基于GML的空间数据拓扑表达

拓扑关系是GIS中重要的基础理论问题之一,GML为空间数据拓扑表达提供了一种全新的手段。介绍GML及GML3.X中定义的拓扑模型,并以点线面等的表达为例阐述基于GML的空间数据拓扑表达。     

海水中微量元素无机离子交换动力学研究——液膜递进模型理论 Ⅰ.天然海水条件下

最近十几年来,海水物理化学中关于海水的化学热力学研究已较广泛地开展,并已有一些重要的研究结果报导。但是,关于海水中化学动力学的研究,至今却基本上仍属空白。然而这正是海洋中许多化学过程(特别像海水化学资源开发、海洋污染和防治等实践性比较强的领域中)要解决的关键问题。本文是我们从事这一方面研究工作的第一篇报导,讨论的内容是海洋中最重要的过程之一——无机离子交换过程。     

逆境环境因素对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹致死效应分析

利用正交试验设计,研究了温度、盐度和酸碱度3种环境因素逆境下对三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)幼蟹的致死效应,以阐明三疣梭子蟹幼蟹对不同逆境环境的抵抗力大小。3种逆境环境因素的水平分别是:温度为10,15,30,35℃;盐度为10,15,35,40;酸碱度为6.0,6.5,9.0,9.5。结果表明,盐度变化对梭子蟹幼蟹的影响最大,其次为酸碱度,再次为温度。对于温度而言,低温下幼蟹的存活时间较长;对于盐度而言,高盐度逆境比低盐度逆境下的存活时间长;对于pH值而言,碱性环境下的存活时间比酸性环境下的存活时间长。     

文昌鱼精子发生的核孔复合体冷冻蚀刻电镜观察

1994-1996年每年3月、7月在厦门同安琼头海域采集雄性文昌鱼,采用冷冻蚀刻的常规技术,研究文昌鱼精子发生核孔复合体的变化规律。结果表明,在核孔复合体结构中很可能存在着作为运输物质的中央颗粒。各种生殖细胞中的核孔复合体的大小和密度不同,平均值约为:精原细胞（60±1.20）nm,（2.9±0.04）孔／μm2;初级精母细胞（76±1.80）nm,（4.8±0.05）孔／μm2;次级精母细胞（72±1.30）nm,（4.6±0.03）孔／μm2;精细胞（97±1.40）nm,（5.4±0.06）孔／μm2。这与细胞的生理功能有关。核孔复合体的分布具有明显的极性特点,主要集中在靠初级精母细胞的高尔基区一侧和靠精细胞的前项体一侧的核膜上,表明了细胞核局部的功能差异。     

Carbon and Noble Gas Isotopes in the Tengchong Volcanic Geothermal Area, Yunnan, Southwestern China

Carbon and noble gas isotope analyses are reported for bubbling gas samples from the Tengchong volcanic geothermal area near the Indo-Eurasian suture zone. All samples contain a resolvable component of mantle-derived 3He. Occurrence of mantle-derived 3He coincides with surface volcanism. However, 3He occurs over a larger geographic areathan do surface volcanics. δ13C values for CO2 and CH4 vary from -33.4‰ to 1.6 ‰ and from -52.8‰ to -2.8‰, respectively. He and C isotope systematics indicate that CO2 and CH4 in the CO2-rich gases originated predominantly from magmatic component mixed with crustal CO2 produced from carbonate. However, breakdown of organic matter and near-surface processes accounts for the CH4 and CO2 in N2-rich gases. 3He/4He ratio distribution pattern suggests that mantle-derived He and heat sources of high-temperature system in central Tengchong originate from a hidden magma reservoir at subsurface. CO2-rich gases with the highest 3He/4He ratio (5.2 Ra) may be representative of the     

西藏江达县颠达铅锌矿床地质特征及成因探讨

颠达铅锌矿床区域上北西、北西西向断裂、褶皱十分发育.铅锌矿体呈似层状、脉状沿断层接触带产于F₁断层上盘波里拉组（T₃b）中厚层状泥晶灰岩中.矿石类型简单,矿体的产出受地层、构造控制较为明显.根据矿床地质特征,结合区域地质构造演化,认为本矿床是该区较为典型的碳酸盐岩层控热液脉型铅锌矿床,并建立了成矿模式.     

