Farmers＇ vulnerability to flood risk： A case study in the Poyang Lake Region

This paper quantitatively explores farmers＇ vulnerability to flood in the Poyang Lake Region （PLR） with the supports of GIS spatial functions. The analysis consists of three major steps, which is based on the spatial unit of township. Firstly, the spatial extent and characteristics of flood risk areas were determined using a digital elevation model （DEM） derived from the 1：50,000 topographic map. Secondly, for each of the township, six indices indicating the economic activities of local farmers were calculated. These indices are： rural population proportion, cultivated land proportion, GDP per unit area, employment proportion of primary industry, net rural income per capita and agricultural income proportion. These six indices were then normalized and used for later vulnerability assessment. Thirdly, the normalized indices （as GIS data layers） were overlaid with the flood risk areas to produce the risk coefficient for each township and to calculate the overall vulnerability for each township. The analysis results show that in the PLR there are high flood risk areas where the farmers＇ livings are seriously influenced or threatened. About 55.56% of the total 180 townships in the flood risk areas have a high degree of flood vulnerability. The townships under flood risk are mainly distributed in the areas around the Poyang Lake and the areas along the ＂five rivers＂.     

广州城市旅游竞争力研究及其发展战略

随着经济的发展和产业升级的不断推进,旅游业作为第三产业的重要组成部分受到高度重视,国际旅游市场竞争也日益激烈。基于国际旅游竞争力理论,选取18项旅游竞争力评价指标,采用主成分分析法对我国15个大城市进行了旅游竞争力计算与排序,并将广州与各主要城市进行对比分析。结果表明,在城市旅游综合竞争力方面,广州仅次于北京、上海位于第3位,广州在旅游市场、设施、企业等方面有竞争优势,但在旅游文化、城市环境质量、旅游意识等方面存在明湿差距。据此从营销导向、产品升级、品牌带动、持续发展和区域联动等5个方面对广州旅游发展战略选择进行了详细探讨。     

贵州气候变化的科学事实

介绍了中国气候变化及贵州气候变化的主要特征,提出了贵州气候变化的科学事实及贵州应对气候变化需要关注的5个问题.     

基于多因子非线性叠套模型的雷电潜势预报

利用统计学原理和数学分析理论,建立以雷电为预报对象的多因子非线性叠套模型,试图从理论和实践两方面,避免统计学的线性假设和模式输出值物理意义不明确的统计预报问题。特别是针对雷电这种小概率事件的预报问题,通过统计分析建模,并对24 h雷电潜势预报结果检验,该模型预报效果较好,能够业务使用。     

黑龙江省2005年7月20日短时暴雨雷达回波分析

对黑龙江省2005年7月20日的一次短时暴雨天气过程的卫星云图和新一代雷达资料进行分析,得出此次过程中回波特征及其发生、发展的演变规律,总结出对灾害性天气临近预报的一些有指示意义的信息。     

三江源地区气候变化及其对生态环境的影响

利用EOF等方法通过计算 1 96 2～ 2 0 0 1年 4 0年来三江源地区 1 6个气象台站气温、降水、蒸发资料 ,分析了三江源地区近 4 0年来气候变化的异常特征及其对生态环境的影响 ,结果表明 :三江源地区气候变化表现为气温升高、降水减少和蒸发增大的干旱化气候变化趋势 ,同时 ,在气候干旱化和人为活动的影响下出现了草场退化、湖泊萎缩、河流流量减少、土壤沙化和水土流失等生态环境荒漠化问题。     

