1985-2005年环渤海地区土地利用变化时空格局

Based on TM image data and other survey materials, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of land use change in the Bohai Rim during 1985–2005. The findings of this study are summarized as follows: (1) Land use pattern changed dramatically during 1985–2005. Industrial and residential land in urban and rural areas increased by 643,946 hm², of which urban construction land had the largest and fastest increase of 294,953 hm² at an annual rate of 3.72%. (2) The outward migration of rural population did not prevent the expansion of residential land in rural areas by 184,869 hm². This increase reveals that construction of rural residences makes seriously wasteful and inefficient use of land. (3) Arable land, woodland and grassland decreased at a rate of −0.02%, −0.12% and −1.32% annually, while unused land shrank by 157,444 hm² at an annual rate of −1.69%. (4) The change of land use types showed marked fluctuations over the two stages (1985–1995 and 1995–2005). In particular, arable land, woodland and unused land experienced an inversed trend of change. (5) There was a significant interaction between arable land and woodland. Industrial construction land in urban and rural areas showed a net trend of increase during the earlier period, but only adjustment to its internal structure during the second period. The loss of arable land to the construction of factories, mines and residences took place mainly in the fringe areas of large and medium-sized cities, along the routes of major roads, as well as in the economically developed coastal areas in the east. Such changes are closely related to the spatial differentiation of the level of urbanization and industrialization in the region.     

一种基于特征点的无人机影像自动拼接方法

论述了当前无人机影像快速拼接可选用的方法及可行性,将稳健的SIFT算法引入无人机影像自动拼接中,分析了该算法各阶段所消耗的时间.结合无人机自身的特点对算法进行改进,在进行特征点提取前通过估算相邻影像间的重叠度缩小了搜索范围;进行尺度空间极值点探测时通过实验获取了适应于无人机影像的最优高斯核尺寸,克服了传统SIFT算法采用固定核尺寸方法的缺陷,既减少了时间消耗,又尽可能多地获得了特征点,最后应用LM方法求得精确变换矩阵,完成了影像镶嵌.实验结果表明,该算法对无人机影像拼接具有较好的适应性,在保证算法鲁棒性的同时,提高了精度和效率.     

Numerical experiments for Typhoon Dan incorporating AMSU-A retrieved data with 3DVM

Two sets of assimilation experiments on a landfalling typhoon—Typhoon Dan(1999)over the western North Pacific were designed to compare the performances of two kinds of variational data assimilation schemes that are the 3-Dimensional Variational data assimilation of Mapped observation(3DVM)and the 4-dimensional variational data assimilation(4DVar).Results show that:(1)both the 3DVM and 4DVar successfully improved the simulations of typhoon intensity and track incorporating the satellite AMSU-A retrieved temperature and wind data into the initial conditions,and the 3DVM more significantly due to the flow-dependent of background error covariance matrix and observation error covariance matrix like 3-dimensional variational data assimilation(3DVar)circle;(2)inclusions of extra model integration iterations at each observation time in the 3DVM make it more consistent with prediction model;(3)the 3DVM is much more time-saving due to the exclusion of the adjoint technique in it.     

GPRS自动雨量站状态监控和数据应用系统

焦作市气象局开发的GPRS自动雨量站状态监控和数据应用系统包括两个层面：一是基于C／S结构的数据下载辅助程序,实现读取远程数据库雨量资料存入本地数据库;二是基于Web平台的数据处理应用主程序,实现对辖区乡镇自动雨量站运行状态监控、暴雨雨量告警、区域雨量图显示、雨量等值线分析、RSS数据推送等功能。系统构建了较完善的市、县乡镇自动雨量站管理、共享、服务平台,且在一年的业务使用中运行良好。系统的不足之处是短信发送范围较小,且因Web应用程序引入外部程序配置文件过多,导致管理不便。     

一个动态植被模型在欧洲森林碳水循环模拟中的适应性评估研究

对动态全球植被模型M-SDGVM (Modified Sheffield Dynamic Global Vegetation Model), 在1996～1998年15个欧洲森林通量站碳通量和水汽通量的季节和年际变化进行模拟和评估研究, 总的来说, 模型能够合理再现各个站点春、 夏季节碳的吸收, 秋、 冬季节碳的释放, 以及水汽释放的季节变化趋势, 其中, 对水汽通量的模拟更为理想。对模型的上述适应性评估研究表明, 改进后的M-SDGVM有能力研究不同气候条件下欧洲森林生态系统碳、 水循环过程及其响应机制, 但是, 模型对部分站点的模拟仍存在不确定性, 通过对这些偏差及其可能的产生机理进行分析, 有助于模型的进一步发展和应用研究。     

测量不确定度的验证方法

本文介绍了测量不确定度的验证方法,并举例说明.     

山东半岛冷流降雪过程的统计分析

对威海地区2001-2006年1、2、11、12月所有冷流过程的温压湿等气象要素进行分析,结果表明:地面偏西北风有利于冷流过程的发生;冷流降水量与海气温差有着较强的正对应关系,而与大气相对湿度没有明显的对应关系.相关系数进一步表明了850 hPa温度与海温之差直接决定了地面冷流降水量的大小.从探空指教和垂直湿位涡分布可以看出.,管大气近于弱的对流稳定,但仍不影响对称不稳定的产生.     

海洋飞沫对热带气旋影响的数值试验

将最新版的Andreas海洋飞沫通量参数化方案与中尺度大气模式MM5V3耦合,对0514号热带气旋Nabi进行数值模拟,探讨海洋飞沫蒸发对热带气旋发展和演变的影响.模拟结果表明,考虑海洋飞沫的作用后,热带气旋范围内(气旋中心附近600 km左右范围内)的潜热和感热通量明显增强,尤其是潜热通量,最大值可提高35%～80%,潜热通量的大值区对应热带气旋眼墙处的最大风速区.无论是否考虑海洋飞沫作用,模式均能较好地模拟出热带气旋Nabi的移动路径,但考虑飞沫作用后,由于飞沫对海气界面通量交换的贡献,使得模拟热带气旋中心的最低海平面气压降低,最大风速增强,暖心结构更加明显.     

重庆极端高温的变化特征及其对区域性增暖的响应

利用重庆1961-2006年31个站逐日最高温度资料,统计出年极端高温发生频次、年极端高温强度、年极端最高温度,分析了它们近46年来的变化情况.结果表明:近46年来重庆年极端高温发生频次呈西减东增的趋势,但增加/减少趋势并不显著.年极端高温的强度和年极端最高气温均在不断增强.年极端高温发生频次的增加对于重庆区域增暖的响应最显著,而年极端最高温度的升高比年极端高温频次的增加对重庆区域性增暖的响应偏弱,但又比年极端高温强度的增强对重庆区域性增暖的响应程度要偏强.     

存储过程在天气预警短信监控系统中的应用

为保障天气预警短信接收覆盖面,对预警短信用户短信状态报告的接收情况进行监控,应用存储过程方法设计了状态报告查询模块,实现了预警短信监控系统中短信状态报告的查询、解析功能。利用存储过程设计的查询模块可有效地降低网络负载,平均查询速度提高30%,并能够调取不同的数据结果为后续预警短信操作提供依据。