中国九龙江河口营养盐基准值研究

One of the key concerns in estuarine and coastal environments is eutrophication, which is known to be closely connected to nutrient enrichment. To control and improve surface water quality, nutrient criteria are recommended in order to provide reference conditions for the environment. However, the current datasets of nutrient criteria in China are either designed for surface water or sea water, and as such these are not suitable for assessing estuarine water quality, especially given the unique ecosystem and dynamic properties of estuaries. To address this issue in current estuarine water management, nutrient criteria have been developed for a local estuary in the southeast of China. Segmentation of the Jiulong River Estuary, China was firstly analysed through field investigations carried out during 2013–2014, which resulted in the delineation of three segments characterized by their distinct properties in relation to salinity, hydrology, ecosystems, etc. Historical records from 1997 to 2014 were then analysed using statistical modelling to develop candidate nutrient criteria for the estuary.This stage of the analysis was undertaken in combination with the study of nutrient status records from the 1980s,which were used to establish a baseline reference condition. The recommended criteria values of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN) in Segments Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ of the Jiulong River Estuary are 64, 21 and 14 μmol/L,respectively, and the corresponding values for soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) are 0.89, 0.76 and 0.89 μmol/L,respectively. It should be emphasised that these values are site-dependent, and that different results may be achieved at other locations depending on the physical and biogeochemical characteristics of an estuary, or even a single site within a catchment. It is hoped that by demonstrating a possible methodological approach and methods of nutrient criteria derivation in the Jiulong River Estuary, the current study will offer researchers some fundamental basis from which to begin to develop more complete nutrient criteria indices for the study of nutrient conditions in other estuaries throughout China.     

多年冻土地区路基纵向裂缝形成机理研究

多年冻土地区路基纵向裂缝呈现裂缝数量多、规模大、久治不愈的特点.在野外调查纵向裂缝变形特点和多年冻土上限变化规律分析的基础上,发现导致多年冻土地区纵向裂缝产生的原因是路基边坡坡脚下存在不稳定的融化区域,并提出机理分析模型.通过弹塑性有限元分析,研究了路基中的位移、应变变化规律,提出了纵向裂缝形成过程的3个阶段:初始变形阶段、强度破坏阶段和变形失稳阶段;相应于这3个阶段,路基及地基中呈现了三个性状不同的区域:发育区、抑制区和诱发区.为纵向裂缝防治对策的提出提供了依据.     

全国干旱遥感监测运行系统的研制

该研究利用1981－1994的NOAA AVHRR 8km分辨率的NDVI资料，以及对应时段全国102个固定农业观测站的20cm深的土壤湿度资料，建立了植被状态指数（VCI）与土壤湿度之间的统计模型，由土壤湿度旱情等级标准来换算出每旬用VCI进行干旱监测的旱情等级标准，以确定出全国的旬旱情分布状况，在此工作的基础上建成了“全国干旱遥感则运行系统”，该运行系统使遥感手段监测全国干旱成为可能，将能提供每年3－9月每旬全国的干旱监测情况，为国家有关决策部门提供干旱减灾的决策依据。     

鲁豫交界地区尾波Q_c值分析研究

该文对濮阳台记录的21次地震进行了地震波衰减研究,讨论了地球介质品质因子随频率变化的关系;利用不同地震采用不同流逝时间的尾波品质因子测定方法,有效去除了由于不同地震或同一地震的地震散射波在纵向介质中穿透深度的不同而导致对品质因子测量结果的影响,从而有利于扑捉到品质因子的异常变化特征与地震孕育过程的关系。利用改进后的模型,对鲁豫交界地区尾波值进行了计算,得到了该地区品质因子随频率的变化关系和区域介质衰减的时间变化特征。