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911.
Leakage of highly saline and alkaline radioactive waste from storage tanks into underlying sediments is a serious environmental problem at the Hanford Site in Washington State. This study focuses on geochemical evolution of tank waste plumes resulting from interactions between the waste solution and sediment. A synthetic tank waste solution was infused into unsaturated Hanford sediment columns (0.2, 0.6, and 2 m) maintained at 70°C to simulate the field contamination process. Spatially and temporally resolved geochemical profiles of the waste plume were obtained. Thorough OH− neutralization (from an initial pH 14 down to 6.3) was observed. Three broad zones of pore solutions were identified to categorize the dominant geochemical reactions: the silicate dissolution zone (pH > 10), pH-neutralized zone (pH 10 to 6.5), and displaced native sediment pore water (pH 6.5 to 8). Elevated concentrations of Si, Fe, and K in plume fluids and their depleted concentrations in plume sediments reflected dissolution of primary minerals within the silicate dissolution zone. The very high Na concentrations in the waste solution resulted in rapid and complete cation exchange, reflected in high concentrations of Ca and Mg at the plume front. The plume-sediment profiles also showed deposition of hydrated solids and carbonates. Fair correspondence was obtained between these results and analyses of field borehole samples from a waste plume at the Hanford Site. Results of this study provide a well-defined framework for understanding waste plumes in the more complex field setting and for understanding geochemical factors controlling transport of contaminant species carried in waste solutions that leaked from single-shell storage tanks in the past. 相似文献
912.
开滦煤矿岩溶陷落柱的发育特征及规律研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根 据 煤 矿 井下 生 产 揭 露陷 落 柱 的 实践 经 验 ,对 矿 区 内 岩 溶 陷 落 柱 的 发 育 特 征 、形 成 条 件 和 发 育 规 律 ,充 水 类型 和透 水 性,陷落 柱出 现 的前 预兆 等 几方 面谈 了 自己 的认 识 。 相似文献
913.
The silicon isotope abundance ratios and atomic weights of NBS-28 and several other silicon isotope reference materials were determined in this study. For the calibration of the measurement procedure, two new synthetic isotope mixtures were prepared gravimetrically from highly enriched silicon isotope materials in the form of SiO2. All materials were converted into SiF4 gas and subsequently their silicon isotope ratios were measured on the SiF3+ species by using a gas source mass spectrometer MAT-253. The calibrated isotope abundance ratios of NBS-28 are 0.0507446 (26) for 29Si/28Si and 0.0341465 (15) for 30Si/28Si. The corresponding isotopic abundances are 92.17515(28)% for f(28Si), 4.67739(24)% for f(29Si) and 3.14746(14)% for f(30Si). The silicon molar mass of NBS-28 is determined to be 28.08653(11), which is 0.001 larger than previously reported values. In the meanwhile, the 29Si/28Si and 30Si/28Si isotope abundance ratios and atomic weights of SRM-990, IRMM-017, IRMM-018, GBW-04421 and GBW-04422 are also calibrated. These new calibrated data can improve the reliability and comparability of silicon isotope results using above calibrators. 相似文献
914.
The spatial damage distribution of August 16, 2003, Inner Mongolia, China, M
S=5.9 earthquake is summarized through field investigation. The moment tensor solution and focal mechanism are inverted using
the digital long-period waveform records of China Digital Seismograph Network (CDSN). The relation between the spatial damage
distribution and focal mechanism is analyzed according to the focal mechanism, the aftershock distribution and the spatial
damage distribution. The possible relation between the characteristics of ground motion and the tectonic background of the
source region is discussed in terms of the global ground motion records, historical earthquake documents and the damage distribution.
Investigation reveals that the meizoseismal region is in east-west direction, which is consistent with the nodal plane of
focal mechanism inversion. The meizoseismal area is relatively large and the damage of single-story adobe houses or masonry
houses is more severe. This may have relations with local seismotectonic environment.
Foundation item: The Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project (2002CB412706).
Contribution No. 05FE3009, Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration. 相似文献
915.
武汉新一代天气雷达CINRAD/SA的环境技术要素分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
介绍了武汉CINRAD/SA雷达系统建设中确定雷达塔高与频点的技术分析过程,明确提出了雷达站四周的净空保护要求;重点计算和分析了CINRAD/SA雷达在3种实际运行模式(vCPll、VCP21、VCP31)下电磁辐射功率密度的空间分布,并按照国家“电磁辐射防护规定”和“电磁辐射环境影响评价方法和标准’’的要求,估算了武汉CINRAD/SA雷达电磁辐射的最小防护距离。 相似文献
916.
917.
918.
基于GIS的洪水灾害评估智能决策支持系统设计 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
针对洪水灾害评估的特点,将地理信息系统(GIS)技术与智能决策支持系统结合起来,设计了用于洪水灾害评估的智能决策支持系统,阐述了其设计原理,讨论和分析于基于GIS的洪水灾害评估智能决策支持系统的组成模式,给出了其总体设计框架。 相似文献
919.
Experimental study of silicon isotope dynamic fractionation and its application in geology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Silicon shows no variation in its chemical valence in nature and exists mainly in the form of silicon-oxygen tetrahedra, so
very small silicon isotope thermodynamic fractionation occurs and the resultant silicon isotope variation is limited. Dynamic
fractionation of Si isotopes during precipitation of SiO2 from a solution is a main factor leading to substantial variations in silicon isotopes in nature. In this experimental study,
we determined the dynamic fractionation factorα for silicon isotopes during precipitation of SiO2 from the solution. And in combination of α, a theoretical explanation is presented of the considerably low δ30Si values of black smokers on modern seafloor, Archean banded magnetite-quartzite and clay minerals of weathering origin,
and of clearly high δ30Si values of siliceous rocks in shallow-sea carbonate platforms.
This paper won the Paper of Excellence in the Second National Young Scientist Symposium on Geochemistry of Minerals and Rocks. 相似文献
920.
放射性同位素^32Si及其研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
放射性同位素^32Si的半衰期介于常用的环境同位素^3H和^14C之间,能测定50 ̄1000a之间水的年龄,是一个其它同位素所不能替代的测年工具,本文介绍了^32Si的起源、在水圈各部分的分布规律,影响因素、测试方法及其在海洋学、冰川学和水文地质学方面的应用研究。 相似文献