山东昌乐锆石的宝石学特征及化学成分研究

在实地考察和分析前人资料的基础上,简要地介绍了山东昌乐锆石的产出特征。通过常规的宝石学测试方法、X-射线荧光光谱分析和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（LA-ICP-MS）对该地区锆石的物理性质、内外部特征及化学成分进行了研究。结果表明,该地区锆石粒度较大,整体透明度较好,颜色呈深浅不一的褐色,以深褐色为主;主要由ZrO2和SiO2组成,微量元素主要有Fe,Ti,P,Sc,Ni等杂质元素,还有部分放射性元素和稀土元素;放射性元素主要为U和Th,Th/U比值均大于0.4（1个数据例外）;稀土元素以富钇族元素为特征,富集HREE,明显的Ce正异常（2～13）,微弱的Eu负异常（0.69～0.76）。另外,昌乐锆石放射性核素的放射性比活度非常低。综合特征表明,昌乐锆石是一种具有利用价值的宝石资源。     

鲁西寒武系凝块石特征及其形成机制的探讨

鲁西地区寒武纪地层分布广泛、出露连续,中寒武世张夏组和晚寒武世炒米店组均有凝块石产出。本文通过对该地区凝块石的野外观察和镜下鉴定,认为形成凝块石的微生物主要为附枝菌,其次是葛万菌、肾球菌和放射状菌,根据枝杈的直径大小、枝杈的细胞状分割结构及结晶程度等,附枝菌又可细分为:泥晶粗枝杈状、泥晶分段枝杈状、泥晶细枝杈状、微晶管状枝杈状和亮晶粗枝杈状。相应的群落也可划分为:泥晶树枝状、单个房室状、簇球状和亮晶树枝状。凝块石的凝块为附枝菌等蓝细菌钙化体和周围粘结的碳酸盐微粒所组成的团块,其按形态可分为:斑状、网状和树枝状。根据上述的研究,本文认为形成凝块石的理想过程可以分为4个阶段:蓝细菌的捕捉和粘结作用、蓝细菌自身钙化作用、碳酸盐的原地沉淀和沉积后作用。     

Geology and petrology of the lava complex of Young Shiveluch Volcano, Kamchatka

Detailed geological and petrological-geochemical study of rocks of the lava complex of Young Shiveluch volcano made it possible to evaluate the lava volumes, the relative sequence in which the volcanic edifice was formed, and the minimum age of the onset of eruptive activity. The lavas of Young Shiveluch are predominantly magnesian andesites and basaltic andesites of a mildly potassic calc-alkaline series (SiO₂ = 55.0–63.5 wt %, Mg# = 55.5–68.9). Geologic relations and data on the mineralogy and geochemistry of rocks composing the lava complex led us to conclude that the magnesian andesites of Young Shiveluch volcano are of hybrid genesis and are a mixture of silicic derivatives and a highly magnesian magma that was periodically replenished in the shallow-depth magmatic chamber. The fractional crystallization of plagioclase and hornblende at the incomplete segregation of plagioclase crystals from the fractionating magmas resulted in adakitic geochemical parameters (Sr/Y = 50–71, Y < 18 ppm) of the most evolved rock varieties. Our results explain the genesis of the rock series of Young Shiveluch volcano without invoking a model of the melting of the subducting Pacific slab at its edge.     

New data on mineralogy and metallogeny of scarns in the Pitkyaranta ore region

A wide application of modern precision research techniques to the studies of Pitkyaranta ores allowed us to find increased contents of indium (to 0.33%), silver (447 g/t), gold (0.2–0.4 g/t), and palladium (0.2 g/t). A series of rare minerals previously not found here was also discovered. Among ore minerals, these are roquesite, zavartskite, electrum, stutzite, altaite, bismite, glaucodot, cervelleite, hedleyite, pavonite, cannonite, plantnerite, lindkvistite, ashoverite, etc. The discovery of roquesite and electrum is the most important in terms of metallogeny. Roquesite (indium sulfide) is found in Karelia for the first time. The highest indium contents in direct correlation to those of zinc are characteristic for polymetallic ores of the Pitkyaranta ore fields with sphalerite as the concentrating mineral (to 0.5% of In). The predicted zinc resources are evaluated to ∼2.5 million t for the Pitkyaranta group of ore deposits, and to 400 000 t for the Hopunvaara region. Respectively, the resources of indium amount to ∼2400 t (total) and 600 t for the Hopunvaara region.     

用自组织人工神经网络分类,识别矿物

作者运用三维Ｔ．Ｋｏｈｏｎｅｎ自组织人工神经网络对我国沉积碳酸盐型锰矿中菱锰矿进行分类、识别。所选研究实例中，识别成功率达１００％．结果表明，该网络性能良好，可望成为矿物识别的有效手段。     

空间信息网格服务工作流模型及其应用

现有的空间信息网格应用系统缺乏对计算资源的有效组织及管理方法,无法满足复杂空间业务流程化建模及计算任务协同化处理的需求.从数据与功能相互分离的GIS软件架构角度出发,采用活动网络图的方法提出了一种以服务功能建模为基础的新型空间信息服务工作流模型,该模型通过服务功能的组装拆卸及动态聚合能够实现空间信息服务资源的灵活构建及动态迁移,较好地解决了网格环境下空间计算资源的统一组织与按需分配、计算任务的并行化处理等问题.在此基础上,建立了空间信息网格工作流集群的总体框架并讨论了系统的自动负载均衡及流程资源的动态调度机制.研究成果成功地应用于地质调查信息网格环境下的矿产资源储量测算系统,实现了网格环境下复杂空间应用的工作流处理模式,并有效地提高了业务系统的处理效率.     

