Permeability and sedimentation characteristics of pleistocene fluvio-glacial deposits in the Dadu river valley, Southwest China

There exist many fluvio-glacial deposits in the valley of Dadu River,Southwest China,which dates back to the Pleistocene.As some of the deposits are located within the seasonal water fluctuation zone of reservoirs,the seepage of groundwater acts as one of the key factors influencing their stability.Investigation into the sediment properties and permeability is,therefore,crucial for evaluating the sediment stability.In this study,in-situ permeability and sieving tests have been carried out to determine grain size distribution,correlations of permeability and hydraulic gradients,and relations between permeability and sedimentation properties.Test results indicate that the deposits are composed mostly of sands,gravels,cobbles and boulders,and the percentage of fines is less than 5%.The sediments have high densities,low porosities and natural moisture contents.At low hydraulic gradients,the seepage velocity obeys the Darcy’s law,while a nonDarcy permeability is observed with hydraulic gradient exceeding a certain value(about 0.5-0.7).The linear permeability coefficient ranges from 0.003 to 0.009 cm/s.Seepage failure occurs above a threshold between 1.1 and 1.5.The test data fit well with the non-linear permeability equations suggested by Forchheimer and Izbash.The non-Darcy permeability proves to be in accordance with the seepage equation suggested by Izbash with the power ’m’ of about 0.6-0.7.The characteristic grain sizes of the studied deposits are found in a narrow range between 0.024 and 0.031 mm,which is much lower than the effective grain size(d 10).     

Improved Gath–Geva clustering for fuzzy segmentation of hydrometeorological time series

In this paper, an improved Gath–Geva clustering algorithm is proposed for automatic fuzzy segmentation of univariate and multivariate hydrometeorological time series. The algorithm considers time series segmentation problem as Gath–Geva clustering with the minimum message length criterion as segmentation order selection criterion. One characteristic of the improved Gath–Geva clustering algorithm is its unsupervised nature which can automatically determine the optimal segmentation order. Another characteristic is the application of the modified component-wise expectation maximization algorithm in Gath–Geva clustering which can avoid the drawbacks of the classical expectation maximization algorithm: the sensitivity to initialization and the need to avoid the boundary of the parameter space. The other characteristic is the improvement of numerical stability by integrating segmentation order selection into model parameter estimation procedure. The proposed algorithm has been experimentally tested on artificial and hydrometeorological time series. The obtained experimental results show the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.     

湛江海洋大学校园树木景观现状与规划

论述了湛江海洋大学校园树木景观的现状和规划。指出要以园林生态学原则为指导思想建设热带生态园林式校园     

Seismic imaging of the Formosa Ridge cold seep site offshore of southwestern Taiwan

Multi-scale reflection seismic data, from deep-penetration to high-resolution, have been analyzed and integrated with near-surface geophysical and geochemical data to investigate the structures and gas hydrate system of the Formosa Ridge offshore of southwestern Taiwan. In 2007, dense and large chemosynthetic communities were discovered on top of the Formosa Ridge at water depth of 1125 m by the ROV Hyper-Dolphin. A continuous and strong BSR has been observed on seismic profiles from 300 to 500 ms two-way-travel-time below the seafloor of this ridge. Sedimentary strata of the Formosa Ridge are generally flat lying which suggests that this ridge was formed by submarine erosion processes of down-slope canyon development. In addition, some sediment waves and mass wasting features are present on the ridge. Beneath the cold seep site, a vertical blanking zone, or seismic chimney, is clearly observed on seismic profiles, and it is interpreted to be a fluid conduit. A thick low velocity zone beneath BSR suggests the presence of a gas reservoir there. This “gas reservoir” is shallower than the surrounding canyon floors along the ridge; therefore as warm methane-rich fluids inside the ridge migrate upward, sulfate carried by cold sea water can flow into the fluid system from both flanks of the ridge. This process may drive a fluid circulation system and the active cold seep site which emits both hydrogen sulfide and methane to feed the chemosynthetic communities.     

不同气流路径的春季黄海海雾天气与大气-海洋特征

春季（四至五月）是黄海海雾的多发季节,也是亚洲季风的转换季节。 本文对发生在1960-2006年春季的黄海海雾,及其雾气相关的天气特征和大气-海洋条件进行了综合分析。海雾根据I_COADS海面观测数据和同期NCEP/NCAR再分析资料风场的气流后向轨迹聚类分析,可进行气流路径分类。在气流路径分析的基础上,对春季黄海海雾的大尺度低层环流型及其相关的地表散度、湿度垂直分布、水汽水平输送及大气-海表温度差异进行了分析。主要结论总结如下：（1）导致春季黄海海雾形成的气流主要可分为四条路径。气流分别来自黄海的西北、东、东南和西南侧。（2）春季黄海海雾的发生有两种典型的天气型：黄海高压型（HSH）、气旋和反气旋耦合型（CAC）。两种天气型在四月份的出现比例大致相同;但在五月份HSH型的出现比例下降到三分之一左右,而CAC型上升到三分之二左右。（3）HSH和CAC两种天气型的共同特征是黄海位于地面散度中心。 （4）对于HSH型海雾,水汽主要来自局部蒸发,低层大气之上存在明显的干层;对于CAC型雾,水汽主要来自黄海以外,低层大气具有深厚的高湿度层。（5）由于天气型及其湿度垂直分布和水汽水平输送的差异,海雾可分为两类。多数的CAC型海雾为“暖”海雾,而HSH型海雾中的“暖”和“冷”海雾的比例几乎相同。     

