Genetic mechanism and failure process of the Mogangling seismic landslide

This paper presents a case study on the Mogangling landslide and its characteristics and geological mechanism. The Mogangling landslide is a giant rock landslide located at the intersection of Dadu river and Moxi river. It is a landslide triggered by an earthquake with large magnitude that occurred in 18th century. Based on detailed site investigation, it shows the Mogangling landslide developed in the Kangding complex strata, composed of completely decomposed aggregates of massive-block stone, debris and soil with some gravels, pebbles and sand layer found distributed in front of the landslide. The control factor of the deformation of this landslide is the combined effect of Detuo fault which is located under the slope, and the regional stress formed along structural planes as well as the free surfaces formed by river cutting. Therefore, when the Kangding-Moxi earthquake (Ms =7.7) occurred on 1st June, 1786, due to seismic shaking, topographic amplification effects and back slope effects, the Mogangling landslide occurred. The Dadu River is the most important river for hydropower development in China; large-scale seismic landslides along the Dadu River are the most important geological issue during the construction of hydropower stations. Therefore, this research is important from the point of view of economic and social benefits.     

快速射电暴的数据统计

快速射电暴于2007年首次在脉冲星巡天的历史数据中被发现,是一种在射电波段观测到的具有色散量的单个强脉冲,其特征为持续时间仅为若干毫秒,峰值流量密度可达到央斯基量级。类似于射电脉冲星的单个脉冲,但其色散显著超过同一视线方向上银河系内星际介质的预期最大值。对截止2018年6月帕克斯望远镜、绿岸望远镜、阿雷西博射电望远镜、UTMOST望远镜和ASKAP望远镜已探测到的52例快速射电暴进行了观测量统计分析,根据模型扣除银河系星际介质导致的色散量后,快速射电暴平均色散量为584.5 pc·cm^-3,暗示着快速射电暴来自河外。通过最佳拟合估算红移幂律分布谱dN/dF_obs=4.14±1.30×F■sky^-1·day^-1。根据分析结果预计,FAST望远镜使用19波束接收机后,其多科学目标同时巡天在经过一年时间内能发现大约10个快速射电暴,将有效地扩大样本数量,为快速射电暴研究提供重要信息。     

Methods and procedures to determine the outer limits of the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles

This paper establishes techniques and methods to determine a variety of boundaries associated with 200 nautical miles beyond the continental shelf. The methods, based on topography, slope and second-deriv- ative profile integrated analysis, are now able to identify automatically the foot of the continental slope （FOS）. By analyzing the sedimentary profile, the points of 1% sediment thickness are recognized. Through the intersection, cut, deletion and mergence calculation of the extrapolated data set of fLxed-point series, the method succeeds in generating automatically the extrapolated boundaries, including the FOS＋60 M line, the 350 M line, and the 2500 m＋100 M line. In addition, based on the automatic analysis of the topographic profile, it can be applied to determine rapidly the points of maximum water depth. Taking the northern Okinawa Trough （OT） as an example, these methods are used to calculate and examine the boundaries in- cluded in the Submission by the People＇s Republic of China Concerning the Outer Limits of the Continental Shelf beyond 200 Nautical miles in Part of the East China Sea （ECS）; the boundaries thus derived have a solid scientific and rational basis.     

阿尔金淡水泉早古生代泥质高压麻粒岩及其P-T演化轨迹

南阿尔金构造带淡水泉一带出露的含石榴石蓝晶石黑云母片麻岩是一套典型的泥质高压麻粒岩,其峰期特征矿物组合为石榴子石+蓝晶石+钾长石+金红石+石英.根据矿物内部一致性热力学数据和Thermocalc 3.23程序计算,确定其峰期变质温压条件为T>850℃和P>11kbar.结合岩相学研究和P-T视剖面图计算,可识别出该岩石经历了4个阶段的变质演化,构成了一个早期快速等温降压,后期近等压降温的顺时针型的退变质P-T演化轨迹,为与陆壳俯冲碰撞有关的高压变质事件的产物.该岩石锆石阴极发光图像显示其内部具有明显的核.边结构,核部为残留的原岩碎屑锆石,边部则表现为面状或扇状生长的变质锆石的特征.微区原位LA-ICP-MS微量元素分析表明,核部测点的重稀土含量较高,对应Th/U接近于0.4,具有岩浆锆石的特征;边部测点的重稀土相对亏损,重稀土配分曲线平坦,对应Th/U比值均小于0.1,显示与石榴子石平衡共生的变质锆石特征.LA-ICP-MS微区定年获得其变质年龄为486±5Ma,该年龄值与阿尔金江尕勒萨依和英格利萨依两地超高压变质岩石的变质年龄相近,进一步证明沿阿尔金构造带南缘断续存在一条早古生代的高压-超高压变质岩带.另外,本次研究在获得该泥质高压麻粒岩峰期变质时代的同时,还获得该岩石原岩的形成时代上限值约为719Ma,从而限定阿尔金构造带南缘阿尔金群的形成时代可能不属古元古代,而应属新元古代.     

