方法与网格搜索方法。通过仿真与国家雷电监测网实际定位结果对比分析定位算法性能。结果表明:到达时间差（time difference of arrival,TDOA）法和Taylor级数展开法定位误差较大,仿真区域的均方根误差分别为982 m和668 m;定位中引入DBSCAN方法后,均方根误差明显减小为406 m,引入DBSCAN方法和网格搜索方法后,均方根误差减小为349 m;在相同回击数据条件下,算法DG-LLA与国家雷电监测网相比定位数量更多,回击数据的利用率从43.4%提升到51.5%,新增定位结果周围雷达回波特征较强,定位精度更高。     

1956-2006年中国高温日数的变化趋势

 利用全国541个站的均一化日最高气温资料,分析了高温日数的时空变化特征及其对全球变暖的响应。结果表明：1956-2006年我国高温日数有两个高值中心,分别出现在吐鲁番盆地和江南地区。高温日数呈现"增加－减少－增加"的趋势;新疆的高温日数有准3 a的周期变化,中国东部4个地区的高温日数都存在3～6 a的周期变化。中东部地区高温日数由减少转变为增加趋势的时间并不一致,随着纬度的增加而逐渐延迟。