Three-dimensional analysis of ozone and PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> distributions obtained by observations of tethered balloon and unmanned aerial vehicle in Shanghai,China

A lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a tethered balloon platform were jointly used to investigate three-dimensional distributions of ozone and PM_2.5 concentrations within the lower troposphere (1000 m) at a localized coastal area in Shanghai, China. Eight tethered balloon soundings and three UAV flights were conducted on May 25, 2016. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to quantitatively describe the relationships between air pollutants and other obtained parameters. Field observations showed that large variations were captured both in the vertical and horizontal distributions of ozone and PM_2.5 concentrations. Significant stratified layers of ozone and PM_2.5 concentrations as well as wind directions were observed throughout the day. Estimated bulk Richardson numbers indicate that the vertical mixing of air masses within the lower troposphere were heavily suppressed throughout the day, leading to much higher concentrations of ozone and PM_2.5 in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The NO and NO₂ concentrations in the experimental field were much lower than that in the urban area of Shanghai and demonstrated totally different vertical distribution patterns from that of ozone and PM_2.5. This indicates that aged air masses of different sources were transported to the experimental field at different heights. Results derived from the GAMs showed that the aggregate impact of the selected variables for the vertical variations can explain 94.3% of the variance in ozone and 94.5% in PM_2.5. Air temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure had the strongest effects on the variations of ozone and PM_2.5. As for the horizontal variations, the GAMs can explain 56.3% of the variance in ozone and 57.6% in PM_2.5. The strongest effect on ozone was related to air temperature, while PM_2.5 was related to relative humidity. The output of GAMs also implied that fine aerosol particles were in the stage of growth in the experimental field, which is different from ozone (aged air parcels of ozone). Geographical parameters influenced the horizontal variations of ozone and PM_2.5 concentrations by changing underlying surface types. The differences of thermodynamic properties between land and sea resulted in quick changes of PBL height, air temperature and dew point over the coastal area, which was linked to the extent of vertical mixing at different locations. The results of GAMs can be used to analyze the sources and formation mechanisms of ozone and PM_2.5 pollutions at a localized area.     

宁镇中段铜山—石砀山地区综合物探找矿评价

铜山—石砀山铜钼矿位于江苏宁镇山脉中段龙潭—仓头背斜南翼,矿体主体受接触带构造控制。以往地质工作缺少深部研究,对物化探异常再解释工作不够,物探方法找矿专属性研究不细致,综合研究程度较浅。综合分析铜山—石砀山地区地质、物性资料,采用1∶2 000高精度磁法测量、可控源音频大地电磁测深剖面等物探技术,圈定地磁异常8个（C1—C8）,推断由2个磁性地质体、8个矽卡岩体引起。择优对C2异常进行了钻探验证。研究认为该区可控源音频大地电磁测深高低阻过渡带部位的磁异常具有重要的找矿意义,即该区中酸性岩体与碳酸盐岩接触带部位具有含铜钼磁铁矿形成的有利地质条件。对比分析研究区及周边找矿信息,认为铜山—石砀山地区找矿深部有潜力,外围有远景。     

兴文世界地质公园的旅游循环经济模式探讨

随着旅游经济的飞速发展,旅游环境问题日趋严重。本文将循环经济的新理念引入到兴文世界地质公园的旅游中,可构建旅游循环经济的新型发展模式。在兴文旅游循环经济中形成三大循环:旅游小循环——四大景区内部的旅游资源的循环利用;旅游中循环——旅游业与其他产业部门之间的循环,组织生态产业链联结不同的产业部门,形成共享资源和互换副产品的产业组合;旅游大循环——整个社会的循环,大力发展绿色消费市场和资源回收产业,完成"旅游资源——旅游产品——旅游再生资源"的闭合环路。这三种旅游循环模式的整合使整个兴文县经济、社会及环境相互协调,从而实现旅游资源的循环利用和旅游环境的可持续发展。     

Comparison of debris-flow volume and activity under different formation conditions

Debris flows frequently occurred in Wenchuan earthquake region from 2008 to 2010, resulting in great damage to localities and being a prolonged threat to reconstruction. Forty three events' data including debris-flow volume, sediment volume and watershed area are analyzed and compared with other debris-flow events in Eastern Italian Alps, burned areas in USA and in Taiwan. The analysis reveals that there is a strong empirical relationship between debris-flow volume and loose materials volume in the earthquake region. In addition, the relationship between debris-flow volume and watershed area in the earthquake region has a wider variation range than that in other three regions while the debris volume also appears to be larger than that in the other three regions, which implies the volume of debris flows with strong influence of earthquakes is larger than that with no such influence and it is hard to predict the post-quake volume only by the watershed area. The comparison of the maximal debris-flow erosion modulus in the Wenchuan region and in Taiwan indicates that debris flows will be very active in a short time after strong earthquake.     

几种网络体系结构中数据包的效率比较分析

介绍了一种新型网络体系结构SUNA，并将它的数据包与其它两种层次型网络体系结构中的数据包进行了组成和效率上的比较分析。说明了在这方面，SUNA的数据处理效率的优势。     

茶尖岭矿区M28—上汪家矿化带铜银多金属矿床成因分析

本文通过对茶尖岭矿区M28—上汪家矿化带铜银多金属矿产出的地质、矿化特征及伴随的热液蚀变、微量元素特征、卤族元素特征等的综合分析,认为M28—上汪家矿化带铜银多金属矿均属于与燕山期中酸性浅成岩浆岩有空间、成因联系的浅成热液矿床,从上汪家矿化区的热液脉型到M28异常分布区的矽卡岩型属于多位一体成矿。     

北极海冰变化特征分析

本文利用NASA的海冰密集度资料(时间为1978年10月～2002年9月,分辨率为1.0×0.25),计算并分析了1978～2002年的北极海冰面积、范围的时间变化趋势以及变化的空间分布。     

Born近似快速三维反演井地电法数据

本篇研究了井中电偶极激发地面接收的井地电法的快速反演成像问题.我们采用了Born近似方法和重加权正则化共轭梯度法(RRCG)算法.数值计算的结果表明Born近似是一种有效的井地电法三维快速反演方法,同时也说明井地电法监测油水前驱和储层边界预测的观测数据可以用该方法进行快速三维反演成像.     

水平荷载下导管架平台桩基础的非线性有限元分析

导管架平台桩基础的控制荷载主要为风荷载、波浪荷载、地震荷载等水平荷载,为研究水平荷载下导管架平台桩基础的承载特性,采用非线性有限元分析方法对水平荷载下桩-土之间的相互作用进行研究,提出了有效模拟桩基水平承载特性的有限元模型,分析了模型桩的刚度、直径、土质参数中水平土压力系数、剪胀角对桩基承载特性的影响及水平荷载下群桩承载特性,并将有限元计算结果与API规范及模型试验结果进行对比。研究结果表明,非线性有限元分析方法分析水平荷载下桩-土相互作用是可行的,计算结果可为导管架平台的桩基设计提供参考。