末次冰期以来南海东北部陆源有机碳埋藏通量演变:海平面和季风驱动

大陆边缘盆地是大陆风化剥蚀产物的主要沉积汇,其中有机碳的埋藏通量及其控制机制的研究对于理解全球碳循环具有重要科学意义。本研究基于南海东北部台西南盆地TWS-1岩芯的AMS14C测年、总有机碳、总氮含量和稳定碳同位素组成的分析,探讨了末次盛冰期23ka BP以来南海东北部陆源有机碳的来源、历史和影响机制。与潜在物源端元对比表明,台湾是研究站位沉积物陆源有机碳的主要物源,相对海源其贡献比例约为58%,陆源物质可能主要通过海底峡谷水道和低海平面时期陆架河流输入。重建的陆源有机碳通量在末次冰消期早期(19—13kaBP)和中全新世(7—4ka BP)期间有两个峰值,分别约0.16g/(cm2·ka)和0.09g/(cm2·ka)。综合分析表明,二者分别受控于冰期低海平面时期增强的陆架风化剥蚀和全新世季风强盛期降水驱动的古台湾岛剥蚀。我们的工作表明冰期-间冰期循环中海平面和季风分别驱动的大陆边缘有机碳埋藏可能对全球碳循环和大气CO2浓度演变有重要影响。     

美国海军应对未来水下战的装备发展分析

伴随反介入/区域拒止武器的发展,美国海军与其他大国海军的水面优势越来越小,水下战场成为美国海军展示军事力量、获得战场主动权所倚重的手段。目前,水下战已成为美国海军重点发展的领域之一。通过对美国海军水下战作战概念发展历程的梳理,分析研究了其未来水下战所面临的新威胁挑战。结合美国海军的具体实际,研究给出了美国海军应对未来水下战的装备发展。     

Spatial pattern reconstruction of regional habitat quality based on the simulation of land use changes from 1975 to 2010

Reconstruction of the spatial pattern of regional habitat quality can revivify the ecological environment background at certain historical periods and provide scientific support for revealing the evolution of regional ecological environmental quality.In this study,we selected 10 driving factors of land use changes,including elevation,slope,aspect,GDP,population,temperature,precipitation,river distance,urban distance,and coastline distance,to construct the CA-Markov model parameters and acquired the land use spatial data for 1975,1980,1985,1990,and 1995 by simulation based on the land use status map for 2010.On this basis,we used the InVEST model to reconstruct the spatial pattern of habitat quality in the study area and conducted classification division and statistical analysis on the computed habitat degradation degree index and the habitat quality index.(1)The results showed that from 1975 to 2010,the habitat degradation degree gradually increased,and the habitat degradation grade spatially presented a layered progressive distribution.Habitat quality presented a constantly decreasing trend.The high-value zones were mainly distributed in the mountainous areas,while the low-value zones were mostly located in built-up areas.During the period of 1975-2010,low-value zones gradually expanded to their surrounding high-value zones,and the high-value zones of habitat quality tended to be fragmented.(2)The spatial-temporal variation characteristics of habitat quality from 1975 to 2010 showed that the regions with low habitat quality were difficult to be restored and mostly maintained their original state;the regions with poor habitat quality,which accounted for 6.40%of the total study area,continued to deteriorate,mainly around built-up areas;the regions with good and superior habitat quality,which accounted for 5.68%of the total study area,were easily converted to regions with bad or poor habitat quality,thus leading to the fragmentation of the regional habitat.(3)From 1975 to 2010,land use changes in the study area were significant and had a huge influence on habitat quality;the habitat quality in the study area decreased consistently,and the area of the regions with bad and poor habitat quality accounted for more than 60%of the total study area.Construction land was the largest factor threatening habitat quality.     