应用GasBench Ⅱ-IRMS优化碳氧同位素分析方法

GasBenchⅡ-连续流稳定同位素质谱仪(IRMS)联用在线分析已成为碳酸盐碳氧同位素分析测试的常用方法,已有研究认为不同的实验条件直接影响δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O同位素测试结果的准确性。但这些报道未对该联用方法所涉及的实验条件进行综合分析。本文系统研究了GasBenchⅡ-IRMS法中各种实验条件(包括排空时间、反应温度、反应时间和色谱分离温度)对碳氧同位素测试结果的综合影响。结果表明:排空时间大于9 min可有效消除空气对测试结果的干扰,不同的反应温度和时间对碳氧同位素分析结果均有一定影响,经条件优化确定反应温度为72℃,反应时间为60 min,色谱分离温度为60℃。在优化的实验条件下,碳氧同位素分析精度分别优于0.03‰和0.05‰,达到了国际分析测试水平。同时,选择合适的同位素数据归一化方法可以进一步保证碳氧同位素测试结果的准确性和可靠性。通过分析近4000件实际样品,对比单一标准物质校准和双标准物质校准同位素归一化方法的计算结果,发现双标准物质校准偏差小于单一标准物质校准偏差,因此建议采用双标准物质校准法进行样品同位素标准化计算。本研究为GasBenchⅡ-IRMS联用技术中实验条件的选取提供了一定的参考,保证碳氧同位素测试结果的可靠性和准确性。同时提出,由于样品成分复杂且不均一,在分析实际样品时需要根据样品的性质进一步对实验条件进行考察。     

黎平双江电站水库暴雨洪水设计

该文选用参证站资料的方法,对黎平县双江电站水库1954—2021年近68 a来逐年最大日降水量采用PearsonⅢ型研究方法和贵州省暴雨洪水计算公式进行研究。结果表明：黎平双江电站水库年最大日降水量年变化呈上升趋势,2010年以后上升趋势较显著。暴雨洪水设计以H_1d=119.29 mm、C_v=0.47、C_s/C_v=3.5作为研究成果,防洪标准按50 a一遇的暴雨洪水设计成果为P=2.0%,日最大降水量=277 mm、洪峰流量=2509 m³·s^-1;洪水校核按500 a一遇的暴雨洪水设计成果为P=0.2%,日最大降水量=391 mm、洪峰流量=3905 m³·s^-1;消能防冲设计标准按30 a一遇的设计成果为P=3.3%,日最大降水量=252 mm、洪峰流量=2209 m³·s^-1。研究成果对黎平双江电站水库预防灾害性强降水、安全渡汛和水库优化调度、提高产能具有十分重要...     

岩石嵌固掏挖基础抗拔承载特性及其影响因素研究

岩石嵌固掏挖基础目前已经广泛应用于电力基础工程中。原状土由于受扰动较小,胶结性强,具有良好的抗剪强度,对掏挖基础抗拔承载力具有重要影响,因此研究原状土参数变化对基础上拔承载性能的影响规律具有重要意义。结合现场试验,建立数值模型,研究土体黏聚力、内摩擦角、弹性模量对基础上拔承载性能的影响规律。研究表明:土体内摩擦角和黏聚力对基础抗拔承载力具有较大影响,而弹性模量影响程度较低;参数的变化对土体塑性区发展规律影响较小。     

Using Array Methods to Identify and Process Weak Signals Generated by the Brightlight(Ⅰ) 50t Explosion

Waveforms generated by the 50t explosion of project Brightlight(Ⅰ) were recorded by HILR array.Using array techniques,the author performed identification,f-k analysis,velocity spectrum analysis,etc.of the weak signals.The analysis results show that the signal-to-noise ratio after beamforming was obviously enhanced,and the signal could be clearly shown.The energy from this explosion was mainly concentrated in the 1 ～ 8Hz range from f-k analysis.The velocity spectrum gave clear positions of event phases,which could not be seen in the original weak signals.The maximum energy distribution obtained by the Beaman method is close to the theoretical value in the azimuth-slowness domain.     

岩溶洞穴次生碳酸盐沉积铀及其同位素组成古气候环境研究进展

洞穴沉积铀含量及其同位素初始234U/238U[（234U/238U)0]变化均与过去气候环境变化关系密切。文章分别对石笋中U含量和(234U/238U)0的气候意义进行统计分析发现,多数研究认为洞穴沉积U含量和(234U/238U)0可能指示土壤湿度和有效降水变化。然而,不管是对洞穴沉积的U含量还是(234U/238U)0,其气候环境意义解读还存在两种观点。但无论如何,这些研究成果都显示了洞穴沉积的U含量和(234U/238U)0是研究过去气候环境变化的重要替代指标。在未来的研究中,除了土壤环境和过程,还应关注U来源的相对贡献变化和其他微量元素与U元素的关系。这一指标可能在对东亚地区的大气粉尘活动和冬季风演化、地表生物量的变化研究等方面发挥重要作用。