Establishment and application of an intelligent treating method for oil spill identification

In the identifying process of an oil spill accident, manual integral and artificial visual comparison are commonly used at present to determine the oil spill sources, these methods are time-consuming and easily affected by human factors. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of rapid identification of an oil spill accident. In this paper, an intelligent method of automatic recognition, integration and calculation of diagnostic ratio of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) spectrum are established. Firstly, four hundreds of samples collected around the world were analyzed using a standard method and Retention time locking technology (RTL) was applied to reduce the change of retention time of GC/MS spectrum. Secondly, the automatic identification, integration of n-alkanes, biomarker compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and calculation of the diagnostic ratios were realized by MATLAB software. Finally, a database of oil fingerprints were established and applied successfully in a spill oil accident. Based on the new method and database, we could acquire the diagnostic ratios of an oil sample and find out the suspected oil within a few minutes. This method and database can improve the efficiency in spilled oil identification.     

环渤海湾海洋资源环境承载力定量研究

环渤海湾地区经济发展迅速但开发利用过度,生态问题突出。本文以社会环境学理论、系统论、可持续发展理论等为基础,建立了环渤海湾海洋资源环境承载力评价指标体系,利用单项评价法,以地级市为基本单位对环渤海湾地区的海洋资源环境承载力进行评价。结果表明滨州市的海洋资源环境承载力较好,其次为唐山市和天津市,沧州市的海洋资源环境承载力较弱。     

花海拗陷的热演化和生烃期的磷灰石裂变径迹证据

利用裂变径迹分析方法测量了取自花海拗陷的钻井磷灰石样品的裂变径迹年龄和长度。结果表明,随井深增加年龄减小,平均径迹长度亦变短。取自白垩纪地层的磷灰石样品的裂变径迹年龄都比地层年龄年轻得多,表明沉积后曾长时间处于磷灰石裂变径迹退火带中,沉积前的径迹记录已部分消失,古地温高于今地温。利用蒙特卡罗随机取样的热史模拟方法对裂变径迹数据进行了分析,结果表明白垩纪地层沉积后曾经历过超过110 ℃的加热,达到最高古地温的地质时代是早白垩世晚期—晚白垩世末,为主要生烃期。新生代以来盆地变冷,生油岩的成熟度主要受古地温控制     

Soil Organic Carbon Contents and Stocks in Coastal Salt Marshes with Spartina alterniflora Following an Invasion Chronosequence in the Yellow River Delta,China

Plant invasion alters the fundamental structure and function of native ecosystems by affecting the biogeochemical pools and fluxes of materials and energy. Native(Suaeda salsa) and invasive(Spartina alterniflora) salt marshes were selected to study the effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion on soil organic carbon(SOC) contents and stocks in the Yellow River Delta. Results showed that the SOC contents(g/kg) and stocks(kg/m~2) were significantly increased(P 0.05) after Spartina alterniflora invasion of seven years, especially for the surface soil layer(0–20 cm). The SOC contents exhibited an even distribution along the soil profiles in native salt marshes, while the SOC contents were gradually decreased with depth after Spartina alterniflora invasion of seven years. The natural ln response ratios(Ln RR) were applied to identify the effects of short-term Spartina alterniflora invasion on the SOC stocks. We also found that Spartina alterniflora invasion might cause soil organic carbon losses in a short-term phase(2–4 years in this study) due to the negative Ln RR values, especially for 20–60 cm depth. And the SOCD in surface layer(0–20 cm) do not increase linearly with the invasive age. Spearman correlation analysis revealed that silt + clay content was exponentially related with SOC in surface layer(Adjusted R~2 = 0.43, P 0.001), suggesting that soil texture could play a key role in SOC sequestration of coastal salt marshes.     

基于圆柱多段拟合的隧道中轴线提取方法研究

提出基于圆柱多段拟合的隧道中轴线提取方法。首先对隧道点云数据进行预处理,并将点云按隧道走向分成不同区段;然后对各区段依据轴线与表面点云法线垂直关系,提取精度较低的中轴线;最后对各区段利用圆柱多段拟合,提取精度较高的中轴线。实验表明,隧道中轴线的提取在一定的采样区间具有较高的稳定性,对直线和弯曲的圆形隧道有良好的适用性,算法可靠,精度较高。     

武汉主城区液化潜能分区研究

搜集并整理武汉主城区地震安全性评价控制性钻孔SPT-N资料,配合武汉市地震动参数小区划成果,采用规范法对各场地土层在罕遇地震作用下液化可能性进行判别。以液化指数作为分区指标并结合各场地坐标,绘制武汉主城区液化潜能分区图。分区图初步预测了罕遇地震发生以后,可能发生液化的区域及其严重性,且表明无论是分布面积还是液化潜能,长江右岸均大于长江左岸。通过与4次历史大震液化资料的对比分析,武汉主城区可能液化场地具有地下水位埋深浅、液化土层分布范围广、埋藏深度大的特点。     

