Model for large strain consolidation with compressible pore fluid

A numerical model, called CCPF1 (C onsolidation with C ompressible P ore F luid 1 ), is presented for one‐dimensional large strain consolidation of a saturated porous medium with compressible pore fluid. The algorithm includes all the capabilities of a previous large strain consolidation code, CS2, written for incompressible pore fluid. In addition, fluid density and fluid viscosity are functions of fluid pressure in CCPF1. Generalization of the numerical approach to accommodate these functions requires several modifications to the CS2 method, including phase relationships, intrinsic permeability, pore pressure, fluid potential, and mass flux. Inertial forces are neglected and isothermal conditions are assumed. The development of CCPF1 is first presented, followed by an example that illustrates the effects of pore fluid compressibility on the mechanics of consolidation of saturated porous media. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Regional differentiation of ecological conservation and its zonal suitability at the county level in China

China’s investments, financial incentives and deductions in terms of ecological conservation are based at the county level. Therefore, the monitoring and assessment of the effects of ecological conservation at the county level is important to provide a scientific basis for the assessment of the ecological and environmental quality at the county scale. This paper quantitatively estimated the dynamics of high-quality ecosystems and vegetation coverage over the past 15 years, and their relationships with the number of ecological conservation programs at the county level were analyzed. Then, the effects of ecological conservation measures on ecological changes at the county level and their regional suitability were assessed and discussed. The results showed that counties with a percentage of high-quality ecosystems greater than 50% were primarily distributed in northeastern China, southern subtropical China and the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and those with a percentage lower than 20% were mostly distributed in northwestern China, the southwestern karst region and the North China Plain. In recent decades, ecological conservation has focused on ecologically fragile regions; more than five ecological conservation programs have been implemented in most counties of the Three River Source Region in Qinghai Province, southeastern Tibet, western Sichuan, the Qilian Mountains, southern Xinjiang and other western regions, while only one or zero have been implemented in the eastern coastal area of China. Over the past 15 years, the proportional area of high-quality ecosystems has increased in approximately 53% of counties. The vegetation coverage of counties in the Loess Plateau, Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji), Sichuan-Guizhou-Chongqing, and Guangdong-Guangxi provincial-level areas has increased significantly. However, it decreased in northern Xinjiang, central Tibet, central and eastern Inner Mongolia, the Yangtze River Delta and other regions. The relationships between the numbers of ecological conservation programs and the indicators of ecosystem restoration response, such as high-quality ecosystem and vegetation coverage, do not show positive correlations. These results suggest that ecological conservation programs should be planned and implemented according to the distribution patterns of high-quality ecosystems and that restoration measures such as afforestation should follow natural principles and regional differentiation under the background of climate change.     

松嫩平原沙漠化现状和潜势

本文对松嫩平原的黑龙江省部分沙漠化现状进行了分析,指出松嫩平原不仅已存在零星沙地,而且还正受到呼伦贝尔沙地和科尔沁沙地的影响.明确提出该地区确实具有沙漠化的潜势,并针对沙漠化潜势提出了防治的对策.     

西安地铁穿越地裂缝的抽水试验研究

查清地裂缝水文地质情况可以为西安地铁设计和施工提供科学依据。根据西安地铁勘察工作需要,2008年7月～9月选择地裂缝穿过的西安市劳动路小学院内场地首次尝试进行跨地裂缝水文地质专项现场试验。试验内容包括试坑渗水试验、钻孔注水和抽水试验,并以1号抽水井的稳定流抽水试验为典型,研究地裂缝对地下水渗流的影响。采用带1个观测孔的稳定流潜水完整井公式、带2个观测孔的稳定流潜水完整井公式以及潜水完整井水位恢复速度计算公式等3个渗透系数计算方法,得到了地表浅层土体沿地裂缝走向和垂直于地裂缝走向的渗透系数,分析了渗透系数的差异性;最后利用MADIS有限元软件模拟场地内建筑物对地基土施加应力,探讨了建筑物对场地土体的影响。结果表明:利用上述3个公式计算,都得到沿地裂缝方向土体的渗透系数比垂直地裂缝方向的土体稍大;在同一落程中,利用潜水完整井水位恢复速度公式计算得到的渗透系数最大,利用带2个观测孔的稳定流潜水完整井公式计算得到的渗透系数次之,利用带1个观测孔的稳定流潜水完整井公式计算得到的渗透系数最小,这主要是由井损造成的;建筑物对场地土体的影响主要集中在素填土层、黄土层和古土壤层,粉质黏土层以下影响则逐渐减弱,影响深度在18 m左右;由于建筑物长期对地裂缝上盘土体施加荷载,附加应力作用使地基土固结压密,导致地裂缝上盘土体的渗透系数较下盘小。     

