哀牢山-红河左旋走滑剪切带中新世抬升的时间序列

在哀牢山-红河剪切带的元阳到者龙的6个不同地点,对18个变质岩样品进行系统分析钾长石的~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年龄。发现用MDD模式得到的18条冷却曲线(温度范围在400-150℃之间)均存在一次(或两次)快速冷却过程(冷却速度>100°C/Ma),这种快速冷却(抬升)过程不仅反映了该剪切带在大约25-17Ma时,韧性走滑作用结束和正断作用的开始,而且它的起始时间还有自东南向西北逐渐变新的趋势。利用6个不同地点快速冷却(抬升)的起始时间与相对距离作图时,得到了较好的线性函数关系(斜率为34mm/a)     

考虑含水率影响的非饱和原状黄土冻融强度试验研究

提出了用于非饱和原状黄土增湿的蒸汽增湿方法,给出了蒸汽增湿试验步骤,通过对比试验分析确定了适宜的试验参数,从增湿后水分分布是否均匀、土体密度是否改变等方面论证了蒸汽增湿方法的有效性。对含水率的测试结果表明,微波炉法测试结果能满足精度要求,酒精燃烧法在测试较高含水率时误差较大。进一步应用蒸汽增湿法得到的不同含水率原状土样测定了非饱和黄土冻融后的强度指标,揭示出当非饱和原状黄土含水率过低时,冻融作用对黄土的粘聚力值基本没有影响,当含水率较高时,经历冻融循环后黄土粘聚力值较冻融前降低,冻结温度越低以及冻融循环次数越多,降低值越大。经历冻融循环后黄土内摩擦角值较冻融前增加,冻结温度越低,增加值越大。在含水率较低时冻融循环次数几乎不引起内摩擦角值发生变化,在含水率较高时冻融循环次数越多,引起内摩擦角增加值越大。     

空间分析技术与地理信息系统的结合*

空间分析和地理信息系统是两种有效的空间信息分析和处理技术,二者的结合一方面可以大大拓展GIS的空间分析功能,另一方面也可使得迅速发展的空间分析得到GIS的有力支持,文中对此进行了探讨,并分析了二者结合的途径。     

Ecological compensation for desertification control: A review

Desertification control is a crucial way to enhancing the ecological conditions of arid and semi-arid regions, and maintaining sustainable development globally. Designing and improving an ecological compensation mechanism for desertification control has great significance related to achieving balance amongst the needs of different economic subjects and the assurance of a sustained and stable supply of desert ecosystem services. In this paper, (1) the theoretical bases of ecological compensation for desertification control were re-analyzed; (2) the research status and challenges of three important topics related to ecological compensation for desertification control were systemically discussed, including compensation standards, ecosystem service supply-consumption process and multi-scale effects, and resource- environment basis and policy orientation; (3) a research framework of ecological compensation for desertification control based on the process of desert ecosystem service supply–flow–consumption was proposed; (4) and finally, seven priority research issues were discussed, which aimed to support ecological compensation policy-making and ecological engineering implementation for desertification control.     

中国区域水汽输送异常与长江流域旱涝的关系

The characteristics of water vapor transport (WVT) over China and its relationship with precipitation anomalies in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) are analyzed by using the upper-air station data in China and ECMWF reanalysis data in summer from 1981 to 2002. The results indicate that the first mode of the vertically integrated WVT is significant whose spatial distribution presents water vapor convergence or divergence in the YRB. When the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) is strong and shifts southward and westward, the Indian Monsoon Low Pressure (IMLP) is weak, and the northern part of China stands behind the middle and high latitude trough, a large amount of water vapor from the Bay of Bengal (BOB), the South China Sea (SCS) and the western Pacific forms a strong and steady southwest WVT band and meets the strong cold water vapor from northern China in the YRB, thus it is likely to cause flood in the YRB. When WPSH is weak and shifts northward and eastward, IMLP is strong, and there is nearly straight west wind over the middle and high latitude, it is unfavorable for oceanic vapor extending to China and no steady and strong southwest WVT exists in the region south of the YRB. Meanwhile, the cold air from northern China is weak and can hardly be transported to the YRB. This brings on no obvious water vapor convergence, and then less precipitation in the YRB. Foundation: International Technology Cooperation Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, No. 2007DFB20210; Application Technology Research and Development Project of Sichuan Province, No. 2008NG0009; Basic Research Foundation of Institute of Chengdu Plateau, China Meteorological Administration, No.BROP2000802 Author: Jiang Xingwen (1983–), specialized in the study of climate diagnosis.     

