Correction: Hydraulic tomography analysis of municipal-well operation data with geology-based groundwater models

Hydrogeology Journal - A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-021-02351-x     

Assessment of alternative adsorption models and global sensitivity analysis to characterize hexavalent chromium loss from soil to surface runoff

We investigate our ability to assess transfer of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), from the soil to surface runoff by considering the effect of coupling diverse adsorption models with a two‐layer solute transfer model. Our analyses are grounded on a set of two experiments associated with soils characterized by diverse particle size distributions. Our study is motivated by the observation that Cr(VI) is receiving much attention for the assessment of environmental risks due to its high solubility, mobility, and toxicological significance. Adsorption of Cr(VI) is considered to be at equilibrium in the mixing layer under our experimental conditions. Four adsorption models, that is, the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and linear models, constitute our set of alternative (competing) mathematical formulations. Experimental results reveal that the soil samples characterized by the finest grain sizes are associated with the highest release of Cr(VI) to runoff. We compare the relative abilities of the four models to interpret experimental results through maximum likelihood model calibration and four model identification criteria (i.e., the Akaike information criteria [AIC and AIC_C] and the Bayesian and Kashyap information criteria). Our study results enable us to rank the tested models on the basis of a set of posterior weights assigned to each of them. A classical variance‐based global sensitivity analysis is then performed to assess the relative importance of the uncertain parameters associated with each of the models considered, within subregions of the parameter space. In this context, the modelling strategy resulting from coupling the Langmuir isotherm with a two‐layer solute transfer model is then evaluated as the most skilful for the overall interpretation of both sets of experiments. Our results document that (a) the depth of the mixing layer is the most influential factor for all models tested, with the exception of the Freundlich isotherm, and (b) the total sensitivity of the adsorption parameters varies in time, with a trend to increase as time progresses for all of the models. These results suggest that adsorption has a significant effect on the uncertainty associated with the release of Cr(VI) from the soil to the surface runoff component.     

西北地区45a来降水异常的时空变化及其标度特征

利用西北地区(73°~113°E,30°~50°N)157个气象站的1960—2004年日降水观测资料,通过非参数趋势检测和旋转主成分分析方法对年降水异常的时空特征进行研究.根据降水特征的差异,西北地区可以划分为西北东北部、东南部、西北部、西南部、中北部及中南部等6大区域.结果表明:西北地区降水自东南向西北逐步递减,降水变化趋势则是东南为负、西北为正,变化幅度东南大于西北.根据每个分区的降水序列标度特征,采用消除波动趋势分析方法,对6个分区45 a来降水时间序列所纪录的大气动力过程影响的时空差异进行分析,定量区分区域气候系统和局地要素对不同区域降水贡献的差异及其年代际变化.     

人肠道微生物对海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯及其寡糖的降解利用

采用人肠道微生物体外厌氧发酵技术,研究人肠道微生物对不同分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的降解利用。分别将五个志愿者的肠道微生物接种到以高分子量和低分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯为唯一碳源的培养基中,酵解48h后,采用TLC和PAGE分析分子量变化,PMP-HPLC分析单糖组成变化,GC分析短链脂肪酸的生成情况。结果发现:在人肠道微生物体外降解岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的体系中,岩藻聚糖硫酸酯寡糖和低分子量组分(10—20k Da)含量显著降低,而且酵解产物的单糖组成没有变化,说明被人肠道微生物彻底降解利用;而人肠道微生物对高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯(20k Da)的降解和利用度很低,产物的半乳糖和甘露糖的比例明显下降。低分子量和高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯在酵解后均生成短链脂肪酸乙酸、丙酸和丁酸,但在高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯发酵液中还生成了支链脂肪酸(异丁酸、异戊酸)和戊酸。研究结果表明,人肠道微生物能够彻底降解利用复杂的海带岩藻聚糖硫酸酯寡糖和低分子量组分,但是对高分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯的降解率很低。单糖分析说明人肠道微生物能够降解和利用多糖中的所有单糖,产生有利于肠道健康的短链脂肪酸,但是只有低分子量岩藻聚糖硫酸酯能够抑制支链脂肪酸生成。     

OMIS-Ⅱ图像大气校正之FLAASH法与经验线性法的比较

对FLAASH法和经验线性法的大气校正效果进行评价.结果表明,FLAASH法和经验线性法均能很好地消除大部分大气的影响,满足试验要求.如果单从精度方面考虑,FLAASH法要略好于经验线性法.但FLAASH法的校正精度依赖于输入的大气参数和仪器定标精度,因而在实际应用中关键还要根据现有的数据情况选择合适的校正方法.     

Decomposition analysis on direct material input and dematerialization of mining cities in Northeast China

Material dematerialization is a basic approach to reduce the pressure on the resources and environment and to realize the sustainable development. The material flow analysis and decomposition method are used to calculate the direct material input (DMI) of 14 typical mining cities in Northeast China in 1995-2004 and to analyze the demateri-alization and its driving factors in the different types of mining cities oriented by coal, petroleum, metallurgy and multi-resources. The results are as follows: 1) from 1995 to 2006, the increase rates of the DMI and the material input intensity of mining cities declined following the order of multi-resources, metallurgy, coal, and petroleum cities, and the material utilizing efficiency did following the order of petroleum, coal, metallurgy, and multi-resources cities; 2) during the research period, all the kinds of mining cities were in the situation of weak sustainable development in most years; 3) the pressure on resources and environment in the multi-resources cities was the most serious; 4) the petro-leum cities showed the strong trend of sustainable development; and 5) in recent years, the driving function of eco-nomic development for material consuming has continuously strengthened and the controlling function of material utilizing efficiency for it has weakened. The key approaches to promote the development of circular economy of min-ing cities in Northeast China are put forward in the following aspects: 1) to strengthen the research and development of the technique of resources' cycling utilization, 2) to improve the utilizing efficiency of resources, and 3) to carry out the auditing system of resources utilization.     