CHARACTERIZATION OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYME PATTERN AND MORPHOLOGY OF THREE MARINE FISH CELL LINES

Three continuous marine fish cell lines of FG (i. e., Hounder Gill) from flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) gill, SPH (i. e. , Sea Perch Heart) from sea perch (Lateolabrax japonicus) heart and RSBF (i.e., Red Sea Bream Fin) from red sea bream (Pagrosomus major) fin, were characterized by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozyme and morphological analysis. The LDH isozyme patterns of these three cell lines and their corresponding tissues of origin were investigated and compared. The results showed: (1) No difference was found in the LDH isozyme patterns of FG and flounder gill tissue. However, the LDH isozyme patterns of SPH and RSBF were significantly different from their corresponding tissues of origin; (2) LDH isozyme patterns of FG, SPH and RSBF were markedly different from each other and could serve as genetic markers for species identification and detection of cross contamination. Morphological change analysis of these three cell lines in comparison to their original tissues indicated that FG cells still appeared epithelioid without morphological transformation. However, morphological changes were found in SPH and RSBF compared to their original tissues. Therefore, the cellular morphology was still plastic in the relatively stable culture conditions, and it was possible that change of LDH patterns wasrelated to morphological changes of fish cells in vitro.     

塔里木河流域农牧系统耦合协调度分析

种植业(农业系统中的小农业)和畜牧业是农业系统中的两大主要组成部分,其协调发展有利于现代农业的实现。塔里木河流域是新疆重要的农业生产区域,农牧耦合协调发展将有利于推动流域现代农业的进程,增加农牧民收入。在统计学"变异性系数"的基础之上对其进行改良,构建了塔里木河流域农牧系统的耦合度和耦合协调度模型,以2003-2014年的统计数据为基础,定量分析了流域农牧系统耦合度和协调度,得出以下结论:流域传统农业特征显著;流域农牧协调发展存在一定的难度;流域农牧耦合只是简单的初级耦合,农牧高级耦合发展后劲还不足;政策因素对流域农牧耦合影响较大。     

印度河流域气温、降水、蒸发及干旱变化特征

基于印度河流域及周围54个地面气象站气温、降水资料,结合CRU气温和GPCC降水全球格点化陆面再分析资料,通过插值构建了一套0.5°×0.5°分辨率1980—2016年逐月格点数据集。采用Thornthwaite方法计算了潜在蒸散发,基于标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI),探讨了印度河流域气候变化及干旱演变特征。结果表明:(1)1980—2016年,印度河流域年平均气温以0.30℃·(10 a)^-1的速率呈显著上升趋势,21世纪初增温幅度最大;干季(11月～次年4月)升温速率较快,达0.36℃·(10 a)^-1,湿季(5～10月)增速0.25℃·(10 a)^-1。年降水量呈现少雨—多雨—少雨—多雨年代际振荡。伴随着持续升温,年和各季的潜在蒸发量增加显著。干季干旱频率较多,但湿季干旱强度高,各季干旱频率与降水呈现较一致的年代际波动;干旱的影响面积在干季呈现微弱地增加趋势,湿季却略有减少趋势。(2)空间上,除西北局部,流域其他区域的年和季平均气温、潜在蒸发量增加趋势显著,均达到95%置信水平。其中南部平原和东北山区升温幅度较高,...     

颈动脉粥样硬化与血浆肾素-血管紧张素水平的相关性

目的 探讨高血压病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与血浆肾素-血管紧张素水平的关系。方法 对2015年1月~2016年3月在心血管内科住院的原发性高血压患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究。结果 颈动脉粥样硬化与年龄、血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白、尿酸相关。血浆立卧位肾素-血管紧张素水平与颈动脉粥样硬化：随着立卧位血管紧张素Ⅱ水平、立位肾素水平的增高,颈动脉粥样硬化的发生率增高（P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、卧位血管紧张素Ⅱ、总胆固醇、尿酸与颈动脉粥样硬化呈正相关,高密度胆固醇与颈动脉粥样硬化呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论 血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ水平与颈动脉粥样硬化呈独立相关关系。     

光合细菌在对虾育苗生产中的应用

１９９５年４月２４日～５月８日，在文登高岛盐场育苗场５０ｍ３水体育苗池，进行了用几株光合细菌（ＲｈｏｄｏｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓＳ．Ｐ．）混合菌液作为中国对虾（Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）苗期水质净化剂及辅助饵料，取得了明显效果。育苗池水透明度提高约２０ｃｍ，幼体挂脏率下降５０％，变态提早１ｄ左右，且多产仔虾百万尾