青藏高原春季地表感热异常对西北地区东部降水变化的影响

利用青藏高原地区代表站点的实测地表热通量数据、JRA-55和NCEP再分析资料以及中国西北地区东部代表站点的降水资料等数据,通过波文比分析、奇异值分析(下称SVD)以及环流场的合成分析等方法,研究了青藏高原地区春季地表加热场异常与同期中国西北地区东部降水变率的关系,结果表明:(1)高原春季波文比值的变化反映出高原地表的非绝热加热中,春季感热加热的贡献较为显著,是高原春季地表加热的主要成分;(2)SVD分析表明,春季高原地表感热的异常与同期中国西北地区东部的降水存在负相关关系,春季高原地表感热增强的年份,中国西北地区东部的春季降水减少;(3)春季地表感热强-弱年的高原周边垂直环流偏差场表明,春季高原地表感热的年际异常增强(减弱)会引起高原周边地区的垂直环流场上升气流的减弱(增强);(4)相对涡度场、位势高度场、风场和水汽通量散度场的合成分析表明,春季高原地表感热偏强的年份,中国西北地区东部对流层高层以正涡度和气流的辐合运动异常为主,中低层以负涡度和辐散下沉运动异常为主,因此中国西北地区东部春季的水汽辐合由低层向高层逐渐减弱,不利于春季降水的发生。     

A Comparison of De-noising Methods for Differential Phase Shift and Associated Rainfall Estimation

Measured differential phase shift ΦDP is known to be a noisy unstable polarimetric radar variable, such that the quality of ΦDP data has direct impact on specific differential phase shift KDP estimation, and subsequently, the KDP-based rainfall estimation. Over the past decades, many ΦDP de-noising methods have been developed; however, the de-noising effects in these methods and their impact on KDP-based rainfall estimation lack comprehensive comparative analysis. In this study, simulated noisy ΦDP data were generated and de-noised by using several methods such as finite-impulse response(FIR), Kalman, wavelet,traditional mean, and median filters. The biases were compared between KDP from simulated and observedΦDP radial profiles after de-noising by these methods. The results suggest that the complicated FIR, Kalman,and wavelet methods have a better de-noising effect than the traditional methods. After ΦDP was de-noised,the accuracy of the KDP-based rainfall estimation increased significantly based on the analysis of three actual rainfall events. The improvement in estimation was more obvious when KDP was estimated with ΦDP de-noised by Kalman, FIR, and wavelet methods when the average rainfall was heavier than 5 mm h-1.However, the improved estimation was not significant when the precipitation intensity further increased to a rainfall rate beyond 10 mm h-1. The performance of wavelet analysis was found to be the most stable of these filters.     

A DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF AIR TEMPERATURE ANOMALY MODE OVER CHINA IN 2009/2010 WINTER BASED ON GENERALIZED EQUILIBRIUM FEEDBACK ASSESSMENT (GEFA) METHOD

By using the observed monthly mean data over 160 stations of China and NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data, the generalized equilibrium feedback assessment(GEFA) method, combined with the methods of EOF analysis, correlation and composite analysis, is used to explore the influence of different SST modes on a wintertime air temperature pattern in which it is cold in the northeast and warm in the southwest in China. The results show that the 2009/2010 winter air temperature oscillation mode between the northern and southern part of China is closely related to the corresponding sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTA) and its associated atmospheric circulation anomalies. Exhibiting warming in Northeast China and cooling in Southwest China, the mode is significantly forced by the El Nio mode and the North Atlantic SSTA mode, which have three poles. Under the influence of SSTA modes, the surface northerly flow transported cold air to North and Northeast China, resulting in low temperatures in the regions. Meanwhile, the mid-latitude westerlies intensify and the polar cold air stays in high latitudes and cannot affect the Southwest China, resulting in the warming there.     

湖南两次流域性致洪暴雨异同点分析

利用常规气象资料、水情资料及灾情资料,对发生地点、季节及影响系统相似的2010年7月8-14日和2012年7月11-19日两次湖南省持续性大范围暴雨天气过程进行对比分析,结果表明：（1）两次暴雨过程均具有持续时间长、暴雨频繁且集中、累计雨量大、洪涝严重等特点;（2）东北冷涡加强、副高东退南落,冷、暖空气在湖南交汇,导致连续性暴雨发生;（3）“10.7”暴雨过程冷、暖气流势力相当,雨带呈东西向,稳定少动,致灾性强.而“12.7”暴雨过程冷空气势力较强,雨带呈移动性,虽然致灾范围广,但灾情较前者轻.