适于集约化水产养殖的固定化微生物技术的初步研究

采用生物强化技术尝试建立高效、价廉、实用性强的固定化微生物水质处理技术。根据水产养殖特点,选择了网片、波纹板、竹球等不同载体,对有益微生物制剂进行吸附后,比较其对人工模拟养殖废水处理的效果,最终确定竹球为理想的吸附载体材料;研究了最适母液浓度和吸附时间、水体中作用持续时间等;进行了对不同的商业化微生物制剂与单纯芽孢菌的降解效果比较,得到最佳制剂种类和优化的工艺参数。     

脊尾白虾的行为学观察研究

在高密度室内饲养条件下,观察了脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)的摄食、相残、运动、蜕皮、间隔、攻击和防御行为。试验结果表明,脊尾白虾摄食行为活跃,运动行为多样,在饥饿或个体较大差异条件下具有一定程度的相残行为,蜕皮行为表现出一定的特殊性,常经数天多次蜕皮行为特征后才能将旧壳蜕下,间隔行为不明显,攻击频率不高。另外,通过设置不同投喂组和投喂间隔时间观察比较了索饵率和相残率,结果表明,索饵率在第8小时已基本达到最高,相残率随投喂间隔时间的延长和空间密度的增大而升高。     

南海海表温度时空分布特征的数值模拟

应用混合坐标HYCOM海洋模式模拟得到南海海表温度17年(1992～2008)的逐月资料,利用经验正交函数分解方法(EOF)得到南海海表温度的时空分布。通过与前人的分析结果进行对比,各个模态的方差贡献率与空间分布型基本一致,说明利用模式模拟可以达到与观测相当的效果。在此基础上,对第二,第三模态的时间系数应用Morlet小波分析,发现均存在半年周期变化,但年周期变化存在明显差别。     

海蜇卵子卵径及其受精能力的初步探讨

研究观察了苗种生产过程中亲蜇产卵间隙卵巢中的卵子、自然产卵排放的卵子、受精卵的差异,结果发现其卵径依次增大,平均值依次为(74.57±1.05)、(84.22±1.13)、(92.03±1.39)μm,且非产卵时刻其卵巢中的卵子不具有受精能力,海蜇自然排放的卵子2h后亦失去受精能力。该结果表明,海蜇卵子产卵排放前须经历必要的生理转化过程才能成熟排放,具有受精能力。海蜇卵子受精后半径增大,表明海蜇卵子受精过程中亦会发生皮层反应,具体过程与机制需要进一步的研究。本文研究表明,海蜇人工授精不是可以随意进行的,应选择在海蜇自然产卵排精前后的时机及时进行。     

基于位置服务的空间信息传输模型

手机的基于位置的服务(LBS,Location Based Service)系统发展迅速,已经成为G IS应用的一个重要组成部分。LBS用户所处的环境以及对空间信息的使用方式均与传统的地图有了较大的差别,因此现有的地图传输理论已不能完全适应LBS系统的工作模式。在分析LBS系统特点的基础上,介绍了传统的Kolacny地图传输模型应用的局限性,提出了基于位置服务系统中的空间信息传输模型,这种模型具有对用户要求低、传输效率高以及表现形式多样化等特点。     

湖北省第二次全国土地调查底图制作问题探讨

通过完成湖北省部分地区第二次全国土地调查底图的制作,探讨使用SPOT5卫星影像制作调查底图中遇到的影像纠正、影像增强、影像镶嵌、影像融合等问题及相应的解决方法。     

Three-dimensional structure of a low salinity tongue in the southern Taiwan Strait observed in the summer of 2005

Cruise observations with CTD (conductivity-temperature-depth) profiler were carried out in the southern Taiwan Strait in the summer of 2005. Using the cruise data, two-dimensional maps of salinity and temperature distributions at depths of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 m were generated. The maps show a low salinity tongue sandwiched by low temperature and high salinity waters on the shallow water side and high temperature and high salinity waters on the deep water side. The further analysis indicates that the low salinity water has a nature of river-diluted water. A possible source of the diluted water is the Zhujiang (Pearl) Estuary. Meanwhile, the summer monsoon is judged as a possible driving force for this northeastward jet-like current. The coastal upwelling and the South China Sea Warm Current confine the low salinity water to flow along the central line of the strait. Previous investigations and a numerical model are used to verify that the upstream of the low salinity current is the Zhujiang Estuary. Thus, the low salinity tongue is produced by four major elements:Zhujinag Estuary diluted water, monsoon wind driving, coastal upwelling and South China Sea Warm Current modifications.