海岸沙丘成因的讨论

本文以中国和西非二个典型沙丘海岸为例,说明海滨沙丘是海陆相互作用下形成的,特别是在冰期极地气候条件下,低海面时形成广大的岸外沙质浅滩,极地气旋风暴作用,促进海岸沙丘的形成发育。     

Identification of the “source” and “sink” patterns influencing non-point source pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

Non-point source pollution is one of the primarily ecological issues affecting the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. In this paper, landscape resistance and motivation coefficient, which integrated various landscape elements, such as land use, soil, hydrology, topography, and vegetation, was established based on the effects of large-scale resistance and motivation on the formation of non-point source pollution. In addition, cost models of the landscape resistance and motivation coefficients were constructed based on the distances from the landscape units to the sub-basin outlets in order to identify the “source” and “sink” patterns affecting the formation of non-point source pollution. The results indicated that the changes in the landscape resistance and motivation coefficients of the 16 sub-basins exhibited inverse relationships to their spatial distributions. The landscape resistance and motivation cost curves were more volatile than the landscape resistance and motivation coefficient curves. The landscape resistance and motivation cost trends of the 16 sub-basins became increasingly apparent along the flow of the Yangtze River. The landscape resistance and motivation cost models proposed in this paper could be used to identify large-scale non-point source pollution “source” and “sink” patterns. Moreover, the proposed model could be used to describe the large-scale spatial characteristics of non-point source pollution formation based on “source” and “sink” landscape pattern indices, spatial localization, and landscape resistance and motivation coefficients.     

雅鲁藏布江曲水-泽当段风沙活动动力条件分析与风沙灾害防治建议

雅鲁藏布江河流宽谷区是青藏高原风沙活动最为强烈地区之一.本文选择雅鲁藏布江曲水-泽当段为研究区,分析该地区1981-2010年以来的风动力条件变化特征.结果表明:1981年以来年平均风速明显降低,月平均风速2-4月最大.受河流-山地复合系统的影响,风向复杂且具有明显的空间差异性,贡嘎以西风和东风为主,泽当包括西风、南风...     

新疆柯坪巴立克立克组腕足动物群

报道和首次描述巴立克立克组腕足动物共30属39种,其中1新属7新种.该动物群具有石炭、二叠系过渡的性质,时代属于阿舍尔末期至萨克马尔最初期.Choristites qiudaisaiensis-Costifrina indicus 带分为 Postamartinia granulipwa-Rugivestis kutorgae 上亚带和 Costiferina punilus-Meckella hemiplicata 下亚带.下亚带属于阿舍尔末期,上亚带属于萨克马尔最初期,石炭、二叠乐界线置于下、下亚带之间,该动物群生物地理区系属古地中海大区,次级区系特征不明显,具混合性质。     

再探青藏高原十大关键地学科学问题——《地质学报》百年华诞纪念

本文重新审视了青藏高原的关键科学问题,为解决板块构造理论的"登陆"难题提供新的线索,为理解板块汇聚边界的大陆岩石圈演化及其能源资源、地质灾害和全球环境效应提供新的思路.本文探讨了青藏高原如下十大关键地学问题:①印度大陆北漂模型;②印度-亚洲初始碰撞时限;③青藏高原的古特提斯造山作用;④古近纪喜马拉雅造山带的地壳缩短;⑤...