应力量值研究综述

地壳应力场在板块运动模拟、青藏高原隆升、地震孕育和发生等地球动力学研究中具有重要地位.而目前大多数地壳应力方面的研究侧重于方向的确定,对应力量值研究甚少.我们总结了地质、地球物理等方法确定应力量值的思路,在此基础上提出了根据大地震前后应力方向变化和地震破裂应力降张量估计地震震源附近应力量值.并辅以地震前后平均视应力方法等其他方法共同对应力量值进行进一步约束的思路.大地震前后的应力方向变化根据大量前震和余震的震源机制给出.地震破裂造成的应力降场可根据地震破裂详细分布计算,则已知大小和方向的地震应力降场与方向已知、大小未知的地震前后应力张量之间可以构建数学关系,从而得到应力量值.根据地震前震和余震的宽频带辐射能量和地震矩张量目录得到大地震前后的平均视应力,两者之差对应于地震应力降,根据这种关系得到震前应力量值的另一个估计.两种方法相结合,给出应力量值及误差估计,为地球动力学研究提供新的约束.     

青海喇家遗址古地震喷砂磁化率异常现象与机制的初步研究

国际地球科学计划(IGCP567,2008)指出"地震考古"的目的是:通过考古学中发现的遗迹,分析历史上的地震信息,这就首先需要在考古遗址中找出可靠的标准来识别古地震.目前,国外学者虽然对磁化率的微观研究比较深入,国内学者在实际应用领域亦取得成果.     

青岛崂山ML 4．1地震序列应力降变化研究

根据Andrews谱积分方法,采用近震源Brune圆盘模型,研究了2003年6月3日青岛崂山ML4.1地震序列破裂过程中应力降变化情况.结果表明,崂山序列主震静应力降为24 MPa,动态应力降大约为静态应力降的2.2倍;崂山序列余震应力降普遍低于5 MPa,约有80%的余震应力降小于1 MPa,显示出与主震断层面有关的余震低应力降现象,这说明主震的破裂与余震破裂过程之间存在明显的差别.这种现象与崂山序列的弱强度衰减一致,表明此次序列的余震属于低能量破裂过程.计算结果显示:①由Andrews谱积分方法得到的小震应力降与震级大小存在一定的相关性;②小应力降事件的静态应力降和动态应力降的比值普遍小于1,未发现明显的应力降之比与Brune应力降之间的关系.     

U-Pb dating of zircon from the Central Zone of the East Kunlun Orogen and its implications for tectonic evolution

LA-ICP-MS and SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from orthogneisses and amphibolite from the Central Zone of the Kunlun Orogen is reported in this paper. One orthogneiss sample has metamorphic zircons yielding weighted average 206Pb/238U age of 517.0 5.0/-6.0 Ma, and the other orthogneiss sample con- tains zircons with inherited magmatic cores giving three population 207Pb/206Pb ages of 955 Ma, 895 Ma and 657 Ma for the magmatic protolith, and metamorphic recrystallized rims with peak 206Pb/238U ages of 559 12/?17 Ma and 516 ± 13 Ma. The amphibolite yielded three populations of weighted average 206Pb/238U age of 482.0 10/?8.0 Ma, 516.2 ± 5.8 Ma and 549 ± 10 Ma for the metamorphic zircons. These dating results recorded the tectonothermal events that occurred in the early Paleozoic and the Pre- cambrian time. The records of the Cambrian magmatic-metamorphic event in the Qinling Orogen, the Altyn Tagh belt, north margin of the Qaidam Block and the Kunlun Orogen suggest that continental assembly probably occurred in the early evolutionary history of the Proto-Tethys.     