内蒙古索伦山地区哈尔博格托尔TTG岩锆石年代学、岩石地球化学及大地构造意义

内蒙古索伦山地区是中亚造山带构造演化的关键区域,其中关于古亚洲洋的闭合时限以及西伯利亚板块和华北板块的拼贴时空关系一直存在争议。出露于内蒙古索伦山地区哈尔博格托尔的中酸性侵入岩,其深入研究对探讨古亚洲洋演化具有重要意义。文中对内蒙古索伦山地区哈尔博格托尔TTG岩进行了系统的岩石学、年代学及地球化学研究。获得哈尔博格托尔TTG岩的LA ICP MS锆石U Pb年龄为(266.7±3.7) Ma,表明该侵入岩形成于中二叠世。地球化学主量元素分析表明,索伦山地区哈尔博格托尔TTG岩的岩石系列主要为含钠较高的钙碱性准铝质系列。其稀土元素总量较低,呈现轻稀土元素(LREEs)相对于重稀土元素(HREEs)弱富集的特征,Eu异常不明显;微量元素呈现Rb、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素富集,Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素强烈亏损的特征,与典型的岛弧岩浆岩类似。结合索伦山TTG岩体地质特征和区域地质背景,综合年代学和地球化学特征分析,笔者认为索伦山地区哈尔博格托尔TTG岩体形成于岛弧环境,即中二叠世期间古亚洲洋壳向华北板块还存在俯冲作用,因而古亚洲洋至少应在中二叠世以后才闭合。内蒙古索伦山地区哈尔博格托尔TTG岩是洋壳俯冲的岩石学记录,为索伦山缝合带及古亚洲洋构造域演化提供了新的基础地质资料。     

Composition, sources, and mechanism of continental crust growth in the Lake zone of the Central Asian Caledonides: I. Geological and geochronological data

Data on the composition, inner structure, and age of volcanic and siliceous-terrigenous complexes and granitoids occurring in association with them in the Caledonian Lake zone in Central Asia are discussed in the context of major relations and trends in the growth of the Caledonian continental crust in the Central Asian Foldbelt (CAFB). The folded structures of the Lake zone host basalt, basalt-andesite, and andesite complexes of volcanic rocks that were formed in distinct geodynamic environments. The volcanic rocks of the basalt complex are noted for high concentrations of TiO₂ and alkalis, occur in association with fine-grained siliceous siltstone and siliceous-carbonate rocks, are thus close to oceanic-island complexes, and were likely formed in relation to a mantle hotspot activity far away from erosion regions supplying terrigenous material. The rocks of the basalt-andesite and andesite complexes have lower TiO₂ concentrations and moderate concentrations of alkalis and contain rock-forming amphibole. These rocks are accompanied by rudaceous terrigenous sediments, which suggests their origin in island-arc environments, including arcs with a significantly dissected topography. These complexes are accompanied by siliceous-terrigenous sedimentary sequences whose inner structure is close to those of sediments in accretionary wedges. The folded Caledonides of the Lake zone passed through the following evolutionary phases. The island arcs started to develop at 570 Ma, their evolution was associated with the emplacement of layered gabbroids and tonalitetrondhjemite massifs, and continued until the onset of accretion at 515–480 Ma. The accretion was accompanied by the emplacement of large massifs of the tonalite-granodiorite-plagiogranite series. The postaccretionary evolutionary phase at 470–440 Ma of the Caledonides was marked by intrusive subalkaline and alkaline magmatism. The Caledonides are characterized by within-plate magmatic activity throughout their whole evolutionary history, a fact explained by the accretion of Vendian-Cambrian oceanic structures (island arcs, oceanic islands, and back-arc basins) above a mantle hotspot. Indicators of within-plate magmatic activity are subalkaline high-Ti basalts, alkaline-ultrabasic complexes with carbonatites and massifs of subalkaline and alkaline gabbroids, nepheline syenites, alkaline granites, subalkaline granites, and granosyenites. The mantle hotspot likely continued to affect the character of the lithospheric magmatism even after the Caledonian folded terrane was formed.     

Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of Late Cretaceous to Paleogene Basalts in the Tuyon Basin, South Tianshan Mountains

1. Introduction The Tianshan Mountains is a typical intercontinental orogenic belt in the world. From late Carboniferous to Permian, the old Tianshan formed during the tectonic amalgamation of the Tarim block, Tianshan block and Siberia craton (Carroll et al, 1990). Mid-Cenozoic basalts are widely distributed in both the Tuyon basin of southwest Tianshan and its western part of Tianshan in Jierjisi in late Cretaceous-Paleogene period, which indicates the activation of the old Tianshan.…     

湘西沃溪钨锑金矿床成矿的独特性

沃溪钨锑金矿床位于NE向雪峰弧形构造带向北西凸出的转折部位东段,赋存于新元古界板溪群马底驿组紫红色板岩中,产在沃溪近EW向低角度拆离断层下盘沿层发育的层间剪切断裂系统,以层间石英脉型矿体为主,矿化作用在时间上和空间上具有一定的分带性和规律性.矿体沿倾向延深大于走向延长数倍至10余倍,并普遍存在侧伏延伸的规律.杂多酸络合物作为W,Sb,Au成矿组合的共同载体,使它们共同进入热液地球化学迁移,并生成钨锑金共生组合的金矿床,成为重要的成矿地球化学机制.