Research Progress of Groundwater Storage Changes Monitoring in China Based on GRACE Satellite Data

The data acquired by Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite provides a new way for monitoring groundwater storage changes in China. It is vital to understand its applications in China. This paper systematically reviewed the research progress of groundwater storage monitoring in China based on GRACE data. First, we used the bibliometric analysis and quantitative analysis to clarify trends and characteristics of related studies. Then, we elaborated on the basic principles, methods and uncertainties of groundwater monitoring based on GRACE data. Furthermore, we reviewed the research progress from the aspects of spatial range, accuracies and findings. It was found that the groundwater storage monitoring in China based on GRACE data has gradually received more attention, and the numbers of relevant publications and total citations in both Chinese and English showed an increasing trend. The methods mainly include the principle of water balance and calibration of hydrological models using GRACE satellite data. Most of the relevant studies focused on the North China Plain. The monitoring results are in good agreement with the measured groundwater data, and their correlation coefficients are higher than 0.6. We suggested that the challenges such as low spatial resolution of GRACE data and the uncertainties in monitoring should be considered. In the future, global positioning system, interferometric synthetic aperture radar and groundwater level observation data can be integrated to improve the reliability of groundwater storage monitoring in China.     

基于多层次模糊综合评判的强夯加固效果的评价

由于强夯法施工后,对于较大型工程进行夯实效果检测的指标较多,难以综合评定。通过从单因素评定入手,合理量化各因素的权重,建立多层次模糊综合评判模型,对港口吹填地基强夯夯实效果进行判断分析,得出一个比较科学合理的评定结果,具有经济易行、效果显著、施工周期短的优点,可为港口码头、路堤及飞机跑道工程的设计和场地评估提供参考。     

天津地区蒸发演变及对本地气候干旱化影响的研究

使用天津地区 41年的气象资料 ,分析了潜在蒸发量季节与年际演变的基本特征 ,潜在蒸发量的热力和动力两部分在不同季节彼此消涨的规律 ,以及不同气象要素对潜在蒸发的影响。提出了累积干燥度 (accumulateddryness)的概念 ,定量地讨论了蒸发和气候变暖对干旱的影响。研究表明 ,对蒸发影响最大的是热力作用 ,其对潜在蒸发的贡献年平均可达 70 % ;动力作用则在冬季最突出。气象要素中对蒸发影响最大的是气温 ,当年均气温增加 1℃时 ,年蒸发总量可增加 30 33mm ;风速的影响次之 ;水汽压和日照的影响较小。潜在蒸发量以逐年增大的趋势发展 ,尤其是近 1 0年 ,增长速率达 4 2 2mma- 1 ,使得累积干燥度逐年增大。在气候变暖的背景下 ,增温使潜在蒸发量增大 ,在很大程度上导致了年际间的持续干旱 ,使气候呈干旱化趋势发展。     

Regional variations in trace element concentrations in tissues of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Decapoda: Penaeidae) from South Vietnam

The goal of the present study was to examine the specific bioaccumulation of 22 trace elements in muscle, exoskeleton and hepatopancreas of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon from the Mekong River Delta (MRD), and the South Key Economic Zone (SKEZ), South Vietnam. The general tendency in most trace element concentrations among different tissues were hepatopancreas > exoskeleton > muscle. Comparisons of trace element levels in tissues between the two regions showed that concentrations of Se in muscle and As in all three tissues were higher in SKEZ; whereas in MRD, the higher concentrations of most elements such as Mn, Cu, Cd, Ba, Hg, were observed in tissues. These geographical variations in trace element levels may reflect the differences in human activities between the two regions of South Vietnam. The target hazard quotient (THQ) values for trace elements (<1) indicate that local residents are not exposed to potential health risks via the consumption of shrimp.     

Parallel computation of seismic analysis of high arch dam

Parallel computation programs are developed for three-dimensional meso-mechanics analysis of fully-graded dam concrete and seismic response analysis of high arch dams （ADs）, based on the Parallel Finite Element Program Generator （PFEPG）. The computational algorithms of the numerical simulation of the meso-structure of concrete specimens were studied. Taking into account damage evolution, static preload, strain rate effect, and the heterogeneity of the meso-structure of dam concrete, the fracture processes of damage evolution and configuration of the cracks can be directly simulated. In the seismic response analysis of ADs, all the following factors are involved, such as the nonlinear contact due to the opening and slipping of the contraction joints, energy dispersion of the far-field foundation, dynamic interactions of the dam-foundation- reservoir system, and the combining effects of seismic action with all static loads. The correctness, reliability and efficiency of the two parallel computational programs are verified with practical illustrations.     

Regional variations in trace element concentrations in tissues of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Decapoda: Penaeidae) from South Vietnam

The goal of the present study was to examine the specific bioaccumulation of 22 trace elements in muscle, exoskeleton and hepatopancreas of black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon from the Mekong River Delta (MRD), and the South Key Economic Zone (SKEZ), South Vietnam. The general tendency in most trace element concentrations among different tissues were hepatopancreas>exoskeleton>muscle. Comparisons of trace element levels in tissues between the two regions showed that concentrations of Se in muscle and As in all three tissues were higher in SKEZ; whereas in MRD, the higher concentrations of most elements such as Mn, Cu, Cd, Ba, Hg, were observed in tissues. These geographical variations in trace element levels may reflect the differences in human activities between the two regions of South Vietnam. The target hazard quotient (THQ) values for trace elements (<1) indicate that local residents are not exposed to potential health risks via the consumption of shrimp.     

时态GIS及其在艾滋病时空分布研究中的应用

时态GIS是GIS向多维化发展的产物。介绍了时态GIS的概念、特征、关键技术及主要时空数据模型。针对艾滋病传播的时空变化特性,提出了基于时态GIS的艾滋病时空分布动态监测的初步解决方案,较详细探讨了基于基态修正模型的艾滋病时空分布动态监测历史库与现时库动态更新方法。     

1986年8月26日门源6.4级地震震害及烈度分布

1.前言1986年8月26日,青海省门源县境内发生了6.4级地震。地震发生后,青海省地震局与兰州地震研究所联合对震区进行了宏观考察。但由于自然条件所限,未能进入极震区。在这以后,青海省地震局、兰州地震研究所、青海省地质局联合组队,再次深入震区进行考察,确定了宏观震中及地震裂缝带,圈划了极震区等震线。本文主要以第二次考察所取得的资料为基础,论述和分析了这次地震极震区的地质震害类型和分布特征以及烈度分布特征。