珠江流域实际蒸散发与潜在蒸散发的关系研究

采用水量平衡模型和Penman公式分别计算了珠江流域七个子流域1961—2000年实际蒸散发(I_(ETa))和潜在蒸散发(I_(ETp)),并对供水条件变化下I_(ETa)与I_(ETp)的关系进行了定量化分析,对各子流域I_(ETa)和I_(ETp)关系的理论从属性进行判定,主要结论如下:1)珠江流域年实际蒸散发量远低于潜在蒸散发量,多数子流域I_(ETa)值不到I_(ETp)值的1/2。7个流域面积加权平均I_(ETa)为681.4 mm/a,I_(ETp)为1 560.8 mm/a。从蒸散发的变异性来看,则实际蒸散发I_(ETa)的变异性明显要高于潜在蒸散发I_(ETp)。2)东江、西江、北江、柳江和盘江等5个流域实际蒸散发I_(ETa)都与降水量呈现正相关关系,韩江、郁江两个流域I_(ETa)随降水变化的变化趋势不明显。各子流域的潜在蒸散发I_(ETp)与降水量呈现显著负相关关系。7个子流域平均情况下,随着降水量的增加,I_(ETa)呈现明显的增加趋势,而I_(ETp)呈现明显的下降趋势。3)通过对降水量P与实际蒸散发I_(ETa)及潜在蒸散发I_(ETp)的联合回归方程P-IET回归系数的T检验,判定韩江、柳江和盘江等三个子流域以及七流域面积加权平均I_(ETa)与P和I_(ETp)与P的关系满足理论意义上的严格互补相关;东江、西江、北江等三个流域I_(ETa)与P和I_(ETp)与P的关系满足"非对称"互补相关。4)基于极端干旱和极端湿润的边界条件,推导出非对称条件下的实际蒸散发互补相关理论模型。     

塔里木盆地库车坳陷中生界构造古地理分析

运用区域地面地质、地震、钻测井等资料的综合分析,对库车坳陷中生界的盆地结构、构造样式、中生界各层序原始地层厚度和沉积相分布、古隆起形态、区域构造演化等方面进行研究,重建了库车坳陷中生代盆地构造古地理,并对盆地原型成因进行分析。库车坳陷残留中生界总体上为北厚南薄、北剥南超的地质结构,北部强烈角度不整合在南天山海西期褶皱带,南部微角度不整合面在寒武-奥陶系之上,南部边缘沿着温宿-西秋-牙哈古隆起有基底断裂活动。北部单斜带为冲积扇和辫状河三角洲,克拉苏构造带为深湖,南部沿着古隆起带为缓坡三角洲、浅湖。库车坳陷中生代原型盆地位于南天山海西期造山带和塔里木克拉通边缘过渡带之上,地壳均衡可能是盆地沉降的主要动力。南缘古隆起带在南天山洋扩张期为塔里木克拉通台地与被动大陆边缘的台地边缘,南天山洋闭合期为前陆隆起带,发育基底断裂和断块差异活动,在中生代有继承性活动,晚新生代新天山挤压隆升使古隆起带发生挤压变形,成为新天山逆冲变形造山楔的前锋。     

潮汐应力-应变对某些地震序列的调制触发

对1960年以来中国大陆浅源地震序列与潮汐应变的相关分析表明, 某些地区某些地震序列, 包括前震序列、 前震-主震序列、 前震-主震-余震序列和主震-余震序列明显受到潮汐应力-应变的调制触发。 如龙陵地震的前震-主震序列, 邢台地震的前震-主震-余震序列、 唐山地震的主震-余震序列等。 这些地震序列受到潮汐力调制触发的特征明显, 对地震预测有意义, 并作了具体的叙述。 同时对地震序列受调制触发的机理作了初步的探讨, 指出不同类型地震序列的调制触发特征与孕育系统地质构造, 地震震源岩石性质和区域构造应力场方向以及地震破裂机制有关, 对地震机理和预测的研究有一定意义。     

内蒙古丰镇市泉子沟斑岩钼矿床成岩成矿年代学及其地质意义

泉子沟斑岩钼矿床位于内蒙古丰镇市,地处华北克拉通北缘内蒙古台隆凉城断隆内。矿区出露一套燕山期花岗质杂岩体——红娘山杂岩体,主要由中粗粒花岗岩、似斑状花岗岩和石英斑岩组成,钼矿体主要赋存于似斑状花岗岩中。文章在详细的野外地质调查基础上,对泉子沟矿床的成岩成矿时代进行了详细研究,并探讨了地质意义。5件辉钼矿样品的Re-Os模式年龄介于(158.8±2.2)Ma~(161.5±2.2)Ma之间,其加权平均值为(159.8±1.0)Ma(MSWD=0.92),等时线年龄为(161.7±3.1)Ma(MSWD=1.40)。红娘山杂岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为:中粗粒花岗岩结晶年龄为(173±1)Ma(MSWD=0.88),似斑状花岗岩侵位年龄为(162±1)Ma(MSWD=0.40),石英斑岩结晶年龄为(160±2)Ma(MSWD=1.90)。辉钼矿Re-Os和锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,泉子沟钼矿床形成于晚侏罗世早期,成矿与似斑状花岗岩关系密切。泉子沟钼矿床的辉钼矿w(Re)介于16.49×10~(-6)~32.87×10~(-6),暗示成矿物质主要来自下地壳。