南海北部新生代火山岩微量元素与同位素体系特征研究

南海北部新生代火山岩由早期的钙碱性双峰式向晚期的碱性玄武岩和拉斑玄武岩演化，微量元素与同位素体系特征研究表明这种趋势与该地区边缘海的扩张过程相对应，在拉伸作用早期，岩浆来源于富集型岩石圈地幔，而在晚期则来源于亏损的软流圈地幔。     

Experimental Study on the Effect of Moisture Content on Bituminous Coal Porosity Based on 3D Reconstruction of Computerized Tomography

Bituminous coal in the Xutuan Coal Mine of the Huaibei Mining Bureau (China) is the research object of this study. The influence of moisture content on the porosity of the bituminous coal was investigated from a microscopic perspective by using a high-solution 3D X-ray micro-analyzer. The threshold segmentation method was used to segment the scanning slices of the coal samples. The threshold values of the various media were in the following order (from large to small): minerals, water, matrices, and fractures. The scanning volume and actual volume proportions of the different media in the coal samples with different moisture contents were calculated. The accuracy of the computerized tomography (CT) scanning method in measuring the coal moisture content was verified by comparison with the results obtained using the weighing method. 3D reconstructed coal samples, with different moisture contents, were analyzed, as well as separately reconstructed fractures and water in the coal samples with different moisture contents. The heterogeneity and anisotropy of the coal mass were explained quantitatively by the CT scanning intensity. A commonly used fracture classification method indicated that the primary fracture in the coal sample was a type A fracture. The results of the analysis of water in the coal fracture indicated that the porosity of bituminous coal decreased with the increase in moisture content in conditions of atmospheric pressure and a short immersion period. However, a certain level of porosity remained evident, and the degree of fracture development of the coal samples remained unchanged. This is attributed to the minor volumetric change in the minerals in the coal samples, as the water does not completely occupy the fractures in the coal samples, and the dissolution of the minerals by water is therefore not significant. The reasons for the moisture content affecting gas adsorption, seepage, and strength of a coal body were analyzed from a microscopic perspective. In addition, the types of fractures and water in the coal samples were classified by employing statistics and analyses of volume, surface area, specific surface area, and aspect ratio of the fractures and the water in the coal samples with different moisture contents.

     

华北地台五台、中条、集宁区前寒武系铀矿化与找矿方向的讨论

本文首先概述了寒武纪地质发展史。太古代早期只出现小面积古陆核,岩石含铀量低,硅铝壳演化晚。早元古代稳定性差,盖层形成晚。因此,对寻找澳北型铀矿床不利。但中生代地台活化对寻找花岗岩型铀矿床创造了条件。铀矿花分布在古陆核两侧,围绕古陆核划分三个分带:内带——太古代古陆核为钍矿化区,多为花岗伟晶岩型;中带——古陆核边缘凹陷为铀钍混合区,铀多为变质热液型,碱交代型,与硅化带、破碎带、混合岩化及岩体接触带有关;外带——中生代花岗岩分布区为铀矿化区。中生代化岗岩是本区主要成矿岩体。集宁区凤凰山岩体,铀矿化分布于岩体边缘顶盖相,属硅质脉型。五台区盘道岩体,铀矿化主要产于岩体外接触带,有萤石型与玉髓型两种。上述共同特点:富硅、富钾、铝过饱和岩石,成矿类型与岩石化学成分都可与华南花岗岩对比。铀矿找矿方向:主要在古陆核外带中生代花岗岩呈北东向展布区,特别是围绕花岗岩内外接触带,寻找硅质脉型是最有远景的。其次是在中条区西侧山前大断裂复背斜核部,特别是断裂拐弯处和混合岩化强烈地段,寻找变质热液型、碱交代型是比较有利的。     

基于Google Earth的果化示范区石漠化评估

充分挖掘Google Earth(GE)提供的免费数据,可以克服数据缺乏区域无图可用的困难。以典型峰丛洼地果化示范区为例,基于GE和GIS技术,建立了果化示范区数字高程模型。利用植被覆盖度和坡度两个指标对研究区域2003年石漠化进行定量评估。结果表明,2003年示范区石漠化面积为5.63km2,比重高达64.7%;研究区域以轻度石漠化为主,轻度石漠化面积为3.92km2。