甘肃中川地区雷暴地闪特征的初步分析

本文分析了1987年6月28日甘肃中川地区一次雷暴过程中地面4个测站的电场资料,并定量估算了4个地闪的8个回击所中和的电荷量及其高度。负地闪回击所中和的电荷离地高度为4km左右(对应的环境温度为-11.2℃),而正地闪回击所中和的电荷离地高度为2km左右(环境温度+4.9℃)。负地闪大多发生在云闪后的电场恢复阶段,且在开始时往往具有持续几百毫秒的云内放电过程。其激发过程可能是首先在云底部正电荷区产生向上传输的持续正流光,导致云中部负电荷向下移动,并引发向下传输的负先导,最终导致地闪回击的发生。     

Consequences of change and variability in sea ice on marine ecosystem and biogeochemical processes during the 2007–2008 Canadian International Polar Year program

Change and variability in the timing and magnitude of sea ice geophysical and thermodynamic state have consequences on many aspects of the arctic marine system. The changes in both the geophysical and thermodynamic state, and in particular the timing of the development of these states, have consequences throughout the marine system. In this paper we review the ??consequences?? of change in sea ice state on primary productivity, marine mammal habitats, and sea ice as a medium for storage and transport of contaminants and carbon exchange across the ocean-sea-ice-atmosphere interface based upon results from the International Polar Year. Pertinent results include: 1) conditions along ice edges can bring deep nutrient-rich ??pacific?? waters into nutrient-poor surface waters along the arctic coast, affecting local food webs; 2) both sea ice thermodynamic and dynamic processes ultimately affect ringed seal/polar bear habitats by controlling the timing, location and amount of surface deformation required for ringed seal and polar bear preferred habitat 3) the ice edges bordering open waters of flaw leads are areas of high biological production and are observed to be important beluga habitat. 4) exchange of climate-active gases, including CO₂, is extremely active in sea ice environments, and the overall question of whether the Arctic Ocean is (or will be) a source or sink for CO₂ will be dependent on the balance of competing climate-change feedbacks.     

基于极坐标投影的多谱勒雷达数据栅格化技术

通过研究球面距离算法、极坐标投影原理及新一代多谱勒天气雷达产品的数据存储格式,实现精度较高的雷达数据栅格化,为雷达回波追踪、降水算法优化、短时临近预报等相关的应用与研究提供经过仰角订正、球面距离订正后的更准确更通用的产品数据.     

梅雨锋次天气尺度涡旋旋转风和辐散风动能收支

本文选取１９９１年７月５日２０：００－６日２０：００梅雨锋上移动性次天气尺度涡旋引起的长江中下游特大暴雨为实例。采用准拉格朗日球坐标系的旋转风和辐散风动能方程，计算得到次天气尺度涡旋发展和成熟两个阶段对流层各层旋转风动能和辐散风动能的收支特征为：在对流层高层（１００－４００ｈＰａ）两个阶段的旋转风动能源汇相同，辐散风动能源汇有异，即水平动能通量项和“摩擦”项符号相反；在中层（４００－７００ｈＰａ）     

自适应网格技术在数值模式中的应用研究 I.一维问题

利用变分原理的自适应网格技术被应用到三个有解析解的问题上,它能根据问题 的求解、在解的大梯度区自动加密网格,从而非常成功地算出了激波。通过分析发现自适应 网格技术在提高精度、减少运行时间方面显示了优良的性能。     

新一代天气雷达对一次暴洪的监测

利用三门峡雷达结合乡镇雨量资料,分析了卢氏暴洪雷达回波生成、发展和演变,得出了天气雷达监测预警暴洪的参考结论:基本反射率因子上表现为混合降水回波,强回波多次经过某一地方时,因"列车效应"可造成该地过程降水量的显著增大;平均径向速度图上有暖平流S弯曲、南风急流和风速辐合、逆风区;风廓线上偏南风层次伸至12km以上和低空急流长时间稳定维持表明本过程湿层厚、中低层有充足水汽输送,根据风廓线风随高度的变化可以预测降水过程的开始、加强、维持和减弱阶段.     

Interdecadal change in the connection between Hadley circulation and winter temperature in East Asia

Based on NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the interdecadal variability of Hadley circulation （HC） and its association with East Asian temperature in winter are investigated. Results indicate that the Northern Hemisphere winter HC underwent apparent change in the 1970s, with transition occurring around 1976/77. Along with interdecadal variability of HC, its linkage to surface air temperature （SAT） in East Asia also varied decadally, from weak relations to strong relations. Such a change may be related to the interaction between HC and the atmospheric circulation system over the Philippines, which is associated with the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM）. Before the 1970s, the connection between HC and the anticyclonic circulation around the Philippines was insignificant, but after the late 1970s their linkage entered a strong regime. The intensification of this connection may therefore be responsible for the strong relations between HC and East Asian winter temperatures after the late 1970s.     

本世纪昆明气温异常及突变的分析

根据昆明１９２１～１９９３年的年，夏季（６～８月），冬季（１２～２月）平均气温资料，分析研究了昆明的气温变化趋势，冷暖阶段，气温异常发生频率及气温突变点，结果表明：从本世纪２０年代开始，昆明气温呈上升趋势，至４０年代前后达最高，此后下降，７０年代降至最低，８０年代开始略有回升，１９２１～１９５４年为偏暖阶段，１９５５～１９９３年偏冷阶段，昆明高温异常主要出现在１９５０年以前，低温异常大多数出现在１     

切变流中的CISK机制与惯性重力波

利用板对称，有切变的大气动力学方程组，由行波法导出非线性微分方程，通过非线性稳定性理论讨论方程的稳定性，求解了ＫＤＶ方程，并讨论了线性ＣＩＳＫ，非线性ＣＩＳＫ，惯性稳定度参数和大气风速垂切变对惯性重力孤波强度和宽度的影响，目的早通过了解影响惯性重力孤波发展的因子，更深入地理解低纬中尺度天气系统形成和发展的过程。