山东蓝宝石的宝石矿物学特征

对山东蓝宝石进行了系统的宝石矿物学研究,描述了山东蓝宝石的形态,大小,结构及包裹体特征,运用电子探针,粉晶Ｘ射线分析,顺磁共振光谱及化学全分析等测试手段,揭示了山东蓝宝石的成分,结构和物性之间的相互关系。     

ESR Dating of the Evolution of the Shuanghu Basin in the Northern Tibetan Plateau

The Shuanghu basin is a NE-trending rift basin bounded by NE-striking normal faults and NW-striking shear-extensional faults of the northern Tibetan Plateau. Four samples from calcite veins in marginal faults and one sample from mudstone (S-3) were collected for dating the evolution of the Shuanghu basin by using the ESR spectrograph of EXM-type. Ages were calculated according to the close-equilibrium model on the basis of the measured ESR signal spectra of samples, providing good chronological information. It is known from the ESR dating that the extensional faulting and rifting of the Shuanghu area began at 4.92 Ma B.P., followed by regional folding in 3.56-1.36 Ma, NW-striking faulting in 0.60 Ma and normal faulting in 0.024 Ma in the Shuanghu basin.     

无机与有机混合成因的天然气藏

东营凹陷西南部花沟地区发现的二氧化碳气藏,多数专家认为是幔源气,本文通过该区高青断裂下降盘的一个二氧化碳藏与其上倾方向上的一生物甲烷气藏的对比研究,认为它们都是无机与有机混合成因的气藏,二氧化碳质量分数较高的气藏幔源气为主,混有少量有机成因气;生物甲烷气藏以有机成因气为主,混有少量无机气,根据碳同位素组成和稀有气体同位素组成分析,认为研究区不存在纯的幔源气,文中还对这些气藏的形成进行了分析。     

长白山地区近代火山岩的ESR测年研究

在对火山灾害和潜在危险性评价中火山活动的时代起着极其重要的作用,但是,目前还没有成熟的测年方法能够对年轻火山岩直接定年。本文采用电子自旋共振（ESR）测年方法对年轻火山岩直接测年进行了尝试。所测年轻火山岩石英矿物中没有E信号,有较弱的Ge中心信号,根据Ge中心信号获得了长白山三期近代火山岩的年龄,其中,气象站碱性流纹岩的ESR年龄约3930 a BP,而气象站碱性流纹岩之下粗面岩的ESR年龄约为17500～20900 a BP。     

华北地区的季节变化特征与季风

通过对以北京地区为代表的近15年的地面资料进行分析,研究了华北地区季节过渡的突变特征,并根据它们的综合演变提出了华北地区冬、夏半年的划分方法。同时,对它们的年际变化进行了讨论,并分析了华北地区由冬季向夏季转换的早晚与对流层中上层行星尺度天气系统的季节性转换进程之间的联系。     

Enrichment mechanism of phosphorite deposits and significant breakthrough in “Triunity Model”for ore prospecting in the Sinian Doushantuo Formation of eastern Kaiyang region,Guizhou Province

Package exploration area in the eastern Kaiyang region is located at the southeastern margin of the Yangtze block,which is the concentrated distribution area of high-grade phosphorite deposits in China. The comprehensive studies of sedimentology,petrology,stratigraphy and palaeogeography in Doushantuo phosphorite ore-bed of the Kaiyang region show that the phosphorite deposits were controlled by the open shallow coastal sedimentary environment formed by denudation and deplanation of the Central Guizhou Oldland. Phosphorite lithofacies associations,mineralogical features and sedimentary structures indicate that the phosphorites had experienced “three stages of mineralization process”in the Kaiyang region: The first pristine bio-chemical phosphogenesis stage,the second winnowing and reworking stage and the last exposure and leaching stage. The winnowing and reworking processes are the key mechanism to the formation of the thick and high-grade phosphorite. According to the “Triunity Model”metallogenic theory,the research team confirmed the bedded distribution along the open phosphatic shore in the north of the Qianzhong Oldland,constructed the metallogenic model and ore prospecting model,and determined that the shoreface is the major target area of high-grade phosphorite ore. The research team have achieved the innovation of phosphorite metallogenic theory and broke through the bottleneck of phosphorite deposits exploration by cooperating of industry-university-research,and the metallogenic range was expand from 250^km² to 1000^km² and quantity of predicted resources increased from 94.42^megatons to 1.3 giga-tons. The prospection verification in the part of areas estimated the ore resources of phosphorite deposits(Inferred and predicted resources) of 548.92 megatons,especially the newly added high-grade phosphorites 357 megatons,achieving significant breakthrough of ore prediction of high-grade phosphorites in China.