Influence of Spatial-Temporal and Environmental Factors on Larimichthys polyactis,Octopus variabilis,and Species Aggregated Set-Net CPUEs in Haizhou Bay,China

Set-nets are common alongshore fishing gear used in Haizhou Bay, which rely on flow to catch fish. The catch per unit effort(CPUE) of set-net is affected by spatial-temporal and environmental factors but no research has been conducted on this subject. In this study, we used generalized additive models(GAMs) to explore the influence of spatial-temporal and environmental factors on CPUEs of species aggregated, small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis), and octopus(Octopus variabilis) based on logbooks investigations conducted at 4 stations in an alongshore area of Haizhou Bay from 2011 to 2012. The results showed that all CPUEs exhibited significant spatial-temporal differences at various scales. Aggregated CPUE was high when the sea surface temperature(SST) was 15-18℃ and 20-23℃, which was mainly determined by life history traits of the octopus and small yellow croaker(optimal SSTs 14-17℃ and 19-24℃, respectively). Chlorophyll-a concentration had significant influences on the aggregated, small yellow croaker and octopus CPUEs at optimal ranges of 3.8-6.2 mg m~(-3), 4.2-4.8 mg m~(-3) and 4.5-5.5 mg m~(-3), respectively. Flow through the net had positive relationships with CPUEs. The approximate logarithmic trends in regression curves had a critical point of 2.5 Mm~3 d~(-1), which was the dividing point that differentiated whether the major factor affecting CPUEs was the flow velocity or the fishery resource. Our results from this study will help guide fishery production and improve catch rate of set-net fishing in Haizhou Bay.     

The Impact of Irrigation on Bacterial Community Composition and Diversity in Liaohe Estuary Wetland

In this study, the sequencing of 16S ribosomal DNA was used to characterize the soil bacterial community composition and diversity in Liaohe estuarine wetland. Soil samples were taken from different locations in the wetland dominated by reed. Moreover, the soil quality parameters were evaluated (pH, moisture, organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus). The results showed that the organic matter and nutrient contents were significantly higher in irrigated wetland than those in natural wetland. Major phylogenic groups of bacteria in soil samples including Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Actinobacteria and Cyanobacteria were analyzed and we found that Proteobacteria was the most abundant in the community, and the phylum Acidobacteria was more abundant in irrigated wetland. Beta diversity analyses indicated that the soil bacterial community was mainly affected by sampling sites rather than seasons. In general, the bacterial community in natural wetland was not significantly different with that in artificial irrigated wetland. Artificial hydraulic engineering irrigated according to the water requirement rule of reed, increased the production of reeds, changed the way of wetland soil material input, but the diversity of bacterial community kept stable relatively.     

中国省域煤矿事故时空分异特征及影响因素研究

煤矿事故给国家和人民带来巨大的生命财产损失,科学把握煤矿事故发生的宏观规律及区域煤矿安全的影响因素有助于促进煤矿安全生产。本文尝试采用GIS空间分析方法开展区域煤矿事故的研究,基于空间自相关性、时空演化规律方法研究了2006-2015年中国省域煤矿事故的时空分异特点,并分析了省域煤矿安全的影响因素及相对风险度。主要结论：①中国各省区之间煤矿事故存在明显的空间自相关性,但随着各省区煤矿安全生产形势改善情况的不同,其自相关性在不断下降;②以空间重心转移曲线分析中国煤矿事故发生的时空演化规律,10年间煤矿事故空间重心向东北方向转移。③重特大事故频发的省区由于监管措施的有力执行往往具有较低的煤矿百万吨死亡率;平均煤矿生产能力低的省区具有较高的煤矿百万吨死亡率;④建立基于解释变量的贝叶斯空间模型,以煤炭百万吨死亡率为指标评估中国各省区煤矿事故相对风险度,中国煤矿安全生产相对危险度存在明显的空间分布规律且各省区差异较大,相对危险度较高的省区主要集中在南方地区,包括湖北、福建等,危险度较低的省区主要集中在中东部地区,包括山西、内蒙古等。     

呼图壁地区震源机制解及构造应力场特征分析

基于新疆测震台网记录的数字地震波形,运用CAP方法测定呼图壁地区2010-01-15~2017-01-02共50次MS≥3.0地震的震源机制解,同时结合早期23次MS≥3.0地震的震源机制解数据,应用MSATSI软件反演研究区时空应力场。结果表明,研究区应力结构类型表现为逆断型,整个区域主压应力P轴近NNE向且倾角较小,说明整个呼图壁地区应力场以NNE向水平挤压作用为主要特征。从空间上看,东部的水平挤压作用更为显著;从时间上看,2010~2016年受到更为显著的NNE向应力场控制,反映了研究区在不同时段应力场的调整变化,但没有改变该区域最大主压应力轴呈NNE向的总体特征,说明整个呼图壁地区可能主要受一种较稳定的NNE向应力场控制。