全文获取类型
收费全文 | 29600篇 |
免费 | 5335篇 |
国内免费 | 7069篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 1286篇 |
大气科学 | 6676篇 |
地球物理 | 7615篇 |
地质学 | 14924篇 |
海洋学 | 3456篇 |
天文学 | 1456篇 |
综合类 | 3272篇 |
自然地理 | 3319篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 119篇 |
2023年 | 536篇 |
2022年 | 1220篇 |
2021年 | 1474篇 |
2020年 | 1263篇 |
2019年 | 1305篇 |
2018年 | 1600篇 |
2017年 | 1468篇 |
2016年 | 1706篇 |
2015年 | 1300篇 |
2014年 | 1801篇 |
2013年 | 1556篇 |
2012年 | 1497篇 |
2011年 | 1552篇 |
2010年 | 1692篇 |
2009年 | 1689篇 |
2008年 | 1439篇 |
2007年 | 1398篇 |
2006年 | 1174篇 |
2005年 | 1066篇 |
2004年 | 859篇 |
2003年 | 860篇 |
2002年 | 856篇 |
2001年 | 810篇 |
2000年 | 1012篇 |
1999年 | 1452篇 |
1998年 | 1224篇 |
1997年 | 1303篇 |
1996年 | 1085篇 |
1995年 | 1001篇 |
1994年 | 897篇 |
1993年 | 782篇 |
1992年 | 639篇 |
1991年 | 464篇 |
1990年 | 317篇 |
1989年 | 348篇 |
1988年 | 291篇 |
1987年 | 199篇 |
1986年 | 165篇 |
1985年 | 121篇 |
1984年 | 100篇 |
1983年 | 78篇 |
1982年 | 76篇 |
1981年 | 54篇 |
1980年 | 50篇 |
1979年 | 31篇 |
1978年 | 16篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1958年 | 24篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
讨论状态转移矩阵为随机性矩阵时的Kalman滤波方法,并给出滤波的具体算法及分析滤波的收敛特性和参数的取值范围。通过实际算例证实了该滤波方法的有效性。 相似文献
82.
Xie Rui-xiang Wang Min Shi Shuo-biao Xu Chun Li Wei-hua Yan Yi-hua 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2003,27(4):426-434
Using the decimetric (700–1500 MHz) radio spectrometer and the synchronous observational system with high temporal resolution at four frequencies (1420, 2130, 2840 and 4260 MHz) of Yunnan Observatory, two rare events were observed on 2001 June 24 and 1990 July 30. The former was a small radio burst exhibiting pulsations with short periods (about 29, 40 and 100 ms) in the impulsive phase. The latter was a large radio burst, which at 2840 MHz produced radio pulsations with period of about 30 ms. This paper focuses on pulsations with very short periods in the range of 29–40 ms. The mechanism of generation of such pulsations may be modulation of radio radiation by the periodic trains of whistler packets originating in unstable regions of the corona. Alternatively, these pulsations can be attributed to wave-wave non-linear interactions of electrostatic upper hybrid waves driven by beams of precipitating electrons in flaring loops. 相似文献
83.
通过对新疆东天山雅满苏岛弧带双龙铜矿成岩地质特征、岩石地球化学特征及Hf同位素分析,认为赋矿岩体为一套形成于后碰撞环境下的准铝质高钾钙碱性岩石系列的石英闪长岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄为(300.9±1.2)Ma。岩石地球化学显示,赋矿岩石具富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)K,Rb等及高场强元素(HFSE)Th,U,Zr和Hf,贫Nb,Ta,Ti,Sr,P特征,可能形成于后碰撞构造环境。石英闪长岩锆石176Hf/177Hf变化范围0.282949~0.283002,平均值0.282979,εHf(t)值为12.32~14.40,平均13.40,tDM2(Hf)为375~482Ma,平均429Ma,表明岩浆物源可能来自志留纪新生地壳的部分熔融。 相似文献
84.
文章选取了参加国际古气候模拟比较计划(Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project,简称PMIP)的6个耦合气候模式的模拟结果,着重对中全新世中东亚干旱区以及东亚季风区的夏季气候变化(气温、降水)进行分析,探讨了植被反馈作用对这3个区域中全新世气候变化的影响。由于各个模式之间以及所用的植被模块的差异,它们模拟的气候变化(气温、降水)的幅度有所不同,本文利用PMIP 2中6个模式的模拟结果分析,结果发现,在中全新世轨道因素的影响下,3个区域的平均温度和降水都有所增加。而中全新世植被的变化在: 1)东亚季风区,各个模式模拟的结果也各不相同,其中FOAM,ECHAM5.3-MPIOM127-LPJ和MRI-CGCM2.3.4FA这3个模式的模拟结果显示温度较现代低,而ECBILTCLIOVECODE,UBRIS-HADCM3M2和MRI-CGCM2.3.4NFA模式的模拟结果显示植被的变化导致地表温度较现代高,但各个模式对东亚季风区的中全新世植被变化所引起的降水变化并不理想,并且差异较大; 2)中东亚干旱区,ECBILTCLIOVECODE,FOAM和UBRIS-HADCM3M2模式的模拟结果表现出中全新世植被的变化导致中东亚干旱区夏季平均温度较现代低,而其他3个模式的模拟结果则表现出较现代高的趋势,但除MRI-CGCM2.3.4NFA模式外,其余5个模式均在中国西北新疆地区表现出0.5℃左右的降温,而几乎所有的模式都在中东亚干旱区表现出降水增加; 3)中亚地区,在温度方面,除了MRI-CGCM2.3.4NFA随着植被的变化表现出了较大的增温幅度外,其余5个模式夏季温度随着植被变化不大;而在降水方面,除了FOAM模式外,其他5个模式结果都显示出区域平均降水的增加。由此可见,在中全新世东亚季风区、中东亚干旱区以及中亚地区,除了太阳辐射等因素,植被对气候变化也有重要影响。 相似文献
85.
86.
Wang Hongxia Yue Xin Yu Jiajia Wang Rui Teng Shuangshuang Fang Jun Liu Baozhong 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2021,39(1):329-339
Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Disease in clams frequently occurred over the last decade and has become a serious threat to the clam aquaculture industry and natural stocks. Mass clam... 相似文献
87.
To study the effect of uncertain factors on the temperature field of frozen soil, we propose a method to calculate the spatial average
variance from just the point variance based on the local average theory of random fields. We model the heat transfer coefficient
and specific heat capacity as spatially random fields instead of traditional random variables. An analysis for calculating the random
temperature field of seasonal frozen soil is suggested by the Neumann stochastic finite element method, and here we provide the
computational formulae of mathematical expectation, variance and variable coefficient. As shown in the calculation flow chart, the
stochastic finite element calculation program for solving the random temperature field, as compiled by Matrix Laboratory
(MATLAB) software, can directly output the statistical results of the temperature field of frozen soil. An example is presented to
demonstrate the random effects from random field parameters, and the feasibility of the proposed approach is proven by comparing
these results with the results derived when the random parameters are only modeled as random variables. The results show that
the Neumann stochastic finite element method can efficiently solve the problem of random temperature fields of frozen soil based
on random field theory, and it can reduce the variability of calculation results when the random parameters are modeled as spatially
random fields. 相似文献
88.
基于2018年10月21日至11月6日莱州湾西岸连续站观测数据,本文利用集合经验模态分解、希尔伯特−黄变换和小波分析法对底层单宽输沙率的小尺度特征做分析,并针对观测期间出现的大风天气对泥沙输运的影响进行了探究。结果表明,单宽输沙率在观测时间段内具有高频、潮周期、低频以及长周期尺度变化特征,周期尺度从小到大。其中高频和潮周期分量方差贡献率及所含能量最高,对输沙率的影响最强。边际谱显示东西方向输沙率的显著周期为13.3 h,南北方向大于11 h的周期较为显著。观测期间底层净泥沙通量分别为东向305.77 kg/m、南向597.25 kg/m,余流分量贡献最大,低频和高频分量贡献最小。上强迫风场主要在风速衰减期通过湍流和波浪影响输沙速率的时频分布,使其低频变化显著增强的同时,产生1 h周期左右的高频波动。交叉小波分析显示,风速和单宽输沙率在低频波段上相干性较强,且单宽输沙率会滞后风速1/4至1/2个周期。另外,风浪会增强泥沙输运的涨落潮不对称性,进而增加潮周期分量上的泥沙净输运。 相似文献
89.
Qingsong Wang Xueliang Yuan Chunyuan Ma Zhen Zhang Jian Zuo 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2012,26(3):443-450
A new concept of urban environmental entropy was introduced to investigate the effect of urbanization on air environment considering
the fact that rapid development of urbanization may have negative influence on the whole air environment system. The urban
environmental entropies which were built based on the generalized thermodynamic entropy and the generalized statistic entropy,
respectively. These two entropy models have been used to analyze the relationship between the development of urbanization
and air environment. The negative entropy flow mechanism was proposed to reveal the advantages and approaches of regional
cities in improving air environment system. A case study on 17 cities in Shandong Province of China showed that the values
of urban environmental entropy were negative in most cities from 2001 to 2008, which implies that there is a positive correlation
between the development of urbanization and air environment and that is a negative entropy development level in Shandong Province
of China. In 2008, the urbanization of Qingdao city and Jinan city improved their air environments. Moreover, restraints for
both cities in air environment improvement were recognized according to the analysis of negative entropy flow mechanism. 相似文献
90.
Mapping vertical profile of discontinuous permafrost with ground penetrating radar at Nalaikh depression,Mongolia 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Tonghua Wu Qinxue Wang Masataka Watanabe Ji Chen Dorjgotov Battogtokh 《Environmental Geology》2009,56(8):1577-1583
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) has become an important geophysical tool which can provide a wealth of interpretive information
about the vertical profile of discontinuous permafrost. A GPR investigation was conducted in October 2006 at the Nalaikh site
at the southern boundary of the Siberian discontinuous permafrost region in Mongolia. GPR data were collected along four 100-m-long
profiles to identify the location of the permafrost body, which included an in situ drilling borehole and analysis of temperature
observations and soil water content measurements from boreholes. The GPR interpretation results indicated that the thickness
of discontinuous permafrost at the study site was only 1.9–3.0 m and the permafrost is vulnerable to climate change. The soil
temperature and soil water content data demonstrate the precision of GPR image interpretation. This case demonstrated that
GPR is well suited for mapping the internal structure of discontinuous permafrost with relatively low soil water content. 相似文献